Correlation of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis with extracranial carotid and intracranial cerebral artery atherosclerosis in patients with ischemic stroke

References

• Li Xi, Gao Yan, Li Jing, Feng Fang, Liu Jia-Min, Zhang Hai-Bo, et al. Underuse of statins in patients with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke in China. Chin Med J. 2012;125:1703–1707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Röther J, Alberts MJ, Touzé E, Mas JL, Hill MD, Michel P, et al.; REACH Registry Investigators. Risk factor profile and management of cerebrovascular patients in the REACH Registry. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;25:366–374.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawarada O, Yokoi Y, Morioka N, Takemoto K. Renal artery stenosis in cardio-and cerebrovascular disease: Renal duplex ultrasonography as an initial screening examination. Circ J. 2007;71:1942–1947.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakamura S, Iihara K, Matayoshi T, Yasuda H, Yoshihara F, Kamide K, et al. The incidence and risk factors of renal artery stenosis in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis. Hypertens Res. 2007;30:839–844.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuroda S, Nishida N, Uzu T, Takeji M, Nishimura M, Fujii T, et al. Prevalence of renal artery stenosis in autopsy patients with stroke. Stroke. 2000;31:61–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dzielinska Z, Januszewicz A, Demkow M, Makowiecka-Ciesla M, Prejbisz A, Naruszewicz M, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease and coexisting renal artery stenosis. J Hypertens. 2007;25: 663–670.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Missouris CG, Papavassiliou MB, Khaw K, Hall T, Belli AM, Buckenham T, et al. High prevalence of carotid artery disease in patients with atheromatous renal artery stenosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998;13:945–948.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horita Y, Tadokoro M, Taura K, Mishima Y, Miyazaki M, Kohno S, Kawano Y. Relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in type 2 diabetes with hypertension. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2002;25:255–259.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Radermacher J, Chavan A, Schaffer J, Stoess B, Vitzthum A, Kliem V, et al. Detection of significant renal artery stenosis with color Doppler sonography: Combining extrarenal and intrarenal approaches to minimize technical failure. Clin Nephrol. 2000;53:333–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:445–453.
   Google Scholar
• Spyridopoulos TN, Kaziani K, Balanika AP, Kalokairinou-Motogna M, Bizimi V, Paianidi I, et al. Ultrasound as a first line screening tool for the detection of renal artery stenosis: A comprehensive review. Med Ultrason. 2010;12:228–232.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leiner T, de Haan MW, Nelemans PJ, van Engelshoven JM, Vasbinder GB. Contemporary imaging techniques for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. Eur Radiol. 2005;15: 2219–2229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen UB, Borglykke A, Jørgensen T, Andersen UB. Prevalence of renal artery stenosis in subjects with moderate hypertension. A population-based study. Blood Press. 2011;20:140–144.
   Google Scholar
• Bageacu S, Cerisier A, Isaaz K, Nourissat A, Barral X, Favre JP. Incidental visceral and renal artery stenosis in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;41:385–390.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ozkan U, Oguzkurt L, Tercan F, Nursal TZ. The prevalence and clinical predictors of incidental atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Eur J Radiol. 2009;69:550–554.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanemoto M, Saitoh H, Satoh F, Satoh H, Abe T, Ito S. Predictors of undiagnosed renal artery stenosis among Japanese patients with risk factors of atherosclerosis. Hypertens Res. 2005;28:237–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resch JA, Baker AB. Etiologic mechanisms in cerebral atherosclerosis. Preliminary study of 3,839 cases. Arch Neurol. 1964;10:617–628.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bae HJ, Yoon BW, Kang DW, Koo JS, Lee SH, Kim KB, et al. Correlation of coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis: Difference between extracranial and intracranial arteries. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;21:112–119.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uehara T, Tabuchi M, Mori E, Yamadori A. Evolving atherosclerosis at carotid and intracranial arteries in Japanese patients with ischemic heart disease: A 5-year longitudinal study with MR angiography. Eur J Neurol. 2003;10:507–512.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D’Armiento FP, Bianchi A, de Nigris F, Capuzzi DM, D’Armiento MR, Crimi G, et al. Age-related effects on atherogenesis and scavenger enzymes of intracranial and extracranial arteries in men without classic risk factors for atherosclerosis. Stroke. 2001;32:2472–2479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang O, Lee P, Yoon S, Lee M, Joo I, Huh K. Inflammatory markers, rather than conventional risk factors, are different between carotid and MCA atherosclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1128–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang OY. Intracranial atherosclerotic stroke: Specific focus on the metabolic syndrome and inflammation. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2006;8:330–336.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Mast Q, Beutler JJ. The prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in risk groups: A systematic literature review. J Hypertens. 2009;27:1333–1340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang JG, Hu D, Li T, Peng J, Yu H, Pang W, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor usage in patients with incidental atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Hypertens Res. 2004;27: 339–344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harding MB, Smith LR, Himmelstein SI, Harrison K, Phillips HR, Schwab SJ, et al. Renal artery stenosis: Prevalence and associated risk factors in patients undergoing routine cardiac catheterization. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992;2:1608–1616.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita T, Ito F, Iwakiri N, Mitsuyama H, Fujii S, Kitabatake A. Prevalence and predictors of renal artery stenosis in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Hypertens Res. 2002;25:553–557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakris GL, Weir MR. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated elevations in serum creatinine: Is this a cause for concern? Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:685–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar