References
- Grant BF, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Dufour MC, Compton W, et al. Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:807–16.
- Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:8–19.
- Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL, et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. JAMA 1990;264:2511–8.
- Burns L, Teesson M. Alcohol use disorders comorbid with anxiety, depression and drug use disorders. Findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well Being. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002;68:299–307.
- Modesto-Lowe V, Kranzler HR. Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-dependent patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Alcohol Res Health 1999;23:144–9.
- Swendsen JD, Merikangas KR, Canino GJ, Kessler RC, Rubio-Stipec M, Angst J. The comorbidity of alcoholism with anxiety and depressive disorders in four geographic communities. Compr Psychiatry 1998;39:176–84.
- Burns L, Teesson M, O’Neill K. The impact of comorbid anxiety and depression on alcohol treatment outcomes. Addiction 2005;100:787–96.
- Kushner MG, Abrams K, Thuras P, Hanson KL, Brekke M, Sletten S. Follow-up study of anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence in comorbid alcoholism treatment patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2005;29:1432–43.
- Driessen M, Meier S, Hill A, Wetterling T, Lange W, Junghanns K. The course of anxiety, depression and drinking behaviours after completed detoxification in alcoholics with and without comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders. Alcohol Alcohol 2001;36:249–55.
- Davidson KM, Blackburn IM. Co-morbid depression and drinking outcome in those with alcohol dependence. Alcohol Alcohol 1998;33:482–7.
- Kodl MM, Fu SS, Willenbring ML, Gravely A, Nelson DB, Joseph AM. The impact of depressive symptoms on alcohol and cigarette consumption following treatment for alcohol and nicotine dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008;32:92–9.
- Smith JP, Book SW. Comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorders among individuals seeking outpatient substance abuse treatment. Addict Behav 2010;35:42–5.
- Organization WH. The 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: WHO, Division of Mental Health 1992.
- McLellan AT, Luborsky L, Woody GE, O’Brien CP. An improved diagnostic evaluation instrument for substance abuse patients. The Addiction Severity Index. J Nerv Ment Dis.1980;168:26–33.
- McGahan P, Griffith J, McLellan A. Composite scores from the Addiction Severity Index: Manual and computer software. Philadelphia, PA: Veterans Administration Press; 1986/1992. p. 142–53.
- Cohen P. Are statistics necessary? Biol Psychiatry 1988 Jan 1;23:1–2.
- Schneider U, Altmann A, Baumann M, Bernzen J, Bertz B, Bimber U, et al. Comorbid anxiety and affective disorder in alcohol-dependent patients seeking treatment: The first Multicentre Study in Germany. Alcohol Alcohol 2001;36:219–23.
- Conner KR, Sorensen S, Leonard KE. Initial depression and subsequent drinking during alcoholism treatment. J Stud Alcohol 2005;66:401–6.
- Mann K, Hintz T, Jung M. Does psychiatric comorbidity in alcohol-dependent patients affect treatment outcome? Eur Arch Psy Clin N 2004;254:172–81.
- Kranzler HR, Del Boca FK, Rounsaville BJ. Comorbid psychiatric diagnosis predicts three-year outcomes in alcoholics: A posttreatment natural history study. J Stud Alcohol 1996;57: 619–26.
- Gamble SA, Conner KR, Talbot NL, Yu Q, Tu XM, Connors GJ. Effects of pretreatment and posttreatment depressive symptoms on alcohol consumption following treatment in Project MATCH. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2010;71:71–7.
- Farrell M, Howes S, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Jenkins R, Lewis G, et al. Nicotine, alcohol and drug dependence and psychiatric comorbidity. Br J Psychiatry 2001;179:432–7.