Hypertension-associated hospitalizations and costs in the United States, 1979–2006

References

• Fields LE, Burt VL, Cutler JA, Hughes J, Roccella EJ, Sorlie P. The burden of adult hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: A rising tide. Hypertension. 2004;44: 398–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostchega Y, Yoon SS, Hughes J, Louis T. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control – continued disparities in adults: United States, 2005–2006. NCHS Data Brief. 2008;1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289:2560–2572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: Principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet. 1998;351:1755–1762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, Short-term reductions in blood pressure: Overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiologic context. Lancet. 1990;335: 827–838.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Psaty BM, Smith NL, Siscovick DS, et al. Health outcomes associated with antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 1997; 277:739–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang J, Keenan NL, Ayala C. Health care services provided during physician office visits for hypertension – differences by specialty. J Clin Hypertens. 2010;12:89–95.
   Google Scholar
• Fang J, Alderman MH, Keenan NL, Ayala C, Croft JB. Hypertension control at physicians’ offices in the United States. Am J Hypertens. 2008;21:136–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann BM, Cienki JJ, Cline DM, Egging D, Lehrmann JF, Tanabe P. Evaluation, management, and referral of elderly emergency department patients with elevated blood pressure. Blood Press Monit. 2009;14:251–256.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fang J, Alderman MH, Keenan NL, Ayala C. Acute myocardial infarction hospitalization in the United States, 1979 to 2005. Am J Med. 2010;123:259–266.
   Google Scholar
• Fang J, Mensah GA, Croft JB, Keenan NL. Heart failure-related hospitalization in the U.S., 1979 to 2004. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:428–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohan S, Campbell NR. Hypertension management in Canada: Good news, but important challenges remain. CMAJ. 2008;178:1458–1460.
   Google Scholar
• Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global burden of disease study. Lancet. 1997;349:1436–1442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Banegas JR, et al. Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA. 2003;289:2363–2369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang G, Zhang Z, Ayala C. Hospitalization costs associated with hypertension as a secondary diagnosis among insured patients aged 18–64 years. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23:275–281.
   Google Scholar
• Wolff JL, Starfield B, Anderson G. Prevalence, expenditures, and complications of multiple chronic conditions in the elderly. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:2269–2276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgson TA, Cai L. Medical care expenditures for hypertension, its complications, and its comorbidities. Med Care. 2001;39:599–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balu S, Thomas J 3rd. Incremental expenditure of treating hypertension in the United States. Am J Hypertens. 2006; 19:810–816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trogdon JG, Finkelstein EA, Nwaise IA, Tanka FK, Orenstein D. The economic burden of chronic cardiovascular disease for major insurers. Health Promot Pract. 2007;8:234–242.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dennison C, Pokras R. Design and operation of the National Hospital Discharge Survey: 1988 redesign. Vital Health Stat. 2000;1:1–42.
   Google Scholar
• Kozak LJ. Underreporting of Race in the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Adv Data 1995 (265), National Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat. 1996;16:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1990. 110th ed. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• US Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2010. 130th ed. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Saka O, McGuire A, Wolfe C. Cost of stroke in the United Kingdom. Age Aging. 2009;38:27–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang G, Dietz WH. Economic burden of obesity in youths aged 6 to 17 years: 1979–1999. Pediatrics. 2002;109:E81–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linjer E, Jornmark J, Hedner T, Jonsson B; The Stop Hypertension-2 Group. Predictors for high costs of hospital care in elderly hypertensive patients. Blood Press. 2006;15:245–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A New method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40: 373–383.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:613–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Hoore W, Bouckaert A, Tilquin C. Practical considerations on the use of the Charlson Comorbidity Index with administrative data bases. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49:1429–1433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan BM, Zhao Y, Axon RN. US trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988–2008. JAMA. 2010;303:2043–2050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caminal J, Starfield B, Sanchez E, Casanova C, Morales M. The role of primary care in preventing ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Eur J Public Health. 2004;14:246–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Mähönen M, Tolonen H, Ruokokoski E, Amouyel P. Contribution of trends in survival and coronary-event rates to changes in coronary heart disease mortality: 10-year results from 37 WHO MONICA Project populations. Lancet. 1999;353:1547–1557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown T, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2010 update: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2010;121:e1–e170.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levi F, Chatenoud L, Bertuccio P, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Europe and other areas of the world: An update. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009;16:333–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber Y, Jacobsen SJ, Frye RL, Weston SA, Killian JM, Roger VL. Secular trends in deaths from cardiovascular diseases: A 25-year community study. Circulation. 2006;113: 2285–2292.
   Google Scholar
• Ayala C, Croft JB, Wattigney WA, Mensah GA. Trends in hypertension-related death in the United States: 1980–1998. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2004;6:675–681.
   Google Scholar
• Kozak LJ, DeFrances CJ, Hall MJ. National Hospital Discharge Survey: 2004 annual summary with detailed diagnosis and procedure data. Vital Health Stat. 2006;13:1–209.
   Google Scholar