284
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Viewpoint

Revisiting the prehypertension debate: Increasing evidence for treatment yet randomized clinical trials are lacking

, , &
Pages 340-343 | Published online: 02 May 2013

References

  • Kiely AE, Kwatra SG, Kwatra MM. Treating prehypertension: Medically sound and economically viable. Blood Press. 2009;18:300–303.
  • McInnes GT. Drug treatment of prehypertension: Not now, not ever?Blood Press. 2009;18:304–307.
  • Lee M, Saver JL, Chang B, Chang KH, Hao Q, Ovbiagele B. Presence of baseline prehypertension and risk of incident stroke: A meta-analysis. Neurology. 2011;77: 1330–1337.
  • Ninomiya T, Ohara T, Hirakawa Y, Yoshida D, Doi Y, Hata J, et al. Midlife and late-life blood pressure and dementia in Japanese elderly: The Hisayama study. Hypertension. 2011; 58:22–28.
  • Launer LJ, Hughes T, Yu B, Masaki K, Petrovitch H, Ross GW, et al. Lowering midlife levels of systolic blood pressure as a public health strategy to reduce late-life dementia: Perspective from the Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu Asia Aging Study. Hypertension. 2010;55:1352–1359.
  • Qiu C, Hu G, Kivipelto M, Laatikainen T, Antikainen R, Fratiglioni L, et al. Association of blood pressure and hypertension with the risk of Parkinson disease: The National FINRISK Study. Hypertension. 2011;57:1094–1100.
  • Hsu CC, Brancati FL, Astor BC, Kao WH, Steffes MW, Folsom AR, et al. Blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and albuminuria in 10,113 participants in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. J Hypertens. 2009;27:397–409.
  • Crews DC, Plantinga LC, Miller ER, 3rd, Saran R, Hedgeman E, Saydah SH, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in persons with undiagnosed or prehypertension in the United States. Hypertension. 2010;55:1102–1109.
  • Yano Y, Fujimoto S, Sato Y, Konta T, Iseki K, Moriyama T, et al. Association between prehypertension and chronic kidney disease in the Japanese general population. Kidney Int. 2012; 81:293–299.
  • Mullican DR, Lorenzo C, Haffner SM. Is prehypertension a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes?Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1870–1872.
  • Kramer CK, von Muhlen D, Barrett-Connor E. Mid-life blood pressure levels and the 8-year incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Rancho Bernardo Study. J Hum Hypertens. 2010;24:519–524.
  • Wang TJ, Larson MG, Levy D, Vasan RS, Leip EP, Wolf PA, et al. Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2003;107: 2920–2925.
  • Kirchhof P, Auricchio A, Bax J, Crijns H, Camm J, Diener HC, et al. Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:2803–2817.
  • Ringborg A, Nieuwlaat R, Lindgren P, Jonsson B, Fidan D, Maggioni AP, et al. Costs of atrial fibrillation in five European countries: Results from the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2008;10:403–411.
  • Miyasaka Y, Barnes ME, Gersh BJ, Cha SS, Bailey KR, Abhayaratna WP, et al. Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota,1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence.Circulation.2006;114:119–125.
  • Krahn AD, Manfreda J, Tate RB, Mathewson FA, Cuddy TE. The natural history of atrial fibrillation: Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study. Am J Med. 1995;98:476–484.
  • Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: Population-based estimates. Am J Cardiol. 1998; 82:2N–9N.
  • Tveit A, Grundvold I, Olufsen M, Seljeflot I, Abdelnoor M, Arnesen H, et al. Candesartan in the prevention of relapsing atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. 2007;120:85–91.
  • Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Schotten U, Savelieva I, Ernst S, et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: The Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Europace. 2010;12:1360–1420.
  • Smith JG, Newton-Cheh C, Almgren P, Struck J, Morgenthaler NG, Bergmann A, et al. Assessment of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and multiple biomarkers for the prediction of incident heart failure and atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:1712–1719.
  • Benjamin EJ, Chen PS, Bild DE, Mascette AM, Albert CM, Alonso A, et al. Prevention of atrial fibrillation: Report from a national heart, lung, and blood institute workshop. Circulation. 2009;119:606–618.
  • Grundvold I, Skretteberg PT, Liestol K, Erikssen G, Kjeldsen SE, Arnesen H, et al. Upper normal blood pressures predict incident atrial fibrillation in healthy middle-aged men: A 35-year follow-up study. Hypertension. 2012;59:198–204.
  • Conen D, Tedrow UB, Koplan BA, Glynn RJ, Buring JE, Albert CM. Influence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women. Circulation. 2009;119:2146–2152.
  • Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM, Weber MA, Michelson EL, Kaciroti N, et al. Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Engl J Med. 2006;354: 1685–1697.
  • Luders S, Schrader J, Berger J, Unger T, Zidek W, Bohm M, et al. The PHARAO study: Prevention of hypertension with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in patients with high-normal blood pressure: A prospective, randomized, controlled prevention trial of the German Hypertension League. J Hypertens. 2008;26:1487–1496.
  • Kwatra SG, Kiely AE, Kwatra MM. Prehypertension: To treat or not to treat should no longer be the question. Hypertension. 2012;59: e27; author reply e8.
  • Sipahi I, Swaminathan A, Natesan V, Debanne SM, Simon DI, Fang JC. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on incident stroke in cohorts with prehypertensive blood pressure levels: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke. 2012; 43:432–440.
  • Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Moreira LB, Gus M, Nobrega AC, Poli-de-Figueiredo CE, et al. Prevention of hypertension in patients with pre-hypertension: Protocol for the PREVER-prevention trial. Trials. 2011;12:65.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.