References
- Eisenbrand G. Glycyrrhizin: opinion of the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) 2006. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007;50:1087–1088
- Lin G, Nnane IP, Cheng TY. The effects of pretreatment with glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid on the retrorsine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicon 1999;37:1259–1270
- Shamsa F, Ohtsuki K, Hasanzadeh K, Rezazadeh SH. The anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects of an ethnic medicine: glycyrrhizin. J Med Plants 2010;9:1–28
- Shibata S. A drug over the millennia: pharmacognosy, chemistry, and pharmacology of licorice. J Biol Chem 2000;120:849–862
- Ohuchi K, Kamada Y, Tsurufuji S. Glycyrrhizin inhibits prostaglandin E2 production by activated peritoneal macrophages from rats. Prostaglandins Med 1981;7:457–463
- Matsui S, Matsumoto H, Sonoda Y, et al. Glycyrrhizin and related compounds down-regulate production of inflammatory chemokines IL-8 and eotaxin 1 in a human lung fibroblast cell line. Int Immunopharmacol 2004;4:1633–1644
- Zakirov UB, Abdullaev AKH. The hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic properties of the ammonium salt of glycyrrhetic acid and of 18-dehydroglycyrrhetic acid. Eksp Klin Farmakol 1996;59:53–55
- Zheng QZ, Lou YJ. Pathologic characteristics of immunologic injury in primary cultured rat hepatocytes and protective effect of glycyrrhizin in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2003;24:771–777
- Véliz LP, González FG, Duling BR, et al. Functional role of gap junctions in cytokine-induced leukocyte adhesion to endothelium in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008;295:H1056–H1066
- Yuan H, Ji WS, Wu KX, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:4578–4581
- Kim J, Joo I, Kim H, Han Y. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid induces immunological adjuvant activity of Th1 against Candida albicans surface mannan extract. Phytomedicine 2013;15:951--955
- Liu K, Nussenzweig MC. Development and homeostasis of dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2010;40:2099–2102
- Probst H, Lagnel J, Kollias G, van den Broek M. Inducible transgenic mice reveal resting dendritic cells as potent inducers of CD8+ T cell tolerance. Immunity 2003;18:713–720
- Yamazaki S, Bonito AJ, Spisek R, et al. Dendritic cells are specialized accessory cells along with TGF-β for the differentiation of Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells from peripheral Foxp3− precursors. Blood 2007;110:4293–4302
- Zaft T, Sapoznikov A, Krauthgamer R, et al. CD11c high dendritic cell ablation impairs lymphopenia-driven proliferation of naïve and memory CD8+ T cells. J Immunol 2005;175:6428–6435
- Abe M, Thomson AW. Influence of immunosuppressive drugs on dendritic cells. Transpl Immunol 2003;11:357–365
- Hackstein H, Thomson AW. Dendritic cells: emerging pharmacological targets of immunosuppressive drugs. Nat Rev Immunol 2004;4:24–34
- Bordbar N, Karimi MH, Amirghofran Z. The effect of glycyrrhizin on maturation and T cell stimulating activity of dendritic cells. Cell Immunol 2012;280:44–49
- Amirghofran Z, Ahmadi H, karimi M. Immunomodulatory activity of the water extract of Thymus vulgaris, Thymus daenensis and Zataria multiflora on dendritic cells and T cells responses. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2012;33:388–402
- Zarnani AH, Moazzeni SM, Shokri M, et al. The efficient isolation of murine splenic dendritic cells and their cytochemical features. Histochem Cell Biol 2006;126:275–282
- Amirghofran Z, Hashemzadeh R, Javidnia K, et al. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of extracts from three plants of the Labiatae family and isolation of the active compound(s). J Immunotoxicol 2011;8:265–273
- Csomor E, Bajtay Z, Sandor N, et al. Complement protein C1q induces maturation of human dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2007;44:3389–3397
- Zitvogel L, Terme M, Borg C, Trinchieri G. Dendritic cell–NK cell cross-talk: regulation and physiopathology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2006;298:157–174
- Brasel K, De Smedt T, Smith JL, Maliszewski CR. Generation of murine dendritic cells from flt3-ligand-supplemented bone marrow cultures. Blood 2000;96:3029–3039
- Boonstra A, Rajsbaum R, Holman M, et al. Macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells, but not plasmacytoid dendritic cells, produce IL-10 in response to MyD88- and TRIF-dependent TLR signals, and TLR-independent signals. J Immunol 2006;177:7551–7558
- Holscher C. The power of combinatorial immunology: IL-12 and IL-12-related dimeric cytokines in infectious diseases. Med Microbiol Immunol 2004;193:1–17
- Ouyang W, Rutz S, Crellin NK, et al. Regulation and functions of the IL-10 family of cytokines in inflammation and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2011;29:71–109
- Honda H, Nagai Y, Matsunaga T, et al. Glycyrrhizin and isoliquiritigenin suppress the LPS sensor Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex signaling in a different manner. J Leukoc Biol 2012;91:967–976
- Li XL, Zhou AG. Evaluation of the immunity activity of glycyrrhizin in AR mice. Molecules 2012;12:716–727
- Ni YF, Kuai JK, Lu ZF, et al. Glycyrrhizin treatment is associated with attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. J Surg Res 2011;165:29–35
- Gui M, Li Y, Wu T, et al. Effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on the expression of inflammatory factors in fibroblast-like synovial cells from collagen induced arthritis rats. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2012;28:915–919
- Kim JY, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Ryu JH. Induction of nitric oxide synthase by saponins of heat-processed ginseng. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2005;69:891–895
- Peng LN, Li L, Qiu YF, et al. Glycyrrhetinic acid extracted from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. induces the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in Ana-1 murine macrophages. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2011;13:942–950
- Hua H, Liang Z, Li W, et al. Phenotypic and functional maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs) induced by purified Glycyrrhizin (GL). Int Immunopharmacol 2012;12:518–525
- Steinman RM, Gutchinov B, Witmer MD, Nussenzweig MC. Dendritic cells are the principal stimulators of the primary mixed leukocyte reaction in mice. J Exp Med 1983;157:613--627
- Li HE, Qiu JZ, Yang ZQ, et al. Glycyrrhetinic acid protects mice from Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Fitoterapia 2012;83:241–248
- Zhao X, Fan Y, Wang D, et al. Immunological adjuvant efficacy of glycyrrhetinic acid liposome against Newcastle disease vaccine. Vaccine 2011;6:9611–9617
- Abe N, Akbar F, Hasebe A, et al. Glycyrrhizin enhances interleukin-10 production by liver dendritic cells in mice with hepatitis. J Gastroenterol 2003;38:962–967
- Abe N, Ebina T, Ishida N. Interferon induction by glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid in mice. Microbiol Immunol 1982;26:535–539