REFERENCES
- Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Abrams JM Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012. Cell Death Differ 2012;19:107–120.
- Wickman G, Julian L, Olson MF. How apoptotic cells aid in the removal of their own cold dead bodies. Cell Death Differ 2012;19:735–742.
- Lockshin RA, Williams CM. Programmed cell death. V. Cytolytic enzymes in relation to the breakdown of the intersegmental muscles of silkmoths. J Insect Physiol 1965;11:831–844.
- Kerr JF. A histochemical study of hypertrophy and ischaemic injury of rat liver with special reference to changes in lysosomes. J Pathol Bacteriol 1965;90:419–435.
- Kroemer G, El-Deiry WS, Golstein P Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death. Cell Death Differ 2005; 12 Suppl 2:1463–1467.
- Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Vandenabeele P Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009. Cell Death Differ 2009;16:3–11.
- Galluzzi L, Maiuri MC, Vitale I Cell death modalities: classification and pathophysiological implications. Cell Death Differ 2007;14:1237–1243.
- Ortiz A, Justo P, Sanz A Targeting apoptosis in acute tubular injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;66:1589–1594.
- Parihar A, Eubank TD, Doseff AI. Monocytes and macrophages regulate immunity through dynamic networks of survival and cell death. J Innate Immun 2010;2:204–215.
- Gordon S, Martinez FO. Alternative activation of macrophages: mechanism and functions. Immunity 2010;32:593–604.
- Pelegrin P, Surprenant A. Dynamics of macrophage polarization reveal new mechanism to inhibit IL-1beta release through pyrophosphates. EMBO J 2009;28:2114–2127.
- Challa S, Chan FK. Going up in flames: necrotic cell injury and inflammatory diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010;67:3241–3253.
- Rock KL, Lai JJ, Kono H. Innate and adaptive immune responses to cell death. Immunol Rev 2011;243:191–205.
- Robinson N, McComb S, Mulligan R Type I interferon induces necroptosis in macrophages during infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Nat Immunol 2012;13:954–962.
- Tabas I. Consequences and therapeutic implications of macrophage apoptosis in atherosclerosis: the importance of lesion stage and phagocytic efficiency. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:2255–2264.
- Lee HJ, Ahn BJ, Shin MW Ninjurin1 mediates macrophage-induced programmed cell death during early ocular development. Cell Death Differ 2009;16:1395–1407.
- Cervantes J, Nagata T, Uchijima M Intracytosolic Listeria monocytogenes induces cell death through caspase-1 activation in murine macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2008;10:41–52.
- Suzuki T, Franchi L, Toma C Differential regulation of caspase-1 activation, pyroptosis, and autophagy via Ipaf and ASC in Shigella-infected macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2007;3:e111.
- Aporta A, Arbues A, Aguilo JI Attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO2 vaccine candidate is unable to induce cell death. PLoS One 2012;7:e45213.
- Miao EA, Leaf IA, Treuting PM Caspase-1-induced pyroptosis is an innate immune effector mechanism against intracellular bacteria. Nat Immunol 2010;11:1136–1142.
- Qu Y, Misaghi S, Izrael-Tomasevic A Phosphorylation of NLRC4 is critical for inflammasome activation. Nature 2012;490:539–542.
- Miao EA, Rajan JV, Aderem A. Caspase-1-induced pyroptotic cell death. Immunol Rev 2011;243:206–214.
- Ha SD, Park S, Han CY Cellular adaptation to anthrax lethal toxin-induced mitochondrial cholesterol enrichment, hyperpolarization, and reactive oxygen species generation through downregulating MLN64 in macrophages. Mol Cell Biol 2012;32:4846–4860.
- Darisipudi MN, Thomasova D, Mulay SR Uromodulin triggers IL-1beta-dependent innate immunity via the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;23:1783–1789.
- Yang BC, Yang ZH, Pan XJ Crotonaldehyde induces apoptosis and immunosuppression in alveolar macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro 2013;27:128–137.
- Rana SV. Metals and apoptosis: recent developments. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2008;22:262–284.
- Catalan MP, Santamaria B, Reyero A 3,4-di-deoxyglucosone-3-ene promotes leukocyte apoptosis. Kidney Int 2005;68:1303–1311.
- Makinen PI, Lappalainen JP, Heinonen SE Silencing of either SR-A or CD36 reduces atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemic mice and reveals reciprocal upregulation of these receptors. Cardiovasc Res 2010;88:530–538.
- Tabas I. The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the progression of atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2010;107:839–850.
- Lobov IB, Rao S, Carroll TJ WNT7b mediates macrophage-induced programmed cell death in patterning of the vasculature. Nature 2005;437:417–421.
- Duffield JS, Forbes SJ, Constandinou CM Selective depletion of macrophages reveals distinct, opposing roles during liver injury and repair. J Clin Invest 2005;115:56–65.
- Rossol M, Heine H, Meusch U LPS-induced cytokine production in human monocytes and macrophages. Crit Rev Immunol 2011;31:379–446.
- Falschlehner C, Schaefer U, Walczak H. Following TRAIL's path in the immune system. Immunology 2009;127:145–154.
- Boyle JJ, Weissberg PL, Bennett MR. Human macrophage-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis requires NO enhancement of Fas/Fas-L interactions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002;22:1624–1630.
- Justo P, Sanz AB, Sanchez-Nino MD Cytokine cooperation in renal tubular cell injury: the role of TWEAK. Kidney Int 2006;70:1750–1758.
- Sendler M, Dummer A, Weiss FU Tumour necrosis factor alpha secretion induces protease activation and acinar cell necrosis in acute experimental pancreatitis in mice. Gut 2013;62: 430–439.
- Linkermann A, Brasen JH, De ZF Dichotomy between. Mol Med 2012;18:577–586.
- Boyle JJ, Weissberg PL, Bennett MR. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes macrophage-induced vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis by direct and autocrine mechanisms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:1553–1558.
- Lorz C, Benito-Martin A, Boucherot A The death ligand TRAIL in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;19:904–914.
- Sanz AB, Sanchez-Nino MD, Ramos AM NF-kappaB in renal inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010;21:1254–1262.
- Gregory CD, Devitt A. The macrophage and the apoptotic cell: an innate immune interaction viewed simplistically? Immunology 2004;113:1–14.
- Savill J, Fadok V. Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death. Nature 2000; 407: 784-788.
- Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Henson PM. Phagocyte receptors for apoptotic cells: recognition, uptake, and consequences. J Clin Invest 2001;108:957–962.
- Schrijvers DM, De Meyer GR, Kockx MM Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages is impaired in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:1256–1261.
- Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Frasch SC The role of phosphatidylserine in recognition of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Cell Death Differ 1998;5:551–562.
- Voll RE, Herrmann M, Roth EA Immunosuppressive effects of apoptotic cells. Nature 1997;390:350–351.
- McDonald PP, Fadok VA, Bratton D Transcriptional and translational regulation of inflammatory mediator production by endogenous TGF-beta in macrophages that have ingested apoptotic cells. J Immunol 1999;163:6164–6172.
- Byrne A, Reen DJ. Lipopolysaccharide induces rapid production of IL-10 by monocytes in the presence of apoptotic neutrophils. J Immunol 2002;168:1968–1977.
- Reddy SM, Hsiao KH, Abernethy VE Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages induces novel signaling events leading to cytokine-independent survival and inhibition of proliferation: activation of Akt and inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. J Immunol 2002;169:702–713.
- Botto M, Dell'Agnola C, Bygrave AE Homozygous C1q deficiency causes glomerulonephritis associated with multiple apoptotic bodies. Nat Genet 1998;19:56–59.
- Vandivier RW, Fadok VA, Hoffmann PR Elastase-mediated phosphatidylserine receptor cleavage impairs apoptotic cell clearance in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. J Clin Invest 2002;109:661–670.
- Harel-Adar T, Ben MT, Amsalem Y Modulation of cardiac macrophages by phosphatidylserine-presenting liposomes improves infarct repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;108:1827–1832.
- Lamkanfi M, Dixit VM. Inflammasomes and their roles in health and disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2012;28:137–161.
- Dinarello CA. Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin-1 family. Annu Rev Immunol 2009;27:519–550.
- Sims K, Haynes CA, Kelly S Kdo2-lipid A, a TLR4-specific agonist, induces de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis in RAW264.7 macrophages, which is essential for induction of autophagy. J Biol Chem 2010;285:38568–38579.
- Vandenabeele P, Galluzzi L, Vanden Berghe T Molecular mechanisms of necroptosis: an ordered cellular explosion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2010;11:700–714.
- Christofferson DE, Yuan J. Necroptosis as an alternative form of programmed cell death. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010;22:263–268.
- Justo P, Sanz AB, Lorz C Lethal activity of FADD death domain in renal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2006;69:2205–2211.
- Cabon L, Galan-Malo P, Bouharrour A BID regulates AIF-mediated caspase-independent necroptosis by promoting BAX activation. Cell Death Differ 2012;19:245–256.
- Wang L, Deng W, Shi T URP2SF, a FERM and PH domain containing protein, regulates NF-kappaB and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008;368:899–906.
- Hitomi J, Christofferson DE, Ng A Identification of a molecular signaling network that regulates a cellular necrotic cell death pathway. Cell 2008;135:1311–1323.
- Wright A, Reiley WW, Chang M Regulation of early wave of germ cell apoptosis and spermatogenesis by deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD. Dev Cell 2007;13:705–716.
- Liu P, Xu B, Shen W Dysregulation of TNFalpha-induced necroptotic signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: suppression of CYLD gene by LEF1. Leukemia 2012;26:1293–1300.
- Degterev A, Huang Z, Boyce M Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury. Nat Chem Biol 2005;1:112–119.
- Oerlemans MI, Liu J, Arslan F Inhibition of RIP1-dependent necrosis prevents adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in vivo. Basic Res Cardiol 2012;107:270.
- Linkermann A, Brasen JH, Himmerkus N Rip1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1) mediates necroptosis and contributes to renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Kidney Int 2012;81:751–761.
- Zhang DW, Shao J, Lin J RIP3, an energy metabolism regulator that switches TNF-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis. Science 2009;325:332–336.
- He S, Liang Y, Shao F Toll-like receptors activate programmed necrosis in macrophages through a receptor-interacting kinase-3-mediated pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;108:20054–20059.
- Sancho D, Joffre OP, Keller AM Identification of a dendritic cell receptor that couples sensing of necrosis to immunity. Nature 2009;458:899–903.
- Yamasaki S, Ishikawa E, Sakuma M Mincle is an ITAM-coupled activating receptor that senses damaged cells. Nat Immunol 2008;9:1179–1188.
- Cho YS, Challa S, Moquin D Phosphorylation-driven assembly of the RIP1-RIP3 complex regulates programmed necrosis and virus-induced inflammation. Cell 2009;137:1112–1123.
- Beisner DR, Ch'en IL, Kolla RV Cutting edge: innate immunity conferred by B cells is regulated by caspase-8. J Immunol 2005;175:3469–3473.
- Gunther C, Neumann H, Neurath MF Apoptosis, necrosis and necroptosis: cell death regulation in the intestinal epithelium. Gut 2012.
- Northington FJ, Chavez-Valdez R, Graham EM Necrostatin decreases oxidative damage, inflammation, and injury after neonatal HI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011;31:178–189.
- Duprez L, Takahashi N, Van HF RIP kinase-dependent necrosis drives lethal systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Immunity 2011;35:908–918.
- Welz PS, Wullaert A, Vlantis K FADD prevents RIP3-mediated epithelial cell necrosis and chronic intestinal inflammation. Nature 2011;477:330–334.
- Chien H, Dix RD. Evidence for multiple cell death pathways during development of experimental cytomegalovirus retinitis in mice with retrovirus-induced immunosuppression: apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. J Virol 2012;86:10961–10978.
- Tabas I. A two-carbon switch to sterol-induced autophagic death. Autophagy 2007;3:38–41.
- Bao L, Li Y, Deng SX Sitosterol-containing lipoproteins trigger free sterol-induced caspase-independent death in ACAT-competent macrophages. J Biol Chem 2006;281:33635–33649.
- McComb S, Cheung HH, Korneluk RG cIAP1 and cIAP2 limit macrophage necroptosis by inhibiting Rip1 and Rip3 activation. Cell Death Differ 2012;19:1791–1801.
- Badley AD, Dockrell D, Simpson M Macrophage-dependent apoptosis of CD4+ T lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals is mediated by FasL and tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med 1997;185:55–64.
- Meszaros AJ, Reichner JS, Albina JE. Macrophage-induced neutrophil apoptosis. J Immunol 2000;165:435–441.
- Boyle JJ. Human macrophages kill human mesangial cells by Fas-L-induced apoptosis when triggered by antibody via CD16. Clin Exp Immunol 2004;137:529–537.
- Boyle JJ, Bowyer DE, Weissberg PL Human blood-derived macrophages induce apoptosis in human plaque-derived vascular smooth muscle cells by Fas-ligand/Fas interactions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1402–1407.
- Chen W, Sulcove J, Frank I Development of a human neuronal cell model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected macrophage-induced neurotoxicity: apoptosis induced by HIV type 1 primary isolates and evidence for involvement of the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL-sensitive intrinsic apoptosis pathway. J Virol 2002;76:9407–9419.
- Cookson BT, Brennan MA. Pro-inflammatory programmed cell death. Trends Microbiol 2001;9:113–114.
- Kepp O, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L Pyroptosis - a cell death modality of its kind? Eur J Immunol 2010;40:627–630.
- Fink SL, Cookson BT. Caspase-1-dependent pore formation during pyroptosis leads to osmotic lysis of infected host macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2006;8:1812–1825.
- Sanz AB, Santamaria B, Ruiz-Ortega M Mechanisms of renal apoptosis in health and disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;19:1634–1642.
- von MJ, Trinidad NJ, Moayeri M Rapid induction of inflammatory lipid mediators by the inflammasome in vivo. Nature 2012;490:107–111.
- Bergsbaken T, Cookson BT. Innate immune response during Yersinia infection: critical modulation of cell death mechanisms through phagocyte activation. J Leukoc Biol 2009;86:1153–1158.
- Broz P, Ruby T, Belhocine K Caspase-11 increases susceptibility to Salmonella infection in the absence of caspase-1. Nature 2012;490:288–291.
- Fink SL, Cookson BT. Pyroptosis and host cell death responses during Salmonella infection. Cell Microbiol 2007;9:2562–2570.
- Sauer JD, Witte CE, Zemansky J Listeria monocytogenes triggers AIM2-mediated pyroptosis upon infrequent bacteriolysis in the macrophage cytosol. Cell Host Microbe 2010;7:412–419.
- Rathinam VA, Jiang Z, Waggoner SN The AIM2 inflammasome is essential for host defense against cytosolic bacteria and DNA viruses. Nat Immunol 2010;11:395–402.
- Bergsbaken T, Cookson BT. Macrophage activation redirects yersinia-infected host cell death from apoptosis to caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. PLoS Pathog 2007;3:e161.
- Kovarova M, Hesker PR, Jania L NLRP1-dependent pyroptosis leads to acute lung injury and morbidity in mice. J Immunol 2012;189:2006–2016.
- Reisetter AC, Stebounova LV, Baltrusaitis J Induction of inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis by carbon black nanoparticles. J Biol Chem 2011;286:21844–21852.
- El-Achkar TM, Wu XR, Rauchman M Tamm-Horsfall protein protects the kidney from ischemic injury by decreasing inflammation and altering TLR4 expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008;295:F534–F544.