Prolactin Promoter Polymorphism (−1149 G/T) is Associated with ANTI–DNA Antibodies in Mexican Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

REFERENCES

• Ben-Jonathan, N., Mershon, J. L., Allen, D. L., Steinmetz, R. W. (1996). Extrapituitary prolactin: distribution, regulation, functions and clinical aspects. Endocr. Rev. 17:639–669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berwaer, M., Martial, J. A., Davis, J. R. (1994). Characterization of an up-stream promoter directing extrapituitary expression of the human prolactin gene. Mol. Endocrinol. 8:635–642.
   Google Scholar
• Blanco, F., Quintal, G., Chavez, K., Leaños, A., Berron, R., Baca, V., Lavalle, C. (2001). Anti-prolactin autoantibodies in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 10:803–808.
   Google Scholar
• Blanco, F., Quintal, G., Leaños, A. (1999). Association between prolactin and the activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Influence of statistical power of the study. J. Rheumatol. 26:55–59.
   Google Scholar
• Brennan, P., Hajeer, A., Ong, K. R., Worthington, J., John, S., Thomson, W., Silman, A., Ollier, B. (1997). Allelic markers close to prolactin are associated with HLA-DRB1 susceptibility alleles among women with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 40:1383–1386.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buskila, D., Bereznin, M., Gur, H. (1995). Autoantibody profile in the sera of women with hyperprolactinemia. J. Autoimmun. 8:415–424.
   Google Scholar
• Cesario, T. C., Yousefi, S., Carandang, G., Sadati, N., Le, J., Vaziri, N. (1994). Enhanced yields of gamma interferon in prolactin treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 205:89–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavez-Rueda, K. (2007). Effect of prolactin on lymphocyte activation from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Ann. NY Acad Sci. 1108:218–226.
   Google Scholar
• Clevenger, C. V., Sillman, A. L., Hanley-Hyde, J., Prystowsky, M. B. (1992). Requirement for prolactin during cell cycle regulated gene expression in cloned T-lymphocytes. Endocrinology 130:3216–3222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Mello-Coelho, V., Villa-Verde, D. M., Dardenne, M., Savino, W. (1997) Pituitary hormones modulate cell-cell interactions between thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells. J. Neuroimmunol. 76: 39–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaufo, G. O., Diamond, M. C. (1996) Prolactin increases CD4/CD8 cell ratio in thymus-grafted congenitally athymic nude mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:4165–4169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, A. M., Petersen, J. W., Sekhon, G. S., DeMars, R. (1989). Mapping of prolactin and tumor necrosis factor-beta genes on human chromosome 6p using lymphoblastoid cell deletion mutants. Somat. Cell. Mol. Genet. 15:203–213.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fojtíková, M., Cerná, M., Cejková, P., Ruzicková, S., Dostál, C. (2007). Extrapituitary prolactin promoter polymorphism in Czech patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 66:706–707.
   Google Scholar
• Gellersen, B., Kempf, R., Telgmann, R., DiMattia, G. E. (1994). Nonpituitary human prolactin gene transcription is independent of Pit-1 and differentially controlled in lymphocytes and in endometrial stroma. Mol. Endocrinol. 8: 356–373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gutiérrez, M. A., Molina, J. F., Jara, L. R., Cuéllar, M. L., García, C., Gutiérrez-Ureña, C., Gharavi, A., Espinoza, L. R. (1995). Prolactin and systemic lupus erythematosus: prolactin secretion by SLE lymphocytes and proliferative (autocrine) activity. Lupus 4:348–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahat, N., Miller, A., Shtiller, R., Touby, E. (1993). Differential effects of prolactin upon activation and differentiation of human B lymphocytes. J. Neuroimmunol. 47:35–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larrea, F., Martínez-Castillo, A., Cabrera, V., Alcocer-Varela, J., Queipo, G., Cariño, C., Alarcón-Segovia, D. (1997). A bioactive 60-kilodalton prolactin species is preferentially secreted in cultures of mitogen-stimulated and nonstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82:3664–3669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leaños, A., Pascoe, D., Chavez, K., Blanco, F. (2001). Antiprolactin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus patients; Frequency and correlation with prolactinemia and disease activity. J. Rheumatol. 28:1546–1553.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, Y. C., Raychaudhuri, S., Cui, J., De Vivo, I., Ding, B., Alfredsson, L., Padyukov, L., Costenbader, K. H., Seielstad, M., Graham, R. R., Klareskog, L., Gregersen, P. K., Plenge, R. M., Karlson, E. W. (2009). The PRL-1149 G/T polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility. Arthritis Rheum. 60:1250–1254.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marmur, J. (1961). A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid for micro-organisms. J. Mol. Biol. 3 (1961) 208–218.
   Google Scholar
• Matera, L. (1997). Action of pituitary and lymphocyte prolactin. Neuroimmunomodulation 4:171–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray, R., Keisler, D., Kanuckel, K., Izui, S., Walker, S. E. (1991). Prolactin influences autoimmune disease activity in the female B/W mouse. J. Immunol. 147:3780–3787.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellai, M., Giordano, M., D’Alfonso, S., Marchini, M., Scorza, R., Giovanna Danieli, M., Leone, M., Ferro, I., Liguori, M., Trojano, M., Ballerini, C., Massacesi, L., Cannoni, S., Bomprezzi, R., Momigliano-Richiardi, P. (2003). Prolactin and prolactin receptor gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum. Immunol. 64:274–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Irastorga, G., Ilma, F., Alves, J. (1996). Increased rate of lupus flare during pregnancy and the puerperium: A prospective study of 78 pregnancies. Br. J. Rheumatol. 35:133–138.
   Google Scholar
• Saha, S., Gonzalez, J., Rosenfeld, G., Keiser, H., Peeva, E. (2009). Prolactin alters the mechanisms of B cell tolerance induction. Arthritis Rheum. 60:1743–1752.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stevens, A., Ray, D. W., Alansari, A., Hajeer, A., Thomson, W., Donn, R., Ollier, W. E., Worthington, J., Davis, J. R. (2001). Characterization of a prolactin gene polymorphism and its associations with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 44:2358–2366.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stevens, A., Ray, D. W., Worthington, J., Davis, J. R. (2001). Polymorphisms of the human prolactin gene-implications for production of lymphocyte prolactin and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 10:676–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, S. E., Yang, L., Kuo, C. B., Walker, A. M. (1999). A pilot study suggests that prolactin shortens, and a prolactin antagonist lengthens, the lifespan of NZB/NZW mice with spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus. Proceedings of the 81st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, The Endocrine Society, San Diego, CA, Bethesda (MD), pp. 2–171.
   Google Scholar
• Whitacre, C. C., Reingold, S. C., O’Looney, P. A. (1999). A gender gap in autoimmunity. Science 283:1277–1278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasutomo, K., Horiuchi, T., Kagami, S., Tsukamoto, H., Hashimura, C., Urushihara, M., Kuroda, Y. (2001). Mutation of DNASE1 in people with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat. Genet. 28:313–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar