Oesophageal acid exposure: higher in Barrett's oesophagus than in reflux oesophagitis

References

• Bremner C G, Lynch V P, Ellis F H. Barrett's esophagus: congenital or acquired? An experimental study of esophageal mucosal regeneration in the dog. Surgery 1978; 68: 209–16
   Google Scholar
• Stein H J, Siewert J R. Barrett's esophagus: pathogenesis, epidemiology, functional abnormalities, malignant degeneration, and surgical management. Dysphagia 1993; 8: 276–88
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skinner D B, Walther B C, Riddell R H, Schmidt H, Iascone C, DeMeester T R. Barrett's esophagus. Comparison of benign and malignant cases. Ann Surg 1983; 198: 554–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnell T G, Sontag S J, Chejfec G. Adenocarcinomas arising in tongues of short segments of Barrett's esophagus. Dig Di5 Sci 1992; 37: 137–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salo J A, Kivilaakso E O, Kiviluoto T A, Virtanen I O. Cytokeratin profile suggests metaplastic epithelial transformation in Barrett's esophagus. Ann Med 1996; 28: 305–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillen P, Keeling P, Byrne P J, West A B, Hennessy T PJ. Experimental columnar metaplasia in the canine esophagus. Br J Surg 1988; 75: 113–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMeester T R, Johnson L F. The evaluation of objective measurements of gastroesophageal reflux and their contribution to patient management. Surg Clin North Am 1976; 56: 39–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs K H, De Meester T R, Albertucci M. Specificity and sensitivity of objective diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surgery 1987; 102: 575–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savary M, Miller G. The esophagus. Handbook and Atlas of Endoscopy. Verlag Gassman, SolothurnSwitzerland 1978; 119–66
   Google Scholar
• Marks I N, Young G O, Winter T, Louw J A, Zak J, Johnston D A, et al. Duration of acid inhibition after withdrawal of omeprazole treatment in DU patients in remission. S Afr Med J 1992; 82: 42A
   Google Scholar
• Salminen J T, Salo J A, Tuominen J A, Röamö O J, Färkkilä M, Mattila S P. pH-metric analysis after successful antireflux surgery: comparison of 24-hour pH profiles in patients undergoing floppy fundoplication or Roux-en-Y duodenal diversion. J Gastrointest Surg 1997; 1: 494–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeMeester T R, Wang C I, Wernly J A, Pellegrini C A, Little A G, Klementschitsch P, et al. Technique, indications, and clinical use of 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980; 79: 656–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attwood S EA, De Meester T R, Bremner C G, Barlow A P, Hinder R A. Alkaline gastroesophageal reflux: implications in the development of complications in Barrett's columnar-lined lower esophagus. Surgery 1989; 106: 764–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein H J, Hoeft S, DeMeester T R. Reflux and motility pattern in Barrett's esophagus. Dis Esophagus 1992; 5: 21–8
   Google Scholar
• Iascone C, De Meester T R, Little A G, Skinner D B. Barrett's esophagus: functional assessment, proposed pathogenesis, and surgical therapy. Arch Surg 1983; 118: 543–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillen P, Keeling P, Byrne P J, Hennessy T PJ. Barrett's esophagus: pH profile. Br J Surg 1987; 74: 774–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stein H J, Barlow A P, De Meester T R, Hinder R A. Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Role of the lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal acid and acid/alkaline exposure, and duodenogastric reflux. Ann Surg 1992; 216: 35–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Onofrio V, Bovero E, Iaquinto G. Characterization of acid and alkaline reflux in patients with Barrett's esophagus G.O.S.P.E. Operative Group for the Study of Esophageal Precancer. Dis Esoph 1997; 10: 16–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iftikhar S Y, Ledingham S, Evans D F, Yusuf S W, Steele R J, Atkinson M, et al. Alkaline gastroesophageal reflux: dual probe pH monitoring. Gut 1995; 37: 465–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salo J A, Kivilaakso E. Role of luminal H' in the pathogenesis of experimental esophagitis. Surgery 1982; 92: 61–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner R M, Crookes P F, De Meester T R, Peters J H, Stein H J. Concentration of refluxed acid and esophageal mucosal injury. Am J Surg 1992; 164: 522–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotley D C, Morgan A P, Ball D, Owen R W, Cooper M J. Composition of gastro-esophageal refluxate. Gut 1991; 32: 1093–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salo J A, Kivilaakso E. Role of bile salts and trypsin in the pathogenesis of experimental alkaline esophagitis. Surgery 1983; 93: 525–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillen P, Keeling P, Byrne P J, Healy M, O'Moore R R, Hennessy T PJ. Implication of duodenogastric reflux in the pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus. Br J Surg 1988; 75: 540–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers R L, Orlando R C. In vivo bicarbonate secretion by human esophagus. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 1174–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S, Bradley L A, Richter J E. Determinants of oesophageal ‘alkaline’ pH environment in controls and patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 1993; 34: 309–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjoberg F, Gustafsson U, Tibbling L. Alkaline oesophageal reflux - an artefact due to oxygen corrosion of antimony pH electrodes. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992; 27: 1084–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaezi M F, Richter J E. Bile reflux in columnar-lined esophagus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1997; 26: 565–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenut J P, Yaffe C S. Ambulatory esophageal pH testing. Referral patterns, indication, and treatment in a Canadian teaching hospital. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41: 1102–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaninotto G, De Meester T R, Schwizer W, Johansson K-E, Shih-Chuan C. The lower esophageal sphincter in health and disease. Am J Surg 1988; 155: 104–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittal R K, Holloway R H, Penagini R, Blackshaw L A, Dent J. Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Gastroenterology 1995; 109: 601–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzka D A, Paoletti V, Leite L, Castell D O. Prolonged ambulatory pH monitoring in patients with persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: testing while on therapy identifies the need for more aggressive anti-reflux therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 2110–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luostarinen M, Isolauri J, Laitinen J. Fate of Nissen fundoplication after 20 years. A clinical, endoscopical, and functional analysis. Gut 1993; 34: 1015–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar