References
- Breslow RE, Klinger BI, Erickson BJ. Acute intoxication and substance abuse among patients presenting to a psychiatric emergency service. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1996;18:183–91.
- Caton CL, Drake RE, Hasin DS, Dominguez B, Shrout PE, Samet S, . Differences between early-phase primary psychotic disorders with concurrent substance use and substance-induced psychoses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:137–45.
- Schuckit MA, Tipp JE, Bergman M, Reich W, Hesselbrock VM, Smith TL. Comparison of induced and independent major depressive disorders in 2,945 alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154: 948–57.
- RachBeisel J, Dixon L, Gearon J. Awareness of substance abuse problems among dually-diagnosed psychiatric inpatients. J Psychoactive Drugs 1999;31:53–7.
- Bonsack C, Camus D, Kaufmann N, Aubert AC, Besson J, Baumann P, . Prevalence of substance use in a Swiss psychiatric hospital: Interview reports and urine screening. Addict Behav 2006;31:1252–8.
- Brady K, Casto S, Lydiard RB, Malcolm R, Arana G. Substance abuse in an inpatient psychiatric sample. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1991;17:389–97.
- de Beaurepaire R, Lukasiewicz M, Beauverie P, Castera S, Dagorne O, Espaze R, . Comparison of self-reports and biological measures for alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs consumption in psychiatric inpatients. Eur Psychiatry 2007;22:540–8.
- Flovig JC, Vaaler AE, Morken G. Substance use at admission to an acute psychiatric department. Nord J Psychiatry 2009;63:113–9.
- Helseth V, Lykke-Enger T, Aamo TO, Johnsen J. [Drug screening among patients aged 17–40 admitted with psychosis]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2005;125:1178–80.
- Modestin J, Nussbaumer C, Angst K, Scheidegger P, Hell D. Use of potentially abusive psychotropic substances in psychiatric inpatients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997;247:146–53.
- Mordal J, Bramness JG, Holm B, Morland J. Drugs of abuse among acute psychiatric and medical admissions: Laboratory based identification of prevalence and drug influence. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2008;30:55–60.
- Priebe S, Liesenfeld O, Muller-Oerlinghausen B. Does routine screening for benzodiazepines help to diagnose dependence in psychiatric inpatients? Acta Psychiatr Scand 1989;80:514–7.
- Shaner A, Khalsa ME, Roberts L, Wilkins J, Anglin D, Hsieh SC. Unrecognized cocaine use among schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:758–62.
- Wilkins JN, Shaner AL, Patterson M, Setoda D, Gorelick D. Discrepancies between patient report, clinical assessment, and urine analysis in psychiatric patients during inpatient admission. Psychopharmacol Bull 1991;27:149–54.
- Bagoien G, Morken G, Zahlsen K, Aamo T, Spigset O. Evaluation of a urine on-site drugs of abuse screening test in patients admitted to a psychiatric emergency unit. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2009;29:248–54.
- Ruud T, Gråwe R, Hatling T. [Acute psychiatric treatment in Norway—Results from a multicenter study, Report from SINTEF Norway, 2006].
- Ries RK, Yuodelis-Flores C, Roy-Byrne PP, Nilssen O, Russo J. Addiction and suicidal behavior in acute psychiatric inpatients. Compr Psychiatry 2009;50:93–9.
- Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, Cohen J. The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;33:766–71.
- Pedersen G, Hagtvet KA, Karterud S. Generalizability studies of the Global Assessment of Functioning-Split version. Compr Psychiatry 2007;48:88–94.
- Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987;13:261–76.
- Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Rickels K, Uhlenhuth EH, Covi L. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): A self-report symptom inventory. Behav Sci 1974;19:1–15.
- Strand BH, Dalgard OS, Tambs K, Rognerud M. Measuring the mental health status of the Norwegian population: A comparison of the instruments SCL-25, SCL-10, SCL-5 and MHI-5 (SF-36). Nord J Psychiatry 2003;57:113–8.
- Saunders JB, Aasland OG, Babor TF, de la Fuente JR, Grant M. Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption—II. Addiction 1993;88:791–804.
- Berman AH, Bergman H, Palmstierna T, Schlyter F. Evaluation of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) in criminal justice and detoxification settings and in a Swedish population sample. Eur Addict Res 2005;11:22–31.
- Reinert DF, Allen JP. The alcohol use disorders identification test: An update of research findings. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007;31:185–99.
- Berman AH, Palmstierna T, Kallmen H, Bergman H. The self-report Drug Use Disorders Identification Test: Extended (DUDIT-E): Reliability, validity, and motivational index. J Subst Abuse Treat 2007;32:357–69.
- Darke S, Kaye S, McKetin R, Duflou J. Major physical and psychological harms of methamphetamine use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2008;27:253–62.
- Gray SD, Fatovich DM, McCoubrie DL, Daly FF. Amphetamine-related presentations to an inner-city tertiary emergency department: A prospective evaluation. Med J Aust 2007;186:336–9.
- Hufford MR. Alcohol and suicidal behavior. Clin Psychol Rev 2001;21:797–811.
- Rockett IR, Putnam SL, Jia H, Smith GS. Declared and undeclared substance use among emergency department patients: A population-based study. Addiction 2006;101:706–12.
- Lund MØ, Skretting A, Lund KE. [Substance use among young adults aged 21–30, SIRUS Norway, 2007].
- de GG, Barbato A, Bracco R, Gaddini A, Miglio R, Morosini P, . Characteristics and activities of acute psychiatric in-patient facilities: National survey in Italy. Br J Psychiatry 2007;191: 170–7.
- Verstraete AG. Detection times of drugs of abuse in blood, urine, and oral fluid. Ther Drug Monit 2004;26:200–5.