References
- Boring C C, Squires T S, Tong T, Montgomery S. Cancer statistics 1994. CA Cancer J Clin 1994; 44: 7–26
- Bell D A, Scully R E. Early de novo ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 1994; 73: 1859–64
- Stelnback F. Benign, borderline and malignant serous cystadenomas of the ovary. Pathol Res Pract 1981; 172: 58–72
- Puls L E, Powell D E, DePriest P D, et al. Transition from benign to malignant epithelium in mucinous and serous ovarian cystadenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 1992; 47: 53–7
- Ovarian Cancer: screening, treatment and follow-up. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conferences Statement. June 3, 1994, April 5–7, 1994
- Lynch H T, Watson P, Bewtra C, et al. Hereditary ovarian cancer: heterogeneity in age at diagnosis. Cancer 1991; 67: 1460–6
- Bast R C, Jr., Klug T J, St John E, et al. A radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody to monitor the course of epithelial ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 883–7
- Rosman M, Hayden C L, Thiel R P, et al. Prognostic indicators for poor risk epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 1994; 74: 1323–8
- Vasilev S A, Schlaerth J B, Campleau J, Morrow C P. Serum CA-125 levels in preoperative evaluation of pelvic masses. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 71: 751–6
- Schwartz P E, Chambers J T, Taylor K JW, et al. Early detection of ovarian cancer: background, rationale, and structure of the Yale early detection program. Yale J Biol Med 1991; 64: 557–71
- Schwartz P E, Chambers J T, Taylor K JW, et al. Early detection of ovarian cancer: preliminary results of the Yale early detection program. Yale J Biol Med 1991; 64: 573–82
- Karlan B Y, Raffel L J, Crvenkovic G, et al. A multidisciplinary approach to the early detection of ovarian carcinoma: rationale, protocol design and early results. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 494–501
- Muto M G, Cramer D W, Brown D L, et al. Screening for ovarian cancer: the preliminary experience of a familial ovarian cancer center. Gynecol Oncol 1993; 51: 12–20
- Zurawski V R, Orjaseter H, Andersen A, Jellum E. Elevated serum CA-125 levels prior to diagnosis of ovarian neoplasia: relevance for early detection of ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 1988; 42: 677–80
- Molina R, Filella X, Bruix J, et al. Cancer antigen 125 in serum and ascitic fluid of patients with liver disease. Clin Chem 1991; 37: 1379–83
- Schwartz P E, Hayden C, Chambers J T, Kohorn E, Chambers S. New criteria for tumor markers in detecting occult ovarian cancer following clinically successful initial therapy. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1990; 9: 164
- Jacobs I J, Oram D H, Bast R C, Jr. Strategies for improving the specificity of screening for ovarian cancer with turmor-associated antigens CA-125, CA 15–3 and TAG 72.3. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 80: 396–9
- Bast R C, Knauf S, Epenetos A, et al. Coordinate elevation of serum tumor markers in ovarian cancer but not in benign disease. Cancer 1991; 68: 1758–63
- Schwartz P E. The role of tumor markers in the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cysts. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993; 36: 384–94
- Jacobs I, Davies A P, Bridges J, et al. Prevalence screening for ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women by CA-125 measurement and ultrasonography. BMJ 1993; 306: 1030–4
- Woolas R, Jacobs I J, Xu F J, et al. Serum levels of CA-125, M-CSF and OVX 1 in Stage I and preclinical ovarian cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1993; 12: 110
- Campbell S, Bhan V, Royston P, et al. Transabdominal ultrasound screening for ovarian cancer. BMJ 1989; 299: 1363–7
- Jacobs I, Prys Davies A, Oram D. Role of CA-125 in screening for ovarian cancer. Ovarian Cancer 2, F Sharp, W P Mason, W Creaseman. Chapman & Hall, New York 1992; 273
- Van Nagell J R, Higgins R V, Donaldson E S, et al. Transvaginal sonography as a screening method for ovarian cancer: a report of the first 1000 cases screened. Cancer 1990; 65: 573–7
- Pellerito J S, Taylor K JW, Quedens-Case C, et al. Ectopic pregnancy: evaluation with endovaginal color flow imaging. Radiology 1992; 183: 407–11
- Taylor K JW, Schwartz P E. Screening for early ovarian cancer. Radiology 1994; 192: 1–10
- Dillon E H, Case C Q, Ramos I M, et al. Endovaginal pulse and color flow Doppler in the first trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound Med Biol 1993; 19: 517–25
- Kurjak A, Zalud I. Transvaginal colour Doppler in the differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian masses. Ovarian Cancer, F Sharp, W P Mason, W Creaseman. Chapman & Hall, London 1992; 249–64
- Fleischer A C, Rodgers W H, Kepple D M, et al. Color Doppler sonography of benign and malignant ovarian masses. Radiographics 1992; 12: 879–85
- Hamper U M, Seth S, Abbas F M, et al. Transvaginal Doppler sonography of adnexal masses: differences in blood flow impedance in benign and malignant lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993; 160: 1225–8
- Weiner Z, Thaler I, Beck D, et al. Differentiating benign from malignant ovarian tumors with transvaginal color flow imaging. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 79: 159–62
- Folkman J, Watson K, Ingber D, et al. Induction of angiogenesis during the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia. Nature 1989; 339: 58
- Strickland B. The value of arteriography in the diagnosis of bone tumours. Br J Radiol 1959; 32: 705–13
- Gammil S L, Shipkey R B, Himmelfarb E H, et al. Roentgenology-pathology correlative study of neo-vascularity. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1976; 126: 376–85
- Ramos I M, Fernandez L A, Morse S S, et al. Detection of neovascular signals in a 3-day Walker 256 rat carcinosarcoma by CW Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol 1988; 14: 123–6
- Taylor K JW, Ramos I M, Carter D, et al. Correlation of Doppler US tumor signals with neovascular morphologic features. Radiology 1988; 166: 57–62
- Tekay A, Jouppila P. Validity of pulsatility and resistance indices in classification of adnexal tumours with transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1992; 2: 338–44
- Brown D L, Frates M C, Laing F C, et al. Ovarian masses: can benign and malignant lesions be differentiated with color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound?. Radiology 1994; 190: 333–6
- Lundell A L. Ultrasound and Doppler characteristics of adnexal masses as predictors of benign versus malignant disease. MD thesis, Yale University. 1994
- Schwartz P E, Chambers J T, Taylor K JW, et al. Urinary gonadotropin fragments (UGF). Anticancer Res 1993; 13: 1722–5
- Leach F S, Nlcolaides N C, Papadopoulos N, et al. A mut S homolog in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. Cell 1993; 75: 1215–25
- Miki Y, Swensen J, Shattuck-Eidens D, et al. A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1.Sc/ence 1994; 226: 66–71
- King M C, Rowell S, Love S. Inherited breast and ovarian cancer. What are the risks? What are the choices?. J Am Med Assoc 1993; 269: 1975–80
- Evans D GR, Ribiero G, Warrell D, Donnai D. Ovarian cancer family and prophylactic choices. J Med Genet 1992; 29: 416–8
- Tobachman J K, Green M H, Tucker M A, Costa J, Kase R, Fraumeni J F, Jr. Intra-abdominal carcinomatosis after prophylactic oophorectomy in ovarian cancer-prone families. Lancet 1982; 2: 795–7
- Piver M S, Jishi M F, Tsukada Y, Nava G. Primary peritoneal carcinoma after prophylactic oophorectomy in women with a family history of ovarian cancer. Cancer 1993; 71: 2751–5