Prostate-specific Antigen and Human Glandular Kallikrein: Two Kallikreins of the Human Prostate

References

• Coffey D. Androgen action and the sex accessory tissues. The Physiology of Reproduction, E Knobil, J Neill. Raven Press Ltd, New York 1988; 1081–119
   Google Scholar
• Lee C, Tsai Y, Sensibar J, Oliver R, Grayhack J T. Two-dimensional characterization of prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen and prostatic binding protein in expressed prostatic fluid. Prostate 1986; 9: 135–46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coffey D, Pienta K J. New concepts in studying the control of normal and cancer growth of the prostate. Current Concepts and Approaches to the Study of Prostate Cancer, D S. Coffey, N Bruchovsky, W A. Gardner, Ml Resnick, J P. Karr. Alan R Liss Inc., New York 1987; 1–73
   Google Scholar
• Isaacs W B., Carter B S. Genetic changes associated with prostate cancer in humans. Prostate cancer. Cell and molecular mechanisms in diagnosis and treatment, J T. Isaacs. Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor 1991; 15–24
   Google Scholar
• Wang M C., Valenzuela L A., Murphy G P., Chu T M. Purification of human prostate-specific antigen. J Urol 1979; 17: 159–63
   Google Scholar
• Yam L T. Clinical significance of prostatic acid phosphatase. Am J Med 1974; 56: 604–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaller J, Akiyama K, Tsuda R, Hara M, Marti T, Rlckli E E. Isolation, characterization and amino acid sequence of gamma-seminoprotein, a glycoprotein from human seminal plasma. Eur J Biochem 1987; 170: 111–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang M C., Kurlyama M, Papsldero L D., et al. Prostate antigen of human cancer patients. Methods Cancer Res 1982; 19: 179–97
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadjl M, Tabei S Z., Castro A, et al. Prostatic-specific antigen: an immunohistologic marker for prostatic neoplasms. Cancer 1981; 48: 1229–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qiu D D., Young C Y-F, Bilhartz D L., et al. In situ hybridization of prostate-specific antigen mRNA in human prostate. J Urol 1990; 144: 1550–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakalahtl L, Vlhko P, Henttu P, Autio-Harmainen H, Solnl Y, Vihko R. Evaluation of PAP and PSA gene expression in prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma using northern blot analyses, in situ hybridization and immuno-histochemical stainings with monoclonal and bispecific antibodies. Int J Cancer 1993; 55: 590–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sinha A A., Hagen K A., Sibley R K., et al. Analysis of fixation effects on immunohistochemical localization of prostatic-specific antigen in human prostate. J Urol 1986; 136: 722–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sinha A A., Wilson M J., Gleason D F. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of prostatic-specific antigen in human prostate by the protein-A-gold complex. Cancer 1987; 15: 1288–93
   Google Scholar
• Kamoshlda S, Tsutsumi Y. Extraprostatic localization of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen. Hum Pathol 1990; 21: 1108–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Papsidero L D., Wang M C., Valenzuela L A., Murphy G P., Chu T M. A prostate antigen in sera of prostatic cancer patients. Cancer Res 1980; 40: 2428–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuriyama M, Wang M C., Papsidero L D., et al. Quantitation of prostate-specific antigen in serum by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay. Cancer Res 1980; 40: 4658–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlfman R B., Ahmann F R., Elvick A, Ahmann M, Coulis K, Brawer M K. Analytical and physiological characteristics of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase. Clin Chem 1987; 33: 2086–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stamey T A. Prostate-specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Monogr Urol 1989; 10: 49–54
   Google Scholar
• Stamey T A., Yang N, Hay A R., McNeal J E., Freiha F S., Red-wine E. Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 909–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oesterling J E., Chan D W., Epstein Jl, et al. Prostate-specific antigen in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of localized prostatic cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. J Urol 1988; 139: 766–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oesterling J E. Prostate-specific antigen: a critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 1991; 145: 907–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabalin J N. Prostate-specific antigen: clinical use in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Geriatrics 1992; 47: 26–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Armbruster D A. Prostate-specific antigen: biochemistry, analytical methods and clinical application. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 181–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson M A., Bahnson R R., Catalona W J. Clinical use of prostate-specific antigen with prostate cancer. J Urol 1989; 142: 1011–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange P H., Ercole C J., Lightner D J., Fraley E E., Vessella R. The value of serum prostate specific antigen determinations before and after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 1989; 141: 873–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooner W H., Mosley B R., Rutherford C L., Jr, et al. Prostate cancer detection in a clinical urological practice by ultrasonography, digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen. J Urol 1990; 143: 1146–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamey T A., Kabalin J N. Prostate-specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. I. Untreated patients. J Urol 1989; 141: 1070–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan D W., Bruzek D J., Oesterling J E., Rock R C., Walsh P C. Prostate-specific antigen as a marker for prostatic cancer: A monoclonal and polyclonal immunoassay compared. Clin Chem 1987; 33: 1916–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partin A W., Van den Chan D W., et al. Prostate-specific antigen in the staging of localized prostate cancer: influence of tumor differentation, tumor volume and benign hyperplasia. J Urol 1990; 143: 747–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamey T A., Kabalin J N., Ferrari M. Prostate-specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. III. Radiation treated patients. J Urol 1989; 141: 1084–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ercole C J., Lange P H., Mathisen M, Chiou R K., Reddy P K., Vessella R L. Prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in the monitoring and staging of patients with prostatic cancer. J Urol 1987; 138: 1181–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamey Ta, Kabalin J N., Ferrari M, Yang N. Prostate-specific antigen and the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. IV. Anti-androgen treated patients. J Urol 1989; 141: 1088–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaighn M E., Narayan K S., Ohnuki Y, Lechner J F., Jones L W. Establishment and characterization of a human prostatic carcinoma cell line (PC-3). Invest Urol 1979; 17: 16–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stamey T A., Kabalin J N., McNeal J E., et al. Prostate-specific antigen and the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. II. Radical prostatectomy treated patients. J Urol 1989; 141: 1076–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csapo Z, Brand K, Walther R, Fokas K. Comparative experimental study of the serum prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in serially transplantable human prostatic carcinoma lines in nude mice. J Urol 1988; 140: 1032–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christensson A, Van den Lilja H. Enzymatic activity of prostate-specific antigen and its reactions with extracellular serine protease inhibitors. Eur J Biochem 1990; 194: 755–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lilja H, Christensson A, Dahln U, et al. Prostate-specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with α-antichymotrypsin. Clin Chem 1991; 37: 1618–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenman U H., Leinonen J, Altthan H, Rannikko S, Tuhkanen K, Altthan O. A complex between prostate-specific antigen and α antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate-specific antigen in serum of patients with prostatic cancer: assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 222–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallee M P., Van den Korput J A., et al. Variation of prostate-specific antigen expression in different tumour growth patterns present in prostatectomy specimens. Urol Res 1990; 18: 181–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pretlow T G., Pretlow T P., Yang P, et al. Tissue concentrations of prostate-specific antigen in prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Cancer 1991; 49: 645–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henttu P, Lukkarinen O, Vihko P. Expression of the gene coding for human prostate-specific antigen and related hGK-1 in benign and malignant tumors of the human prostate. Int J Cancer 1990; 45: 654–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graves H CB, Sensabaugh G F., Blake R T. Postcoital detection of male-specific protein. Application to the investigation of rape. N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 338–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt K WK, Lee P JM', Timkulu T, Chan W P., Loor R. Human prostate-specific antigen: structural and functional similarity with serine proteases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 3166–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundwall A, Lilja H. Molecular cloning of human prostate-specific antigen cDNA. FEBS Lett 1987; 214: 317–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riegman P HJ, Klaassen P, Van den Romijn J C., Trapman J. Molecular cloning and characterization of novel prostate antigen cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 155: 181–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henttu P, Vihko P. cDNA coding for the entire human prostate specific antigen shown high homologies to the human tissue kallikrein genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 160: 903–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker A R., Shine J. Human kidney kallikrein: cDNA cloning and sequence analysis. DNA 1985; 4: 445–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fukushima D, Kitamura N, Nakanishi S. Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA from human pancreatic kallikrein. Biochemistry 1985; 24: 8037–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans B A., Yun Z X., Close J A., et al. Structure and localization of the human renal kallikrein gene. Biochemistry 1988; 27: 3124–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riegman P HJ, Vliestra R J., Klaassen P, et al. The prostate-specific antigen gene and the human glandular kallikrein-1 gene are tandemly located on chromosome 19. FEBS Lett 1989; 247: 123–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chapdelaine P, Paradis G, Tremblay R R., Dubé J Y. High level of expression in the prostate of a human glandular kallikrein mRNA related to prostate-specific antigen. FEBS Lett 1988; 236: 205–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schedlich L, Bennetts B H., Morris B J. Primary structure of a human glandular kallikrein gene. DNA 1986; 6: 429–37
   Google Scholar
• Young C Y-F, Andrews P E., Montgomery B T., Tindall D J. Tissue-specific and hormonal regulation of human prostate-specific glandular kallikrein. Biochemistry 1992; 31: 818–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundwall Å. Characterization of the gene for prostate-specific antigen, a human glandular kallikrein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 161: 1151–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riegman P HJ, Vliestra R J., Van den Korput J AGM, Romijn J C., Trapman J. Characterization of the human prostate-specific antigen gene: a novel human kallikrein-like gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 159: 95–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schedlich L J., Morris B J. Three Alu repeated sequences associated with a human glandular kallikrein gene. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1988; 15: 339–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horoszewicz J S., Leong S S., Kawinski E, et al. LNCaP model of human prostatic carcinoma. Cancer Res 1983; 43: 1809–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong C J., Sherwood E R., Sutkowski D M., et al. Reconstituted basement membrane promotes morphological and functional differentation of primary human prostatic epithelial cells. Prostate 1991; 19: 221–35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy B C., Pienta K J., Coffey D S. Effects of extracellular matrix components and dihydrotestosterone on the structure and function of huma prostate cancer cells. Prostate 1992; 20: 29–41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henttu P, Vihko P. Steroids inversely affect the biosynthesis and secretion of human prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen in the LNCaP cell line. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992; 41: 349–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf D A., Schultz P, Fittler F. Synthetic androgens suppress the transformed phenotype in the human prostate carcinoma cell line LNCaP. Br J Cancer 1991; 64: 47–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young C Y-F, Montgomery B T., Andrews P E., Qiu S, Bilhartz D L., Tindall D J. Hormonal regulation of human prostate-specific antigen messenger RNA in human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line LNCaP. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 3748–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henttu P, Liao S, Vihko P. Androgens up-regulate the human prostate-specific antigen messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), but down-regulate the prostatic acid phosphatase mRNA in the LNCaP cell line. Endocrinology 1992; 130: 766–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleave M E., Hsieh J T., Wu H C., Eschenbach A C., Chung L KW. Serum prostate specific antigen levels in mice bearing human prostate LNCaP tumors are determined by tumore volume and endocrine and growth factors. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 1598–605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf D A., Schultz P, Fittler F. Transcriptional regulation of prostate kallikrein-like genes by androgen. Mol Endocrinol 1992; 6: 753–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riegman P HJ, Vliestra R J., Van den Korput J AGM, Brink-man A O., Trapman J A. The promoter of prostate-specific antigen gene contains a functional androgen responsive element. Mol Endocrinol 1991; 76: 181–91
   Google Scholar
• Henttu P, Vihko P. Growth factor regulation of gene expression in the human prostatic carcinoma cell line LNCaP. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 1051–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Halbeek H, Gerwig G J., Vliegenhart J FG, Tsuda R, Akiyama K, Schmid K. Occurence of the Y determinant on the N-glycosidic carbohydrate units of human gamma-seminoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 131: 507–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald R J., Margolius H S., Erds E G. Molecular biology of tissue kallikrein. Biochem J 1988; 253: 313–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements J A. The glandular kallikrein family of enzymes: tissue specific expression and hormonal regulation. Endocr Rev 1989; 10: 393–419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drinkwater C C., Evans B A., Richards Rl. Kallikreins, kinins and growth factor biosynthesis. Trends Biochem Sci 1988; 13: 169–72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lilja H. A kallikrein-like serine protease in prostatic fluid cleaves the predominant seminal vesicle protein. J Clin Invest 1985; 80: 281–5
   Google Scholar
• Akiyama K, Nakamura T, Iwanaga S, Hara M. The chymotrypsin-like activity of human prostate-specific antigen, y-seminoprotein. FEBS Lett 1987; 225: 168–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ban Y, Wang M C., Watt K WK, Loor R M., Chu T M. The proteolytic activity of human prostate-specific antigen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1984; 123: 482–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen P, Graves H CB, Peehl D M., Kamarei M, Gludice L C., Rosenfeld R G. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protease found in seminal plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 75: 1046–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilja H, Abrahamsson P A., Lundwall Å. Semenogelin, the predominant protein in human semen: primary stuctrure and identification of closely related proteins in the male accessory sex glands and spermatozoa. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 1894–1900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lilja H, Oldbrlng J, Rannevik G, Laurell C B. Seminal vesicel-secreted proteins and their reactions during gelation and liquefaction of human semen. J Clin Invest 1987; 80: 281–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGee R S., Herr J C. Human seminal vesicle-specific antigen is a substrate for prostate-specific antigen (or P-30). Biol Reprod 1988; 39: 499–510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bilhartz D J., Tlndall D J., Oesterling J E. Prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase: bimolecular and physiologic characteristics. Urology 1991; 38: 95–102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar