T Cell-dependent and -Independent IgA Responses: Role of TLR Signalling

REFERENCES

• Agol, V. I. (2006). Vaccine-derived polioviruses. Biologicals 34:103–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asahi-Ozaki, Y., Itamura, S., Ichinohe, T., Strong, P., Tamura, S., Takahashi, H. Sawa, H., Moriyama, M., Tashiro, M., Sata, T., Kurata, T., Hasegawa, H. (2006). Intranasal administration of adjuvant-combined recombinant influenza virus HA vaccine protects mice from the lethal H5N1 virus infection. Microbes Infect 8:2706–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachmann, M. F., Kopf, M. (1999). The role of B cells in acute and chronic infections. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11:332–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachmann, M. F., Zinkernagel, R. M. (1997). Neutralizing antiviral B cell responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15:235–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldridge, J. R., McGowan, P., Evans, J. T., Cluff, C., Mossman, S., Johnson, D., Persing, D. (2004). Taking a Toll on human disease: Toll-like receptor 4 agonists as vaccine adjuvants and monotherapeutic agents. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 4:1129–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr, T. A., Brown, S., Mastroeni, P., Gray, D. (2009). B Cell intrinsic MyD88 signals drive IFN-{gamma} production from T cells and control switching to IgG2c. J. Immunol. 183:1005–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bessa, J., Jegerlehner, A., Hinton, H. J., Pumpens, P. Saudan, P. Schneider, P., Bachmann, M. F. 2009. Alveolar macrophages and lung dendritic cells sense RNA and drive mucosal IgA responses. J. Immunol. 183:3788–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bessa, J., Schmitz, N., Hinton, H. J., Schwarz, K., Jegerlehner, A., Bachmann, M. F. (2008). Efficient induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses by virus-like particles administered intranasally: implications for vaccine design. Eur. J. Immunol. 38:114–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsutzky, S., Cazac, B. B., Roes, J. Guzman, C. A. (2004). TGF-beta receptor signaling is critical for mucosal IgA responses. J. Immunol. 173:3305–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsutzky, S., Fiorelli, V., Ebensen, T., Tripiciano, A., Rharbaoui, F., Scoglio, A., Link, C., Nappi, F., Morr, M., Butto, S., Cafaro, A., Muhlradt, P. F., Ensoli, B., Guzman, C. A. (2003). Efficient mucosal delivery of the HIV-1 Tat protein using the synthetic lipopeptide MALP-2 as adjuvant. Eur. J. Immunol. 33:1548–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borsutzky, S., Kretschmer, K., Becker, P. D., Muhlradt, P. F., Kirschning, C. J., Weiss, S., Guzman, C. A. (2005). The mucosal adjuvant macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 directly stimulates B lymphocytes via the TLR2 without the need of accessory cells. J. Immunol. 174:6308–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bossen, C., Cachero, T. G., Tardivel, A., Ingold, K., Willen, L., Dobles, M., Scott, M. L., Maquelin, A., Belnoue, E., Siegrist, C. A., Chevrier, S., Acha-Orbea, H. Leung, H., Mackay, F., Tschopp, J., Schneider, P. (2008). TACI, unlike BAFF-R, is solely activated by oligomeric BAFF and APRIL to support survival of activated B cells and plasmablasts. Blood 111:1004–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandtzaeg, P. (2006). Induction of secretory immunity and memory at mucosal surfaces. Vaccine 30:5467–84.
   Google Scholar
• Brandtzaeg, P., Johansen. F.E. (2005). Mucosal B cells: phenotypic characteristics, transcriptional regulation, and homing properties. Immunol. Rev. 206:32–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castigli, E., Scott, S., Dedeoglu, F., Bryce, P., Jabara, H., Bhan, A. K., Mizoguchi, E., Geha, R. S. (2004). Impaired IgA class switching in APRIL-deficient mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:3903–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castigli, E., Wilson, S. A., Elkhal, A., Ozcan, E., Garibyan, L., Geha, R. S. (2007). Transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor enhances CD40-driven plasma cell differentiation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 120:885–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castigli, E., Wilson, S. A., Scott, S., Dedeoglu, F., Xu, S., Lam, K. P., Bram, R. J., Jabara, H., Geha, R. S. (2005). TACI and BAFF-R mediate isotype switching in B cells. J. Exp. Med. 201:35–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazac, B. B., Roes, J. (2000). TGF-beta receptor controls B cell responsiveness and induction of IgA in vivo. Immunity 13:443–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerutti, A. (2008). The regulation of IgA class switching. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8:421–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerutti, A., Rescigno, M. (2008). The biology of intestinal immunoglobulin A responses. Immunity 28:740–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhuri, J., Alt, F. W. (2004). Class-switch recombination: interplay of transcription, DNA deamination and DNA repair. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4:541–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S. S., Li. Q. (1990). Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a bifunctional immune regulator for mucosal IgA responses. Cell Immunol. 128:353–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cielens, I., Ose, V., Petrovskis, I., Strelnikova, A., Renhofa, R., Kozlovska, T., Pumpens, P. (2000). Mutilation of RNA phage Qbeta virus-like particles: from icosahedrons to rods. FEBS Lett. 482:261–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements, M. L., Murphy, B. R. (1986). Development and persistence of local and systemic antibody responses in adults given live attenuated or inactivated influenza A virus vaccine. J. Clin. Microbiol. 23:66–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates, T., Wilson, R., Patrick, G., Andre, F., Watson, V. (2001). Hepatitis B vaccines: assessment of the seroprotective efficacy of two recombinant DNA vaccines. Clin. Ther. 23:392–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crouch, E. E., Li, Z., Takizawa, M., Fichtner-Feigl, S., Gourzi, P., Montano, C., Feigenbaum, L., Wilson, P., Janz, S., Papavasiliou, F. N., Casellas, R. (2007). Regulation of AID expression in the immune response. J. Exp. Med. 204:1145–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeFrancesco, L. (2008). Dynavax trial halted. Nat. Biotechnol. 26:484.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dienz, O., Eaton, S. M., Bond, J.P., Neveu, W., Moquin, D., Noubade, R., Briso, E. M., Charland, C., Leonard, W. J., Ciliberto, G., Teuscher, C., Haynes, L., Rincon, M. (2009). The induction of antibody production by IL-6 is indirectly mediated by IL-21 produced by CD4+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 206:69–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dullaers, M., Li, D., Xue, Y., Ni, L., Gayet, I., Morita, R., Ueno, H., Palucka, K. A., Banchereau, J., Oh, S. (2009). A T cell-dependent mechanism for the induction of human mucosal homing immunoglobulin A-secreting plasmablasts. Immunity 30:120–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagarasan, S., Honjo, T. (2003). Intestinal IgA synthesis: regulation of front-line body defences. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:63–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagarasan, S., Kinoshita, K., Muramatsu, M., Ikuta, K., Honjo, T. (2001). In situ class switching and differentiation to IgA-producing cells in the gut lamina propria. Nature 413:639–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazilleau, N., Mark, L., McHeyzer-Williams, L. J., McHeyzer-Williams, M. G. (2009). Follicular helper T cells: lineage and location. Immunity 30:324–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardby, E., Lycke, N. Y. (2000). CD19-deficient mice exhibit poor responsiveness to oral immunization despite evidence of unaltered total IgA levels, germinal centers and IgA-isotype switching in Peyer’s patches. Eur. J. Immunol. 30:1861–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardby, E., Wrammert, J., Schon, K., Ekman, L., Leanderson, T., Lycke, N. (2003). Strong Differential regulation of serum and mucosal IgA responses as revealed in CD28-deficient mice using cholera toxin adjuvant. J. Immunol. 170:55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland, S. M., Hernandez-Avila, M., Wheeler, C. M., Perez, G., Harper, D. M., Leodolter, S., Tang, G. W., Ferris, D. G., Steben, M., Bryan, J., Taddeo, F. J., Railkar, R., Esser, M. T., Sings, H. L., Nelson, M., Boslego, J., Sattler, C., Barr, E., Koutsky, L. A. (2007). Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent anogenital diseases. N. Engl. J. Med. 356:1928–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geha, R. S., Jabara, H. H., Brodeur, S. R. (2003). The regulation of immunoglobulin E class-switch recombination. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:721–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gluck, R., Mischler, R., Durrer, P., Furer, E., Lang, A. B., Herzog, C., Cryz, Jr., S.J. (2000). Safety and immunogenicity of intranasally administered inactivated trivalent virosome-formulated influenza vaccine containing Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin as a mucosal adjuvant. J. Infect. Dis. 181:1129–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ha, S. A., Tsuji, M., Suzuki, K., Meek, B., Yasuda, N., Kaisho, T., Fagarasan, S. (2006). Regulation of B1 cell migration by signals through Toll-like receptors. J. Exp. Med. 203:2541–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harriman, W., Volk, H., Defranoux, N., Wabl, M. (1993). Immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:361–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayakawa, K., Hardy, R. R., Stall, A. M., Herzenberg, L. A., Herzenberg, L. A. (1986). Immunoglobulin-bearing B cells reconstitute and maintain the murine Ly-1 B cell lineage. Eur. J. Immunol. 16:1313–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, B., Xu, W., Santini, P. A., Polydorides, A. D., Chiu, A., Estrella, J., Shan, M., Chadburn, A., Villanacci, V., Plebani, A., Knowles, D. M., Rescigno, M., Cerutti, A. (2007). Intestinal bacteria trigger T cell-independent immunoglobulin A(2) class switching by inducing epithelial-cell secretion of the cytokine APRIL. Immunity 26:812–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heusser, C. H., Anderson, C. L., Grey, H. M. (1977). Receptors for IgG: subclass specificity of receptors on different mouse cell types and the definition of two distinct receptors on a macrophage cell line. J. Exp. Med. 145:1316–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jegerlehner, A., Maurer, P., Bessa, J., Hinton, H. J., Kopf, M., Bachmann, M. F. (2007). TLR9 signaling in B cells determines class switch recombination to IgG2a. J. Immunol. 178:2415–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings, G. T., Bachmann, M. F. (2007). Designing recombinant vaccines with viral properties: a rational approach to more effective vaccines. Curr. Mol. Med. 7:143–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings, G. T., Bachmann, M. F. 2008. The coming of age of virus-like particle vaccines. Biol. Chem. 389:521–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaetzel, C. S., Robinson, J. K., Chintalacharuvu, K. R., Vaerman, J. P., Lamm, M. E. (1991). The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (secretory component) mediates transport of immune complexes across epithelial cells: a local defense function for IgA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:8796–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminski, D. A., Stavnezer, J. (2006). Enhanced IgA class switching in marginal zone and B1 B cells relative to follicular/B2 B cells. J. Immunol. 177:6025–6029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, S.-M., Guo, L., Yao, Q., Skountzou, I., Compans, R. W. (2004). Intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus enhances immune responses to coadministered simian-human immunodeficiency virus-like particle antigens. J. Virol. 78:9624–9632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato, A., Truong-Tran, A. Q., Scott, A. L., Matsumoto, K., Schleimer, R. P. (2006). Airway epithelial cells produce B cell-activating factor of TNF family by an IFN-beta-dependent mechanism. J. Immunol. 177:7164–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsenelson, N., Kanswal, S., Puig, M., Mostowski, H., Verthelyi, D., Akkoyunlu, M. 2007. Synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides augment BAFF- and APRIL-mediated immunoglobulin secretion. Eur. J. Immunol. 37:1785–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kew, O. M., Sutter, R. W., de Gourville, E. M., Dowdle, W. R., Pallansch, M. A. 2005. Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 59:587–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipps, T.J., Parham, P., Punt, J., Herzenberg, L. A. (1985). Importance of immunoglobulin isotype in human antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed by murine monoclonal antibodies. J. Exp. Med. 161:1–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiyono, H., Fukuyama, S. (2004). NALT- versus Peyer’s-patch-mediated mucosal immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4:699–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klaus, G.G., Pepys, M. B., Kitajima, K., Askonas, B. A. (1979). Activation of mouse complement by different classes of mouse antibody. Immunology 38:687–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozlowski, P. A., Williams, S. B., Lynch, R. M. Flanigan, T. P., Patterson, R. R., Cu-Uvin, S., Neutra, M. R. (2002). Differential induction of mucosal and systemic antibody responses in women after nasal, rectal, or vaginal immunization: Influence of the menstrual cycle. J. Immunol. 169:566–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroese, F. G., Butcher, E. C., Stall, A. M., Lalor, P. A., Adams, S., Herzenberg, L. A. (1989). Many of the IgA producing plasma cells in murine gut are derived from self-replenishing precursors in the peritoneal cavity. Int. Immunol. 1:75–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuchen, S., Robbins, R., Sims, G. P., Sheng, C., Phillips, T. M., Lipsky, P. E., Ettinger, R. (2007). Essential role of IL-21 in B cell activation, expansion, and plasma cell generation during CD4+ T cell-B cell collaboration. J. Immunol. 179:5886–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamm, M. E. (1997). Interaction of antigens and antibodies at mucosal surfaces. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 51:311–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawler, S., Candia, A. F., Ebner, R., Shum, L., Lopez, A. R., Moses, H. L., Wright, C. V., Derynck, R. (1994). The murine type II TGF-beta receptor has a coincident embryonic expression and binding preference for TGF-beta 1. Development 120:165–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, M. M. (2003). Can needle-free administration of vaccines become the norm in global immunization? Nat Med. 9:99–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, M. M., Dougan, G. (1998). Optimism over vaccines administered via mucosal surfaces. Lancet 351:1375–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M. O., Wan, Y. Y., Sanjabi, S., Robertson, A. K., Flavell, R. A. (2006). Transforming growth factor-beta regulation of immune responses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24:99–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litinskiy, M. B., Nardelli, B., Hilbert, D. M., He, B., Schaffer, A., Casali, P., Cerutti, A. (2002). DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class switching through BLyS and APRIL. Nat. Immunol. 3:822–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundgren, M., Persson, U., Larsson, P., Magnusson, C., Smith, C. I., Hammarstrom, L., Severinson, E. 1989. Interleukin 4 induces synthesis of IgE and IgG4 in human B cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 19:1311–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay, F., Schneider, P. (2009). Cracking the BAFF code. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9:491–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLennan, I. C. (1994). Germinal centers. Annu Rev Immunol. 12:117–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macpherson, A. J., Gatto, D., Sainsbury, E., Harriman, G. R., Hengartner, H., Zinkernagel, R. M. (2000). A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria. Science. 288:2222–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macpherson, A. J., McCoy, K. D., Johansen, F. E., Brandtzaeg, P. (2008). The immune geography of IgA induction and function. Mucosal Immunol. 1:11–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHeyzer-Williams, M. G., Ahmed, R. (1999). B cell memory and the long-lived plasma cell. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11:172–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melnick, J. L. (1996). Current status of poliovirus infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 9:293–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mond, J. J., Lees, A., Snapper, C. M. (1995). T cell-independent antigens type 2. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13:655–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mora, J.R., von Andrian, U. H. (2008). Differentiation and homing of IgA-secreting cells. Mucosal Immunol. 1:96–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muramatsu, M., Nagaoka, H., Shinkura, R., Begum, N.A., Honjo, T. (2007). Discovery of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, the engraver of antibody memory. Adv Immunol. 94:1–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mutsch, M., Zhou, W., Rhodes, P., Bopp, M., Chen, R. T., Linder, T., Spyr, C., Steffen, R. (2004). Use of the inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine and the risk of Bell’s palsy in Switzerland. N. Engl. J. Med. 350:896–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neutra, M. R., Kozlowski, P. A. (2006). Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6:148–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimmerjahn, F., Ravetch, J. V. (2006). Fcgamma receptors: old friends and new family members. Immunity 24:19–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odegard, V. H., Schatz, D. G. (2006). Targeting of somatic hypermutation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6:573–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogra, P. L., Faden, H., Welliver, R. C. (2001). Vaccination strategies for mucosal immune responses. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14:430–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozaki, K., Spolski, R., Feng, C. G., Qi, C. F., Cheng, J., Sher, A., Morse, 3rd, H. C., Liu, C., Schwartzberg, P. L., Leonard, W. J. (2002). A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production. Science 298:1630–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, S. R., Lee, J. H., Kim, P. H. (2001). Smad3 and Smad4 mediate transforming growth factor-beta1-induced IgA expression in murine B lymphocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 31:1706–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pene, J., Gauchat, J.-F., Lecart, S., Drouet, E., Guglielmi, P., Boulay, V., Delwail, A., Foster, D., Lecron, J.-C., Yssel, H. (2004). Cutting edge: IL-21 is a switch factor for the production of IgG1 and IgG3 by human B cells. J. Immunol. 172:5154–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulendran, B. (2009). Learning immunology from the yellow fever vaccine: innate immunity to systems vaccinology. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9:741–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsay, A. J., Husband, A. J., Ramshaw, I. A., Bao, S., Matthaei, K. I., Koehler, G., Kopf, M. (1994). The role of interleukin-6 in mucosal IgA antibody responses in vivo. Science 264:561–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rharbaoui, F., Drabner, B., Borsutzky, S., Winckler, U., Morr, M., Ensoli, B., Muhlradt, P. F., Guzman, C. A. (2002). The mycoplasma-derived lipopeptide MALP-2 is a potent mucosal adjuvant. Eur. J. Immunol. 32:2857–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimoldi, M., Chieppa, M., Salucci, V., Avogadri, F., Sonzogni, A., Sampietro, G. M., Nespoli, A., Viale, G., Allavena, P., Rescigno, M. (2005). Intestinal immune homeostasis is regulated by the crosstalk between epithelial cells and dendritic cells. Nat. Immunol. 6:50–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudin, A., Riise, G. C., Holmgren, J. (1999). Antibody responses in the lower respiratory tract and male urogenital tract in humans after nasal and oral vaccination with cholera toxin B subunit. Infect Immun. 67:2884–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurai, D., Hase, H., Kanno, Y., Kojima, H.., Okumura, K., Kobata, T. (2007). TACI regulates IgA production by APRIL in collaboration with HSPG. Blood 109:2961–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangster, M. Y., Riberdy, J. M., Gonzalez, M., Topham, D. J., Baumgarth, N., Doherty, P. C. (2003). An early CD4+ T cell-dependent immunoglobulin A response to influenza infection in the absence of key cognate T-B interactions. J. Exp. Med. 198:1011–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato, A., Hashiguchi, M., Toda, E., Iwasaki, A., Hachimura, S., Kaminogawa, S. (2003). CD11b+ Peyer’s patch dendritic cells secrete IL-6 and induce IgA secretion from naive B cells. J. Immunol. 171:3684–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt, N., Morita, R., Bourdery, L., Bentebibel, S. E., Zurawski, S. M., Banchereau, J., Ueno, H. (2009). Human dendritic cells induce the differentiation of interleukin-21-producing T follicular helper-like cells through interleukin-12. Immunity 31:158–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang, L., Fukata, M., Thirunarayanan, N., Martin, A. P., Arnaboldi, P., Maussang, D., Berin, C., Unkeless, J. C., Mayer, L., Abreu, M. T., Lira, S. A. (2008). Toll-like receptor signaling in small intestinal epithelium promotes B-cell recruitment and IgA production in lamina propria. Gastroenterology 135:529–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro-Shelef, M., Calame, K. (2005). Regulation of plasma-cell development. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5:230–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu, A., Takahashi, N., Yaoita, Y.,. Honjo, T. (1982). Organization of the constant-region gene family of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain. Cell 28:499–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stavnezer, J., Guikema, J. E., Schrader, C. E. (2008). Mechanism and regulation of class switch recombination. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 26:261–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung, J. J., Lik-Yuen, H. (2006). HBV-ISS (Dynavax). Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 8:150–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tezuka, H., Abe, Y., Iwata, M., Takeuchi, H. Ishikawa, H., Matsushita, M., Shiohara, T., Akira, S., Ohteki, T. (2007). Regulation of IgA production by naturally occurring TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells. Nature 448:929–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treml, L. S., Carlesso, G., Hoek, K. L., Stadanlick, J. E., Kambayashi, T., Bram, R. J., Cancro, M. P., Khan, W. N. (2007). TLR stimulation modifies BLyS receptor expression in follicular and marginal zone B cells. J. Immunol. 178:7531–7539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinchieri, G. (2003). Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:133–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Duin, D., Medzhitov, R., Shaw, A. C. (2006). Triggering TLR signaling in vaccination. Trends Immunol. 27:49–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Egmond, M., Damen, C. A., van Spriel, A. B., Vidarsson, G., van Garderen, E., van de Winkel, J. G. (2001). IgA and the IgA Fc receptor. Trends Immunol. 22:205–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Ginkel, F. W., Jackson, R. J., Yuki, Y., McGhee, J. R. (2000). Cutting edge: the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin redirects vaccine proteins into olfactory tissues. J. Immunol. 165:4778–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Ginkel, F. W., Wahl, S. M., Kearney, J. F., Kweon, M. N., Fujihashi, K., Burrows, P. D., Kiyono, H., McGhee, J. R. (1999). Partial IgA-deficiency with increased Th2-type cytokines in TGF-beta 1 knockout mice. J. Immunol. 163:1951–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Bulow, G. U., van Deursen, J. M., Bram, R. J. (2001). Regulation of the T-independent humoral response by TACI. Immunity 14:573–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, W., He, B., Chiu, A. Chadburn, A., Shan, M., Buldys, M., Ding, A., Knowles, D. M., Santini, P. A., Cerutti, A. (2007). Epithelial cells trigger frontline immunoglobulin class switching through a pathway regulated by the inhibitor SLPI. Nat. Immunol. 8:294–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, M., Wang, H., Chan, B., Roose-Girma, M., Erickson, S., Baker, T., Tumas, D., Grewal, I. S., Dixit, V. M. (2001). Activation and accumulation of B cells in TACI-deficient mice. Nat. Immunol. 2:638–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinkernagel, R. M., Hengartner, H. (2004). On immunity against infections and vaccines: credo 2004. Scand. J. Immunol. 60:9–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar