Type I interferons in systemic autoimmunity

References

• Isaacs A, Lindenmann J. Virus interference. I. The interferon. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1957; 147:258–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pestka S, Krause CD, Walter MR. Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors. Immunol Rev. 2004; 202:8–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Boxel-Dezaire AH, Rani MR, Stark GR. Complex modulation of cell type-specific signaling in response to type I interferons. Immunity. 2006; 25:361–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn JL, Chan J, Triebold KJ, Dalton DK, Stewart TA, Bloom BR. An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med. 1993; 178:2249–2254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billiau A, Matthys P. Interferon-gamma: A historical perspective. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2009; 20:97–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotenko SV, Gallagher G, Baurin VV, Lewis-Antes A, Shen M, Shah NK, Langer JA, Sheikh F, Dickensheets H, Donnelly RP. IFN-lambdas mediate antiviral protection through a distinct class II cytokine receptor complex. Nat Immunol. 2003; 4:69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ank N, West H, Bartholdy C, Eriksson K, Thomsen AR, Paludan SR. Lambda interferon (IFN-lambda), a type III IFN, is induced by viruses and IFNs and displays potent antiviral activity against select virus infections in vivo. J Virol. 2006; 80:4501–4509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gresser I, Belardelli F. Endogenous type I interferons as a defense against tumors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2002; 13:111–118.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LaFleur DW, Nardelli B, Tsareva T, Mather D, Feng P, Semenuk M, Taylor K, Buergin M, Chinchilla D, Roshke V, Chen G, Ruben SM, Pitha PM, Coleman TA, Moore PA. Interferon-kappa, a novel type I interferon expressed in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276:39765–39771.
   Google Scholar
• Peng FW, Duan ZJ, Zheng LS, Xie ZP, Gao HC, Zhang H, Li WP, Hou YD. Purification of recombinant human interferon-epsilon and oligonucleotide microarray analysis of interferon-epsilon-regulated genes. Protein Expr Purif. 2007; 53:356–362.
   Google Scholar
• Barchet W, Cella M, Colonna M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells-virus experts of innate immunity. Semin Immunol. 2005; 17:253–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Dai J, Singh S. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and type I IFN: 50 years of convergent history. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2008; 19:3–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lande R, Gregorio J, Facchinetti V, Chatterjee B, Wang YH, Homey B, Cao W, Wang YH, Su B, Nestle FO, Zal T, Mellman I, Schröder JM, Liu YJ, Gilliet M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide. Nature. 2007; 449:564–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganguly D, Chamilos G, Lande R, Gregorio J, Meller S, Facchinetti V, Homey B, Barrat FJ, Zal T, Gilliet M. Self-RNA-antimicrobial peptide complexes activate human dendritic cells through TLR7 and TLR8. J Exp Med. 2009; 206:1983–1994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cella M, Jarrossay D, Facchetti F, Alebardi O, Nakajima H, Lanzavecchia A, Colonna M. Plasmacytoid monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce large amounts of type I interferon. Nat Med. 1999; 5:919–923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegal FP, Kadowaki N, Shodell M, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly PA, Shah K, Ho S, Antonenko S, Liu YJ. The nature of the principal type 1 interferon-producing cells in human blood. Science. 1999; 284:1835–1837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penna G, Vulcano M, Roncari A, Facchetti F, Sozzani S, Adorini L. Cutting edge: Differential chemokine production by myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2002; 169:6673–6676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penna G, Vulcano M, Sozzani S, Adorini L. Differential migration behavior and chemokine production by myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Hum Immunol. 2002; 63:1164–1171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito T, Kanzler H, Duramad O, Cao W, Liu YJ. Specialization, kinetics, and repertoire of type 1 interferon responses by human plasmacytoid predendritic cells. Blood. 2006; 107:2423–2431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller O, Kochs G, Weber F. The interferon response circuit: Induction and suppression by pathogenic viruses. Virology. 2006; 344:119–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzé G, Schreiber G, Piehler J, Pellegrini S. The receptor of the type I interferon family. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007; 316:71–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deonarain R, Chan DC, Platanias LC, Fish EN. Interferon-alpha/beta-receptor interactions: A complex story unfolding. Curr Pharm Des. 2002; 8:2131–2137.
   Google Scholar
• Overall ML, Chambers P, Hertzog PJ. Different interactions of interferon-alpha subtypes at the surface of epithelial and lymphoid cells. J Interferon Res. 1992; 12:281–288.
   Google Scholar
• Landolfo S, Gribaudo G, Angeretti A, Gariglio M. Mechanisms of viral inhibition by interferons. Pharmacol Ther. 1995; 65:415–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netherton CL, Simpson J, Haller O, Wileman TE, Takamatsu HH, Monaghan P, Taylor G. Inhibition of a large double-stranded DNA virus by MxA protein. J Virol. 2009; 83:2310–2320.
   Google Scholar
• Haller O, Staeheli P, Kochs G. Interferon-induced Mx proteins in antiviral host defense. Biochimie. 2007; 89:812–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouchi M, Ouchi T. Role of IFI16 in DNA damage and checkpoint. Front Biosci. 2008; 13:236–239.
   Google Scholar
• Song LL, Alimirah F, Panchanathan R, Xin H, Choubey D. Expression of an IFN-inducible cellular senescence gene, IFI16, is up-regulated by p53. Mol Cancer Res. 2008; 6:1732–1741.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mondini M, Vidali M, Airò P, De Andrea M, Riboldi P, Meroni PL, Gariglio M, Landolfo S. Role of the interferon-inducible gene IFI16 in the etiopathogenesis of systemic autoimmune disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007; 1110:47–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asefa B, Klarmann KD, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Keller JR. The interferon-inducible p200 family of proteins: A perspective on their roles in cell cycle regulation and differentiation. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2004; 32:155–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caposio P, Gugliesi F, Zannetti C, Sponza S, Mondini M, Medico E, Hiscott J, Young HA, Gribaudo G, Gariglio M, Landolfo S. A novel role of the interferon-inducible protein IFI16 as inducer of proinflammatory molecules in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2007; 282:33515–33529.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sponza S, De Andrea M, Mondini M, Gugliesi F, Gariglio M, Landolfo S. Role of the interferon-inducible IFI16 gene in the induction of ICAM-1 by TNF-alpha. Cell Immunol. 2009; 257:55–60.
   Google Scholar
• Weinländer K, Naschberger E, Lehmann MH, Tripal P, Paster W, Stockinger H, Hohenadl C, Stürzl M. Guanylate binding protein-1 inhibits spreading and migration of endothelial cells through induction of integrin alpha4 expression. FASEB J. 2008; 22:4168–4178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Le Bon A, Tough DF. Links between innate and adaptive immunity via type I interferon. Curr Opin Immunol. 2002; 14:432–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brassard DL, Grace MJ, Bordens RW. Interferon-alpha as an immunotherapeutic protein. J Leukoc Biol. 2002; 71:565–581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Feng D. The role of type I interferon production by dendritic cells in host defense. Biochimie. 2007; 89:843–855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochrein H, Schlatter B, O'Keeffe M, Wagner C, Schmitz F, Schiemann M, Bauer S, Suter M, Wagner H. Herpes simplex virus type-1 induces IFN-alpha production via Toll-like receptor 9-dependent and -independent pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101:11416–11421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito T, Amakawa R, Inaba M, Ikehara S, Inaba K, Fukuhara S. Differential regulation of human blood dendritic cell subsets by IFNs. J Immunol. 2001; 166:2961–2969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrantini M, Capone I, Belardelli F. Dendritic cells and cytokines in immune rejection of cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2008; 19:93–107.
   Google Scholar
• Luft T, Pang KC, Thomas E, Hertzog P, Hart DN, Trapani J, Cebon J, Type IIFNs. enhance the terminal differentiation of dendritic cells. J Immunol. 1998; 161:1947–1953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andoniou CE, van Dommelen SL, Voigt V, Andrews DM, Brizard G, Asselin-Paturel C, Delale T, Stacey KJ, Trinchieri G, Degli-Esposti MA. Interaction between conventional dendritic cells and natural killer cells is integral to the activation of effective antiviral immunity. Nat Immunol. 2005; 6:1011–1019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinkmann V, Geiger T, Alkan S, Heusser CH. Interferon alpha increases the frequency of interferon gamma-producing human CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med. 1993; 178:1655–1663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapenta C, Santini SM, Spada M, Donati S, Urbani F, Accapezzato D, Franceschini D, Andreotti M, Barnaba V, Belardelli F. IFN-alpha-conditioned dendritic cells are highly efficient in inducing cross-priming CD8(+) T cells against exogenous viral antigens. Eur J Immunol. 2006; 36:2046–2060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Bon A, Etchart N, Rossmann C, Ashton M, Hou S, Gewert D, Borrow P, Tough DF. Cross-priming of CD8+T cells stimulated by virus-induced type I interferon. Nat Immunol. 2003; 4:1009–1015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrack P, Kappler J, Mitchell T. Type I interferons keep activated T cells alive. J Exp Med. 1999; 189:521–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikopoulos N, Bertoletti A, Kroger A, Hauser H, Schirmbeck R, Reimann J. Type I negatively regulates CD8+ T cell responses through IL-10-producing CD4+ T regulatory 1 cells. J Immunol. 2005; 174:99–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chawla-Sarkar M, Lindner DJ, Liu YF, Williams BR, Sen GC, Silverman RH, Borden EC. Apoptosis and interferons: role of interferon-stimulated genes as mediators of apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2003; 8:237–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrero JA, Calderon B, Unanue ER. Type I interferon sensitizes lymphocytes to apoptosis and reduces resistance to Listeria infection. J Exp Med. 2004; 200:535–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Bon A, Schiavoni G, D'Agostino G, Gresser I, Belardelli F, Tough DF. Type I interferons potently enhance humoral immunity and can promote isotype switching by stimulating dendritic cells in vivo. Immunity. 2001; 14:461–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaperot L, Blum A, Manches O, Lui G, Angel J, Molens JP, Plumas J. Virus or TLR agonists induce TRAIL-mediated cytotoxic activity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2006; 176:248–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riboldi E, Daniele R, Cassatella MA, Sozzani S, Bosisio D. Engagement of BDCA-2 blocks TRAIL-mediated cytotoxic activity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Immunobiology. 2009; 214:868–876.
   Google Scholar
• Yang HX, Yi YR. Curative effect of interferon-alpha on rat liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2008; 33:919–925.
   Google Scholar
• Tasci I, Mas MR, Vural SA, Deveci S, Comert B, Alcigir G, Mas N, Akay C, Bozdayi M, Yurdaydin C, Bozkaya H, Uzunalimoglu O, Isik AT, Said HM. Pegylated interferon-alpha plus taurine in treatment of rat liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2007; 13:3237–3244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everson GT, Balart L, Lee SS, Reindollar RW, Shiffman ML, Minuk GY, Pockros PJ, Govindarajan S, Lentz E, Heathcote EJ. Histological benefits of virological response to peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy in patients with hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 27:542–551.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baccala R, Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Interferons as pathogenic effectors in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev. 2005; 204:9–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theofilopoulos AN, Baccala R, Beutler B, Kono DH. Type I interferons (alpha/beta) in immunity and autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005; 23:307–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crow MK. Type I interferon in systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007; 316:359–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rönnblom L, Pascual V. The innate immune system in SLE: Type I interferons and dendritic cells. Lupus. 2008; 17:394–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manea ME, Mueller RB, Dejica D, Sheriff A, Schett G, Herrmann M, Kern P. Increased expression of CD154 and FAS in SLE patients’ lymphocytes. Rheumatol Int. 2009 [Epub ahead of print].
   Google Scholar
• Herrmann M, Zoller OM, Hagenhofer M, Voll R, Kalden JR. What triggers anti-dsDNA antibodies?. Mol Biol Rep. 1996; 23:265–267.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dall'era MC, Cardarelli PM, Preston BT, Witte A, Davis JCJr. Type I interferon correlates with serological and clinical manifestations of SLE. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005; 64:1692–1697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomberg S, Eloranta ML, Cederblad B, Nordlin K, Alm GV, Rönnblom L. Presence of cutaneous interferon-alpha producing cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2001; 10:484–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan B, Ye S, Chen G, Kuang M, Shen N, Chen S. Dysfunctional CD4+, CD25+ regulatory T cells in untreated active systemic lupus erythematosus secondary to interferon-alpha-producing antigen-presenting cells. Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 58:801–812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz LE, Janko C, Grossmayer GE, Frey B, Voll RE, Kern P, Kalden JR, Schett G, Fietkau R, Herrmann M, Gaipl US. Remnants of secondarily necrotic cells fuel inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 60:1733–1742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawasaki A, Kyogoku C, Ohashi J, Miyashita R, Hikami K, Kusaoi M, Tokunaga K, Takasaki Y, Hashimoto H, Behrens TW, Tsuchiya N. Association of IRF5 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus in a Japanese population: support for a crucial role of intron 1 polymorphisms. Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 58:826–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham RR, Kyogoku C, Sigurdsson S, Vlasova IA, Davies LR, Baechler EC, Plenge RM, Koeuth T, Ortmann WA, Hom G, Bauer JW, Gillett C, Burtt N, Cunninghame Graham DS, Onofrio R, Petri M, Gunnarsson I, Svenungsson E, Rönnblom L, Nordmark G, Gregersen PK, Moser K, Gaffney PM, Criswell LA, Vyse TJ, Syvänen AC, Bohjanen PR, Daly MJ, Behrens TW, Altshuler D. Three functional variants of IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) define risk and protective haplotypes for human lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104:6758–6763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rottoli P, Magi B, Perari MG, Liberatori S, Nikiforakis N, Bargagli E, Cianti R, Bini L, Pallini V. Cytokine profile and proteome analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis associated with systemic sclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Proteomics. 2005; 5:1423–1430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black CM, Silman AJ, Herrick AI, Denton CP, Wilson H, Newman J, Pompon L, Shi-Wen X. Interferon-alpha does not improve outcome at one year in patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 1999; 42:299–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schapira D, Nahir AM, Hadad N. Interferon-induced Raynaud's syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002; 32:157–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iorio R, Spagnuolo MI, Sepe A, Zoccali S, Alessio M, Vegnente A. Severe Raynaud's phenomenon with chronic hepatis C disease treated with interferon. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003; 22:195–197.
   Google Scholar
• Beretta L, Caronni M, Vanoli M, Scorza R. Systemic sclerosis after interferon-alfa therapy for myeloproliferative disorders. Br J Dermatol. 2002; 147:385–386.
   Google Scholar
• Airo' P, Scarsi M, Rossi M, Mondini M. Onset and enhancement of systemic sclerosis after treatments for multiple sclerosis. Rheumatol Int. 2008; 28:703–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondini M, Vidali M, De Andrea M, Azzimonti B, Airò P, D'Ambrosio R, Riboldi P, Meroni PL, Albano E, Shoenfeld Y, Gariglio M, Landolfo S. A novel autoantigen to differentiate limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis from diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: the interferon-inducible gene IFI16. Arthritis Rheum. 2006; 54:3939–3944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Airò P, Ghidini C, Zanotti C, Scarsi M, Cattaneo R, Caimi L, Imberti L. Upregulation of myxovirus-resistance protein A: a possible marker of type I interferon induction in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2008; 35:2192–2200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim D, Peck A, Santer D, Patole P, Schwartz SM, Molitor JA, Arnett FC, Elkon KB. Induction of interferon-alpha by scleroderma sera containing autoantibodies to topoisomerase I: association of higher interferon-alpha activity with lung fibrosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 58:2163–2173.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor PC. Anti-cytokines and cytokines in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Pharm Des. 2003; 9:1095–1106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roelofs MF, Wenink MH, Brentano F, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, Oppers-Walgreen B, Barrera P, van Riel PL, Joosten LA, Kyburz D, van den Berg WB, Radstake TR. Type I interferons might form the link between Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3/7 and TLR4 mediated synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68:1486–1493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ionescu C, Micu L, Constantinescu I, Hortopan M, Ursaciuc C, Voiculescu M. Prolonged treatment with interferon alpha and peginterferon induces rheumatoid arthritis syndrome and erythema nodosum. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2008; 17:211–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passos de Souza E, Evangelista Segundo PT, José FF, Lemaire D, Santiago M. Rheumatoid arthritis induced by alpha-interferon therapy. Clin Rheumatol. 2001; 20:297–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sood A, Midha V, Sood N. Rheumatoid arthritis probably induced by pegylated interferon in a patient with chronic hepatitis C. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2004; 23:28–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cuchacovich R, Espinoza CG, Virk Z, Espinoza LR. Biologic therapy (TNF-alpha antagonists)-induced psoriasis: A cytokine imbalance between TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha?. J Clin Rheumatol. 2008; 14:353–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niewold TB, Kariuki SN, Morgan GA, Shrestha S, Pachman LM. Elevated serum interferon-alpha activity in juvenile dermatomyositis: Associations with disease activity at diagnosis and after thirty-six months of therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 60:1815–1824.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walsh RJ, Kong SW, Yao Y, Jallal B, Kiener PA, Pinkus JL, Beggs AH, Amato AA, Greenberg SA, Type I. interferon-inducible gene expression in blood is present and reflects disease activity in dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 56:3784–3792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Padilla CM, Reed AM. Dendritic cells and the immunopathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008; 20:669–674.
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg SA, Pinkus GS, Amato AA, Pinkus JL. Myeloid dendritic cells in inclusion-body myositis and polymyositis. Muscle Nerve. 2007; 35:17–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietrich LL, Bridges AJ, Albertini MR. Dermatomyositis after interferon alpha treatment. Med Oncol. 2000; 17:64–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ship JA, Fox PC, Michalek JE, Cummins MJ, Richards AB. Treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome with low-dose natural human interferon-alpha administered by the oral mucosal route: A phase II clinical trial. IFN Protocol Study Group. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1999; 19:943–951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiozawa S, Tanaka Y, Shiozawa K. Single-blinded controlled trial of low-dose oral IFN-alpha for the treatment of xerostomia in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1998; 18:255–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khurshudian AV. A pilot study to test the efficacy of oral administration of interferon-alpha lozenges to patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003; 95:38–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferraccioli GF, Salaffi F, De Vita S, Casatta L, Avellini C, Carotti M, Beltrami CA, Cervini C, Bartoli E. Interferon alpha-2 (IFN alpha 2) increases lacrimal and salivary function in Sjögren's syndrome patients. Preliminary results of an open pilot trial versus OH-chloroquine. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1996; 14:367–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng L, Zhang Z, Yu C, Tu L, Zhong L, Yang C. Association between IFN-alpha and primary Sjogren's syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009; 107:e12–e18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unoki H, Moriyama A, Tabaru A, Masumoto A, Otsuki M. Development of Sjögren's syndrome during treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha-2b for chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol. 1996; 31:723–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar