14
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Upregulation of the Antithrombotic Protein C Pathway at Birth

, , &
Pages 489-499 | Received 12 Jan 1998, Accepted 09 Mar 1998, Published online: 09 Jul 2009

References

  • Manco-Johnson M, Abshire T C, Jacobson L J, Marlar R A. Severe neonatal protein C deficiency: prevalence and thrombotic risk. J Pediatr. 1991; 119: 793–798
  • Petäjä J, Lundström U, Sairanen H, Marttinen E, Griffin J H. Central venous thrombosis after cardiac surgery in children. J Thome Cardiovasc Surg. 1996; 112: 883–889
  • Berman W, Fripp R R, Yabek S M, Wernly J, Corlew S. Great vein and right atrial thrombosis in critically ill infants and children with central venous lines. Chest 1991; 99: 963–967
  • Nowak-Göttl U, Koch H G, Aschka I. Resistance to activated protein C (APCR) in children with venous or arterial thromboembolism. Br J Haematol. 1996; 92: 992–998
  • Andrew M, David M, Adams M. Venous thromboembolic complications (VTE) in children: first analyses of the Canadian registry of VTE. Blood. 1994; 83: 1251–1257
  • Hirsh J, Prins M H, Samama M. Approach to the thrombophilic patient. Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice, RW Colman, J Hirsh, VJ Marder, EW Salzman. Lippincott, Philadelphia 1994; 1543–1561
  • Mahasandana C, Suvatte V, Chuansumrit A. Homozygous protein S deficiency in an infant with purpura fulminans. J Pediatr. 1990; 117: 750–753
  • Marlar R, Montgomery R, Broekmans A. Diagnosis and treatment of homozygous protein C deficiency. J Pediatr. 1995; 114: 528–534
  • Branson H E, Katz I, Marble R, Griffin J H. Inherited protein C deficiency and coumarin-responsive chronic relapsing purpura fulminans in a newborn infant. Lancet. 1983; 2: 1165–1168
  • Seligsohn U, Berger A, Abead M. Homozygous protein C deficiency manifested by massive venous thrombosis in the newborn. N Engl J Med. 1984; 310: 559–562
  • Leclerc F, Hazelzet J, Jude B. Protein C and S deficiency in severe infectious purpura of children. A collaborative study of 40 cases. Intensive Care Med. 1992; 18: 202–205
  • Petäjä J, Peltola K, Sairanen H. Fibrinolysis, antithrombin III, and protein C in neonates during cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996; 112: 665–671
  • Andrew M, Paes B, Johnston M. Development of the hemostatic system in the neonate and young infant. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1990; 12: 95–104
  • Fernández JA, Estellés A, Gilabert J, España F, Aznar J. Functional and immunologic protein S in normal pregnant women and in full-term newborns. Thromb Haemost. 1989; 61: 474–478
  • Karpatkin M, Mannucci P M, Bhogal M, Vigano S, Nardi M. Low protein C in the neonatal period. Br J Haematol. 1986; 62: 137–142
  • Reverdiau-Moalic P, Delahousse B, Body G, Bardos P, Leroy J, Gruel Y. Evolution of blood coagulation activators and inhibitors in the healthy human fetus. Blood. 1996; 88: 900–906
  • Malm J, Bennhagen R, Holmberg L, Dahlback B. Plasma concentrations of C4b-binding protein and vitamin K-dependent protein S in term and preterm infants: low levels of protein S-C4b-binding protein complexes. Br J Haematol. 1988; 68: 445–449
  • Andrew M, Vegh P, Johnston M, Bowker J, Ofosu F, Mitchell L. Maturation of the hemostatic system during childhood. Blood. 1992; 80: 1998–2005
  • Melissari E, Nicolaides K H, Scully M F, Kakkar V V. Protein S and C4b-binding protein in fetal and neonatal blood. Br J Haematol. 1988; 70: 199–203
  • Suarez C R, Menendez C E, Walenga J M, Fareed J. Neonatal and maternal hemostasis: value of molecular markers in the assessment of hemostatic status. Semin Thromb Haemost. 1984; 10: 280–284
  • Andrew M, Schmidt B, Mitchell L, Paes B, Ofosu F. Thrombin generation in newborn plasma is critically dependent on the concentration of prothrombin. Thromb Haemost. 1990; 63: 27–30
  • Andrew M. Developmental hemostasis: relevance to thromboembolic complications in pediatric patients. Thromb Haemost. 1995; 74: 415–425
  • Gruber A, Griffin J H. Direct detection of activated protein C in blood from human subjects. Blood. 1992; 79: 2340–2348
  • Fisher M, Fernandez J A, Ameriso S F. Activated protein C resistance in ischemic stroke not due to factor V arginine506 to glutamine mutation. Stroke. 1996; 27: 1163–1166
  • Sun X, Evatt B, Griffin J H. Blood coagulation factor Va abnormality associated with resistance to activated protein C in venous thrombophilia. Blood. 1994; 83: 3120–3125
  • Heeb M J, Bischoff R, Courtney M, Griffin J H. Inhibition of activated protein C by recombinant α1-antitrypsin variants with substitution of arginine or leucine for methionine358. J Biol Chem. 1990; 265: 2365–2369
  • Heeb M J, Kojima Y, Greengard J S, Griffin J H. Activated protein C resistance: molecular mechanisms based on studies using purified Gln506-factor V. Blood. 1995; 85: 3405–3411
  • Amiral J, Grosley B, Boyer-Neumann C. New direct assay of free protein S antigen using two distinct monoclonal antibodies specific for free form. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1994; 5: 179–186
  • Griffin J H, Gruber A, Fernández JA. Reevaluation of total, free, and bound protein Sand C4b-binding protein levels in plasma anticoagulated with citrate or hirudin. Blood. 1992; 79: 3203–3211
  • Hackeng T M, Van't Veer C, Meijers J CM, Bouma B N. Human protein S inhibits prothrombinase complex activity on endothelial cells and platelets via direct interactions with factors Va and Xa. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269: 21051–21058
  • Keller F G, Ortel T L, Quinn-Allen M A, Kane W H. Thrombin-catalyzed activation of recombinant human factor V. Biochemistry. 1995; 34: 4118–4124
  • Yuen P MP, Yin J A, Lao T TH. Fibrinopeptide A levels in maternal and newborn plasma. Eur J Obstelr Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1989; 30: 239–244
  • Boldt J, Knothe C, Schindler E, Welters A, Dapper F, Hempelmann G. Thrombomodulin in pediatric cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994; 57: 1584–1589
  • Aurrousseau M H, Amiral J, Boffa M C. Level of plasma thrombomodulin in neonates and in children. Thromb Haemost. 1991; 65: 1937, (abstract)
  • Conard J, Bauer K A, Gruber A. Normalization of markers of coagulation activation with a purified protein C concentrate in adults with homozygous protein C deficiency. Blood. 1993; 82: 1159–1164
  • Hanson S R, Griffin J H, La Harker, Kelly A B, Esmon C T, Gruber A. Antithrombotic effects of throm bin-induced activation of endogenous protein C in primates. J Clin Invest. 1993; 92: 2003–2012
  • Esmon C T. The protein C anticoagulant pathway. Arteriosclr Thromb. 1992; 12: 135–145
  • Heeb M J, España F, Griffin J H. Inhibition and complexation of activated protein C by two major inhibitors in plasma. Blood. 1989; 73: 446–454
  • Heeb M J, Gruber A, Griffin J H. Identification of divalent metal ion-dependent inhibition of activated protein C by α2-macroglobulin and α2-antiplasmin in blood and comparisons to inhibition of factor Xa, thrombin, and plasmin. J Biol Chem. 1991; 266: 17606–17612
  • Fernández JA, España F, Gilabert J, Estellés A, Aznar J. Decreased levels of protein C inhibitor during pregnancy and puerperium. Rev Iberoamer Tromb Hemost. 1991; 4: 189–192
  • Fernández JA, Hackeng T M, Kojima K, Griffin J H. The carbohydrate moiety of factor V modulates inactivation by activated protein C. Blood. 1997; 89: 4348–4354
  • Griffin J H, Evatt B L, Wideman C, Fernández JA. Anticoagulant protein C pathway is defective in a majority of thrombophilic patients. Blood. 1993; 82: 1989–1993
  • Svensson P J, Dahlbäck B. Resistance to activated protein C as a basis for venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330: 517–521
  • Rees D C, Cox M, Clegg J B. World distribution of factor V Leiden. Lancet. 1995; 346: 1133–1134
  • Roster T, Rosendaal F R, DeRonde H, Briet E, Vandenbroucke J P, Bertina R. Venous thrombosis due to poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: Leiden thrombophilia study. Lancet. 1993; 342: 1503–1506
  • Pipe S W, Schmaier A H, Nichols W C, Ginsburg D, Bozynski M EA, Castle V P. Neonatal purpura ful-minans in association with factor V R506Q mutation. J Pediatr. 1996; 128: 706–709
  • Kodish E, Potter C, Kirschbaum N E, Foster P A. Activated protein C resistance in a neonate with venous thrombosis. J Pediatr. 1995; 127: 645–648
  • Schwarz H P, Muntean W, Wazke H, Richter B, Griffin J H. Low total protein S antigen but high protein S activity due to decreased C4b-binding protein in neonates. Blood. 1988; 71: 562–565
  • Gris J, Biron C, Brun S. Free protein S deficiency in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: discrepancies between protein S related assays related to plasma microparticles. Thromb Haemost. 1995; 73: 1426a, (abstract)

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.