Molecular Mechanisms of Antiasthma Therapy

References

• Barnes P J. New drugs for asthma. Eur Respir J 1992; 5: 1126–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nijkamp F P, Engels F, Henricks P AJ, van Oosterhout A JM. Mechanisms of β-adrenergic receptor regulation in lung and its implication for physiological responses. Physiol Rev 1992; 72: 323–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carstairs J R, Nimmo A J, Barnes P J. Autoradiographic visualization of beta-adrenoceptor subtype in human lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 132: 541–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamid Q A, Mak J C, Sheppard M N, Corrin B, Venter J C, Barnes P J. Localization of beta2-adrenoceptor messenger RNA in human and rat lung using in situ hybridization: correlation with receptor autoradiography. Eur J Pharmacol 1991; 206: 133–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones T R, Charette L, Garcia M L, Kaczorowski G J. Interaction of iberiotoxin with β-adrenoceptor agonists and sodium nitroprusside on guinea pig trachea. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74: 1879–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miura M, Beivisi M G, Stretton C D, Yacoub M H, Barnes P J. Role of potassium channels in bronchodilator responses in human airways. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 132–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kume H, Hall I P, Washabau R J, Takagi K, Kotlikoff M I. β-adrenergic agonists regulate K8. Torphy, TJβ-adrenoceptors, cAMP and airway smooth muscle relaxation: challenges to the dogma. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1994; 15: 370–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor B J, Aikman S L, Barnes P J. Tolerance to the non-bronchodilator effects of inhaled β10. Nishikawa, M Mak, JCW Shirasaki, H Barnes, PJDifferential down-regulation of pulmonary β and β11. Nishikawa, M Mak, JCW Shirasaki, H Harding, SE Barnes, PJLong term exposure to norepinephrine results in down-regulation and reduced mRNA expression of pulmonary β-adrenergic receptors in guinea pigs. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994; 10: 91–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mak J CW, Nishikawa M, Barnes P J. Glucocorticosteroids increase β13. Nishikawa, M Shirasaki, M Mak, JW Barnes, PJProtective effects of dexamethasone on isoproterenol-induced down-regulation of pulmonary β14. Barnes, PJ Pedersen, S Efficacy and safety of inhaled steroids in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: S1–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barnes P J. Inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 868–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beato M. Gene regulation by steroid hormones. Cell 1989; 56: 335–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes P J. Cytokines as mediators of chronic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150: S42–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adcock I M, Shirasaki H, Gelder C M, Peters M J, Brown C R, Barnes P J. The effects of glucocorticoids on phorbol ester and cytokine stimulated transcripotion factor activation in human lung. Life Sci 1994; 55: 1147–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adcock I M, Brown C R, Gelder C M, Shirasaki H, Peters M J, Barnes P J. The effects of glucocorticoids on transcription factor activation in human peripheral blood monoclucear cells. Am J Physiol 1995; 37: C331–8
   Google Scholar
• Barnes P J, Adcock I M. Anti-inflammatory actions of steroids: molecular mechanisms. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1993; 14: 436–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cypcar D, Busse W W. Steroid-resistant asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 92: 362–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adcock I M, Lane S J, Brown C A, Peters M J, Lee T H, Barnes P J. Differences in binding of glucocorticoid receptor to DNA in steroid-resistant asthma. J Immunol 1995; 154: 3500–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamid Q, Springall O R, Riveros-Moreno V, et al. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in asthma. Lancet 1993; 342: 1510–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins R A, Barnes P J, Springall D R, et al. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human bronchial epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 203: 209–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharitonov S A, Yates D, Robbins R A, Logan-Sinclair R, Shinebourne E, Barnes P J. Increased nitric oxide in exhaled air of asthmatic patients. Lancet 1994; 343: 133–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell J A, Beivisi M G, Akarasereemom P, et al. Induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 by cytokines in human pulmonary epithelial cells: regulation by dexamethasone. Br J Pharmacol 1994; 113: 1008–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes P J, Chung K F. Questions about inhaled β28. Peters, MJ Adcock, IM Brown, CR Barnes, PJβ-agonist inhibition of steroid-receptor DNA binding activity in human lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147: A772
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peters M J, Adcock I M, Brown C R, Barnes P J. β-adrenoceptor agonists interfere with glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding in rat lung. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 289: 275–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes P J, Pauwels R A. Theophylline in asthma: time for reappraisal?. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 579–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidney J, Dominguez M, Taylor P M, Rose M, Chung K F, Barnes P J. Immunomodulation by theophylline in asthma: demonstration by withdrawal of therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995, (in press)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beavo J A, Reifsnyder D H. Primary sequence of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes and the design of selective inhibitors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1990; 11: 150–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giembycz M A. Could selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors render bronchodilator therapy redundant in the treatment of bronchial asthma?. Biochem Pharmacol 1992; 43: 2041–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linden J. Cloned adenosine A3 receptors: pharmacological properties, species differences and receptor functions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1994; 15: 298–306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson C GA. Development of safer xanthine drugs for the treatment of obstructive airways disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986; 78: 817–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar