Polymerase chain reaction in the detection of microbes in amniotic fluid

References

• Nazir M A, Pankuch G A, Botti J J, Appelbaum P C. Antibacterial activity of amniotic fluid in the early third trimester. Am J Perinat 1987; 4: 59–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levcn M, Goossens H. Relevance of nucleic acid amplification techniques for diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in the clinical laboratory. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10: 242–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podzorski R P, Persing D. PCR: the next decade. Clin Microbiol Newsletter 1993; 15: 137–44
   Google Scholar
• Newton E R. Chorioamnionitis and intra-amniotic infection. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993; 36: 795–808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Sirtori M, Oyarzun E, et al. Infection and labor. V. Prevalence, microbiology, and clinical significance of intra-amniotic infection in women with preterm labor and intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 817–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs R S, Romero R, Hillier S L, Eschenbach D A, Sweet R L. A review of premature birth and subclinical infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1515–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez R, Romero R, Edwin S S, David C. Pathogenesis of preterm labor and preterm rupture of membranes associated with intraamniotic infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997; 11(1)135–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlatnik F J, Gellhaus T M, Benda J A, Koontz F P, Burmeister L F. Histologic chorioamnionitis, microbial infection and prematurity. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 76: 355–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Ghidini A, Mazor M, Behnke E. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in premature rupture of membranes. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1991; 34: 4, 769–78
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier D W, Meyer W J, Bieniarz A. Correlation of amniotic fluid glucose concentration and intra-amniotic infection in patients with preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 1105–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whicher J T, Evans S, Cytokines W. in disease. Clin Chem 1990; 36: 1269–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockwood C J. Recent advances in elucidating the pathogenesis of preterm delivery, the detection of patients at risk, and preventative therapies. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1994; 6: 7–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero R, Mazor M, Sepulveda W, Avila C, Copeland D, Williams J. Tumor necrosis factor in preterm and term labor. Am] Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1576–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saiki R K, Scharf S, Faloona F. ct al. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 1985; 230: 1350–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwok S, Mack D H, Mullis K B, et al. Identification of human immunodeficiency virus sequences by using in vitro enzymatic amplification and oligomer cleavage detection. J Virol 1987; 61: 1690–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt B L. PCR in laboratory diagnosis of human Borrelia burgdorferi infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10: 185–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland S M, Gaydos C A, Quinn T C. Detection and differentiation of Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae by DNA amplification. J Infect Dis 1990; 162: 984–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitt J A, Filice G A. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii parasitemia by gene amplification, cell culture and mouse inoculation. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 3181–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haff L A. Improved quantitative PCR using nested primers. PCR Methods Applic 1994; 3: 332–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orou A, Fechner B, Menzel H-J, Uteman G. Automatic-separation of two PCRs in one tube by annealing temperature. Trends Genet 1995; 11: 127–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissburg W G, Barns S M, Pelletier D A, Lane D J. 16 S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 1991; 173: 697–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Relman D A. Universal bacterial 16S rDNA amplicification and sequencing. Diagnostic Molecular Microbiology: Principles and Applications, DH Persing, TF Smith, FC Tenover, TJ White. American Society for Microbiology. 1993
   Google Scholar
• Amann R I, Ludwig W, Schleifer K H. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbiol Rev 1995; 59: 143–69
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Relman D A, Schmidt T M, Mac Dermott R P, Falkow S. Identification of the uncultured bacillus of Whipple's disease. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 293–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Relman D A, Loutit J S, Schmidt T M, Falkow S. The agent of bacillary angiomatosis. An approach to the identification of uncultured pathogens. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1573–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane D J, Pace B, Olsen G J, Stahl D A, Sogin M L, Pace N R. Rapid determination of 16 S ribosomal RNA sequences for phylogenetic analyses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82: 6955–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saiki R K, Gelfand D H, Stoffel S, et al. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 1988; 239: 487–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitch W M, Smith T F. Optimal sequence alignments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 1382–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen G J, Larsen N, Woese C R. The ribosomal RNA database project. Nucl Acid Res 1991; 19(Suppl)2017–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava J, Mäntymaa M, et al. Bacterial 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction in the detection of intra-amniotic infection. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 103: 664–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hitti J, Riley D E, Krohn M A, et al. Broad-spectrum bacterial rDNA polymerase chains reaction assay for detecting amniotic fluid infection among women in premature labor. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 1228–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leidtke W, Opalka B, Zimmerman C W, Schmidt E. Different methods of sample preparation influence sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Borrelia burgdorferi PCR. PCR Methods Applic 1994; 301–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yow M D. Congenital cytomegalovirus disease: a NOW problem. J Infect Dis 1989; 159: 163–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stagno S, Pass R, Cloud G, et al. Primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: incidence, transmission to fetus and clinical outcome. JAMA 1986; 256: 1904–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stagno S, Whitley R. Herpesvirus infections of pregnancy. Part I. Cytomegalovirus and Ebstein-Barr virus infections. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1270–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerna G, Revello M G, Percivalle E, Morini F. Comparison of different immunostaining techniques and monoclonal antibodies to the lower matrix phosphoprotein for optimal quantitation of human cytomegalovirus antigenemia. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30: 1232–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donner C, Liesnard C, Content Busine A, Aderca J, Rodesch F. Prenatal diagnosis of 52 pregnancies at risk for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82: 481–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolini U, Kusterman A, Tassis B, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection. Prenat Diagn 1994; 14: 903–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revello M G, Baldanti F, Furione M, et al. Polymerase chain reaction for prenatal diagnosis of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection. J Med Virol 1995; 47: 462–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy R, Najioullah F, Thouvenot D, Bosshard S, Aymard M, Lina B. Evaluation and comparison of PCR and hybridization methods for rapid detection of cytomegalovirus in clinical samples. J Virol Methods 1996; 62: 103–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch W C, Adler S P. Human parvovirus B 19 infections in women of childbearing age and within families. Pediatr Infect Dis 1989; 8: 83–7
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie S M, Cartter M L, Asch S, et al. Occupational risk of human parvovirus B 19 infection for school and day-care personnel during an outbreak of erythema infectiosum. JAMA 1990; 263: 2061–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prospective study of human parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy. Public Health Laboratory Service Working Party on Fifth Disease. BMJ 1990; 300: 1166–70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fairley C K, Smoleniec J S, Caul O E, Miller E. Observational study of effect of intrauterine transfusions on outcome of fetal hydrops after parvovirus B19 infection. Lancet 1995; 346: 1335–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naides S J, Weiner C P. Antenatal diagnosis and palliative treatment of nonimmune hydrops fetalis secondary to fetal parvovirus B 19 infection. Prenat Diagn 1989; 9: 105–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clewley J P, Cohen B J, Field A M. Detection of parvovirus B 19 DNA, antigen and particles in the human fetus. J Med Virol 1987; 23: 367–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson M J, Jones S E, Minson A C. Diagnosis of human parvovirus infection by dot-blot hybridization using cloned viral DNA. J Med Virol 1985; 15: 163–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zerbini M, Musiani M, Gentilomi G, Venturoli S, Gallinella G, Morandi R. Comparative evaluation of virological and serological methods in prenatal diagnosis of parvovirus B 19 fetal hydrops. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 603–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torok T J, Wang Q Y, Gary W G, Yang C F, Finch T M, Anderson L J. Prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine infection with parvovirus B 19 by the polymerase chain technique. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: 149–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamakawa Y, Oka H, Hori S, Arai T, Izumi R. Detection of human parvovirus B 19 DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 86: 126–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lecuru F, Taurelle R, Bernard J P, et al. Varicella zoster virus infection during pregnancy: the limits of prenatal diagnosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1994; 56: 67–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosma T J, Corbett K M, Eckstein M B, et al. Use of PCR for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of congenital rubella. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 2881–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cone R W, Hobson A C, Brown Z A, et al. Frequent detection of genital herpes simplex virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction among pregnant women. JAMA 1994; 272: 792–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boggess K A, Watts D H, Hobson A C, Ashley R L, Brown Z A, Corey L. Herpes simplex virus type 2 detection by culture and polymerase chain reaction and relationship to genital symptoms and cervical antibody status during the third trimester of pregnancy. Am. J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176: 443–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cone R W, Hobson A C, Palmer J, Remington M, Corey L. Extended duration of herpes simplex virus DNA in genital lesions detected by the polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis 1991; 164: 757–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puchhammer-Stockl E, Heinz F X, Kundi M, et al. Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 146–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lappalainen M, Koskela P, Koskiniemi M, et al. Toxoplasmosis aquired during pregnancy: improved serodiagnosis based on avidity of IgG. J Infect Dis 1993; 167: 691–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alger L S. Toxoplasmosis and parvovirus B 19. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997; 11: 55–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derouin F, Mazeron M C, Garin Y JF. Comparative study of tissue culture and mouse inoculation methods for demonstration of Toxoplasma gondii. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25: 1597–600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desmonts G, Daffos F, Forestier F, Capella Pavlovsky M, Thulliez P, Chartier M. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Lancet 1985; i: 500–4
   Google Scholar
• Savva D, Morris J C, Johnson J D, Holliman R E. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Toxoplasma gondii. J Med Microbiol 1990; 32: 25–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover C M, Thulliez P, Remington J S, Boothroyd J C. Rapid prenatal diagnosis of congenital Toxoplasma infection by using polymerase chain reaction and amniotic fluid. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 2297–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ven E, Melchers W, Galama J, Camps W, Meuwissen J. Identification of Toxoplasma gondii infections by Bl gene amplification. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 2120–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohlfeld P, Daffos F, Costa J-M, Thulliez P, Forestier F, Vidaud M. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with a polymerase chain reaction test on amniotic fluid. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 695–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazenave J, Forestier F, Bessieres M H, Broussin B, Begueret J. Contribution of a new PCR assay to the prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Prenat Diagn 1992; 12: 119–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guay J M, Dubois D, Morency M J, Gagnon S, Mercier J, Levesque R C. Detection of pathogenic parasite Toxoplasma gondii by specific amplification of ribosomal sequences using comultiplex polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 203–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar