Tocotrienols have a nephroprotective action against lipid-induced chronic renal dysfunction in rats

References

• Agarwal A, Balla J, Balla G, Croatt AJ, Vercellotti GM, Nath KA. Renal tubular epithelial cells mimic endothelial cells upon exposure to oxidized LDL. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:F814–F823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stulak JM, Lerman A, Porcel MR, et al. Renal vascular function in hypercholesterolemia is preserved by chronic antioxidant supplementation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12:1882–1891
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chade AR, Rodriguez-Porcel M, Grande JP, et al. Mechanisms of renal structural alterations in combined hypercholesterolemia and renal artery stenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:1295–1301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr AC, Zhu BZ, Frei B. Potential antiatherogenic mechanisms of ascorbate (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). Circ Res. 2000;87:349–354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HS, Jeong, JY, Kim BC, Kim YS, Zhang YZ, Chung HK. Dietary antioxidant inhibits lipoprotein oxidation and renal injury in experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int. 1997;51:1151–1159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddy AA. Interstitial fibrosis in hypercholesterolemic rats: Role of oxidation, matrix synthesis, and proteolytic cascades. Kidney Int. 1998;53:1182–1189
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kasiske BL, O’Donnel MP, Cleary MP, Keane WF. Treatment of hyperlipidemia reduces glomerular injury in obese Zucker rats. Kidney Int. 1988;33:667–672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S. Tocotrienol: The natural vitamin E to defend the nervous system? Ann NY Acad Sci. 2004;1031:127–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S. Tocotrienols: Vitamin E beyond tocopherols. Life Sci. 2006;78:2088–2098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan MR, Siddiqui S, Parveen K, Javed S, Diwakar S, Siddiqui WA. Nephroprotective action of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil against potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)-induced acute renal injury in rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2010;186:228–238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqui S, Khan MR, Siddiqui WA. Comparative hypoglycemic and nephroprotective effects of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil and rice bran oil against hyperglycemia induced nephropathy in type 1 diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2010;188:651–658
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Husain K, Francois RA, Hutchinson SZ, et al. Vitamin E delta-tocotrienol levels in tumor and pancreatic tissue of mice after oral administration. Pharmacology. 2009;83:157–163
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mei HN, Yuen MC, Cheng HC, Hashim MA. Separation of vitamin E (tocopherol, tocotrienol and tocomonoenol) in palm oil. Lipids. 2004;39:1031–1035
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deepa PR, Varalakshmi P. Protective effects of certoparin sodium, a low molecular weight heparin derivative, in experimental atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2004;339(1–2):105–115
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arreola-Mendoza L, Reyes JL, Melendez E, et al. Alpha-tocopherol protects against the renal damage caused by potassium dichromate. Toxicology. 2006;218:237–246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utley HC, Bernheim F, Hachslein P. Effect of sulfhydryl reagent on peroxidation in microsome. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1967;260:521–531
   Google Scholar
• Miranda KM, Espey MG, Wink DA. A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide. 2001;5:62–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford MM. Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72:248–254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrera D, Maldonado PD, Medina-Campos ON, Hernandez-Pando R, Ibarra-Rubio ME, Pedraza-Chaverri J. HO-1 induction attenuates renal damage and oxidative stress induced by K2Cr2O7. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003;34:1390–1398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iqbal J, Minhajuddin M, Beg ZH. Suppression of 7, 12-dimethylbenz [alpha] anthracene-induced carcinogenesis and hypercholesterolaemia in rats by tocotrienol-rich fraction isolated from rice bran oil. Eur J Can Prev. 2003;12:447–453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka M, Nakaya S, Kumai T, Watanabe M, Matsumoto N, Kobayashi S. Impaired testicular function in rats with dietinduced hypercholesterolemia and/or streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Endocrine Res. 2001;27:109–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danda RS, Habiba NM, Rincon-Choles H, et al. Kidney involvement in a nongenetic rat model of type 2 diabetes. Kidney Int. 2005;68:2562–2571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingues JH, Tang N, Xu W. Studies of renal injury III: Lipid-induced nephropathy in type II diabetes. Kidney Int. 2000;57:92–104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson S, King AJ, Brenner BM. Hyperlipidemia and glomerular sclerosis. An alternative viewpoint. Am J Med. 1989;87:34N–38N
   Google Scholar
• Uhlig K, Levey AS, Sarnak MJ. Traditional cardiac risk factors in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Semin Dial. 2003;16:118–127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campese VM, Bianchi S, Bigazzi R. Association between hyperlipidemia and microalbuminuria in essential hypertension. Kidney Int. 1999;71:S10–S13
   Google Scholar
• Takemura T, Yoshioka K, Aya N, et al. Apolipoproteins and lipoprotein receptors in glomeruli in human kidney diseases. Kidney Int. 1993;43:918–927
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magil AB. Interstitial foam cells and oxidized lipoprotein in human glomerular disease. Mod Pathol. 1999;12:33–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coritsidis G, Rifici V, Gupta S, et al. Preferential binding of oxidized LDL to rat glomeruli in vivo and cultured mesangial cells in vitro. Kidney Int. 1991;39:858–866
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rovin BH, Tan LC. LDL stimulates mesangial fibronectin production and chemoattractant expression. Kidney Int. 1993;43:218–225
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta S, Rifici V, Crowley S, Brownlee M, Shan Z, Schlondorff D. Interactions of LDL and modified LDL with mesangial cells and matrix. Kidney Int. 1992;141:1161–1169
   Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Papageorgiou AA, et al. Effect of statins versus untreated dyslipidemia on renal function in patients with coronary heart disease: A subgroup analysis of the GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary-heart-disease Evaluation (GREACE) study. J Clin Pathol. 2004;57:728–734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar