Left atrial enlargement and right ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension

References

• Ruilope LM, Schmieder RE. Left ventricular hypertrophy and clinical outcomes in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens. 2008;21:500–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diez J, Frohlich E. A translational approach to hypertensive heart disease. Hypertension. 2010;55:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raman SV. The hypertensive heart. An integrated understanding informed by imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55: 91–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmieder R. The role of non-haemodynamic factors of the genesis of LVH. Nephron Dial Transplant. 2005;20:20–23.
   Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Ciulla M, Zanchetti A. Hypertensive myocardial fibrosis. Nephron Dial Transplant. 2006;21:2610–2612
   Google Scholar
• Frohlich E, Gonzales A, Diez J. Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy risk: Beyond adaptive cardiomyocytic hypertrophy. J Hypertens. 2011;29:17–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cioffi G, Mureddu GF, Stefenelli C, de Simone G. Relationship between left ventricular geometry and left atrial size and function in patients with systemic hypertension. J Hypertens. 2004;22:1589–1596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerdts E, Oikarinen L, Palmieri V, Otterstad JE, Wachtell K, Boman K, Dahlof B, Devereux RB. Correlates of left atrial size in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Hypertension. 2002;39:739–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Meani S, Fusi V, Valerio C, Catini E, Sala C, Sampieri L, Magrini F, Zanchetti A. Prevalence and correlates of left atrial enlargement in essential hypertension: Role of ventricular geometry and the metabolic syndrome. J Hypertens. 2005;23:875–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goncalvesova E, Luknar M, Lesny P. ECG signs of right ventricular hypertrophy may help to distinguish pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary hypertension due to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2011; 112:614–618.
   Google Scholar
• Thenappan T, Shah SJ, Gomberg-Maitland M, Collander B, Vallakati A, Shroff P, Rich S. Clinical characteristics of pulmonary hypertension in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Circ Heart Fail. 2011;4: 257–265.
   Google Scholar
• Pedrinelli R, Dell’Omo G, Talini E, Canale ML, Di Bello V. Systemic hypertension and the right-sided cardiovascular system: A review of the available evidence. J Cardiovasc Med. 2009;10:115–121.
   Google Scholar
• Cicala S, Galderisi M, Caso P, Petrocelli A, D’Errico A, de Divitiis O, Calabrò R. Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in arterial systemic hypertension: Analysis by pulsed tissue Doppler. Eur J Echocardiography. 2001;3:135–142.
   Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Negri F, Giudici V, Valerio C, Meani S, Sala C, et al. Prevalence and correlates of right ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 2009;27: 854–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devereux RB, Reichek N. Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man. Anatomic validation of the method. Circulation. 1977;55:613–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Simone G, Devereux RB, Daniels SR, Koren MJ, Meyer RA, Laragh JH. Effect of growth on variability of left ventricular mass; Assessment of allometric signals in adults and children and their capacity to predict cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:1056–1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, et al; Chamber Quantification Writing Group; American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee; European Association of Echocardiography. Recommendations for chamber quantification: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18:1440–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Simone G, Devereux RB, Roman MJ, Ganau A, Saba PS, Alderman MN, Laragh JH. Assessment of left ventricular function by the midwall fractional shortening/end-systolic stress relation in human hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:1444–1451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Valerio C, Sala C, Negri F, Esposito A, Masaidi M, et al. Metabolic syndrome and biventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2009;23:168–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Meani S, Fusi V, Valerio C, Catini E, Sala C, et al. Prevalence and correlates of left atrial enlargement in essential hypertension: Role of ventricular geometry and the metabolic syndrome. J Hypertens. 2005;23:875–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottdiener JS, Gay JA, Maron BJ, Flectcher RD. Increased right ventricular pressure overload: Echocardiographic determination of hypertrophic response of the “nonstressed” ventricle. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;6:550–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Sala C, Muiesan ML, De Luca N, Schillaci G. Right ventricular hypertrophy in systemic hypertension: An updated review of clinical studies. J Hypertens. 2013; in press.
   Google Scholar
• Mirsky I, Laks M. Time course of changes in the mechanical properties of the canine right and left ventricle during hypertrophy caused by pressure over-load. Circ Res. 1980;46: 530–542.
   Google Scholar
• Guazzi MD, De Cesare N, Fiorentini C, Galli C, Montorsi P, Pepi M, Tamborini G. Pulmonary vascular super-sensitivity to catecholamines in systemic high blood pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:1137–1144.
   Google Scholar
• Ventetuolo CE, Lima JA, Barr RG, Bristow MR, Bagiella E, Chahal H, et al. The renin–angiotensin system and the right ventricular structure and function: The MESA-Right Ventricle Study. Pulm Circ. 2012;2:379–386.
   Google Scholar
• Jurcut R,Giusca S, La Gerche A, Vasile S, Ginghina C, Voigt JU. The echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle: What to do in. 2010?Eur J Echocardiogr. 2010; 11:81–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Rescaldani M, Sala C. Prevalence of echocardiographic left atrial enlargement in hypertension: A systematic review of recent clinical studies. Am J Hypertens. 2013 Feb 6. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Tadic MV, Ivanovic VA, Celic VP. Does nondipping impact on right ventricle in hypertensive patients ?. Blood Press Monit. 2012;17:47–54.
   Google Scholar
• Kizer JR, Bella JN, Palmieri V, Liu JE, Best LG, Lee ET, et al. Left atrial diameter as an independent predictor of first cardiovascular events in middle-aged and elderly adults: The Strong Heart Study (SHS). Am Heart J. 2006;151:412–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar