References
- Bousquet J, Jeffery PK, Busse WW, et al. Asthma: from bronchoconstriction to airways inflammation and remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:1720–1745
- Howarth PH, Knox AJ, Amrani Y, et al. Synthetic responses in airway smooth muscle. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;114:S32–S50
- Svensson Holm AC, Bengtsson T, Grenegard M, Lindström EG. Platelet membranes induce airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. Platelets 2011;22:45–55
- Goncharova EA, Lim PN, Chisolm A, et al. Interferons modulate mitogen-induced protein synthesis in airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010;299:L25–L35
- Gabazza EC, Taguchi O, Kamada H, et al. Progress in the understanding of protease activated receptors. Int J Hematol 2004;79:117–122
- Patterson C, Stouffer GA, Madamanchi N, Runge MS. New tricks for old dogs. Nonthrombotic effects of thrombin in vessel wall biology. Circ Res 2001;88:987–997
- Hauck RW, Schulz C, Schomig A, et al. α-Thrombin stimulates contraction of human bronchial rings by activation of protease activated receptors. Lung Physiol 1999;277:L22–L29
- Ossovskaya VS, Bunnett NW. Protease-activated receptors: contribution to physiology and disease. Physiol Rev 2004;84:579–621
- Weiwei Zhu, Meirong Bi, Yu Liu, et al. Thrombin promotes airway remodeling via protease-activated receptor-1 and transforming growth factor-b1 in ovalbumin-allergic rats. Inhal Toxicol 2013;25:577–586
- Johnson GL, Lapadat R. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediated by ERK, JNK, and p38 protein kinases. Science 2002;298:1911–1912
- Bai J, Liu XS, Xu YJ, et al. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in airway smooth muscle cell proliferation in chronic asthmatic rats. Acta Physiol Sin 2007;59:311–318
- Xie M, Liu XS, Xu YJ, et al. Role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway in regulating the secretion of bronchial smooth muscle cells in a rat model of chronic asthma. Chin Med J 2008;121:73–77
- Liu B, Ryer EJ, Kundi R, et al. Protein kinase C-delta regulates migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. J Vasc Surg 2007;45:160–168
- Li L, Zhang YM, Qiao WL, et al. Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the regulation of paraventricular nucleus to gastric ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Chin Med J 2007;120:1082–1087
- Penna F, Costamagna D, Fanzani A, et al. Muscle wasting and impaired myogenesis in tumor bearing mice are prevented by ERK inhibition. PLoS One 2010;5:e13604
- Xie M, Liu XS, Xu YJ, et al. Role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signalling pathway in migration of bronchial smooth muscle cells of chronic asthmatic rats. Acta Physiol Sin 2007;59:94–102
- Li YY, Liu XS, Liu C, et al. Role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in regulating expression of interleukin 13 in lymphocytes from an asthmatic rat model. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010;123:1715–1719
- Zhou Y, Zhou X, Wang X. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevented allergic asthma in a rat model by suppressing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Allergy Asthma Proc 2008;29:258–267
- Moffatt JD, Lever R, Page CP. Effects of inhaled thrombin receptor agonists in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2004;143:269–275
- Marty I, Péclat V, Kirdaite G, et al. Amelioration of collagen induced arthritis by thrombin inhibition. J Clin Invest 2001;107:631–640
- Penna F, Costamagna D, Fanzani A, et al. Muscle wasting and impaired myogenesis in tumor bearing mice are prevented by ERK inhibition. PLoS One 2010;5:e13604
- Yasui H, Gabazza EC, Tamaki S, et al. Intratracheal administration of activated protein c inhibits bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in the mouse. Am J Respir Care Med 2001;163:1660–1668
- Manning G, Whyte DB, Martinez R, et al. The protein kinase complement of the human genome. Science 2002;298:1912–1934
- Wang K, Liu CT, Wu YH, et al. Effects of formoterol-budesonide on airway remodeling in patients with moderate asthma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011;32:126–132
- Lents NH, Keenan SM, Bellone C, Baldassare JJ. Stimulation of the Raf-MEK-ERK cascade is necessary and sufficient for activation and Thr-160 phosphorylation of a nuclear-targeted CDK2. Biol Chem 2002;277:47469–47475
- Pages G, Lenormand P, L’Allemain G, et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinases p42mapk and p44mapk are required for fibroblast proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:8319–8323
- Teng ZP, Xing FY, Wang T, Li LP. Effect of extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 specific repressor PD98059 on murine lymphocyte proliferation. Chin J Cell Mol Immunol 2007;23:102–105
- Yamashita M, Kimura M, Kubo M, et al. T cel1 antigen receptor-mediated activation of the Rasmitogen-activated protein kinase pathway controls interleukin 4 receptor function and type-2 helper T cell differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:1024–1029
- Bai J, Liu XS, Xu YJ, et al. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in airway smooth muscle cell proliferation in chronic asthmatic rats. Acta Physiol Sin 2007;59:311–318
- Isenovic ER, Kedees MH, Haidara MA, et al. Involvement of ERK1/2 kinase in insulin-and thrombin-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Angiology 2010;61:357–364
- Kawano Y, Furukawa Y, Kawano Y, et al. Thrombin-induced chemokine production in endometrial stromal cells. Hum Reprod 2011;26:407–413
- Zhou SY, Xiao W, Pan XJ, et al. Thrombin promotes human lung fibroblasts to proliferate via NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species/extracellular regulated kinase signaling pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010;123:2432–2439
- Panettieri RA Jr, Hall IP, Maki CS, Murray RK. α-Thrombin increases cytosolic calcium and induces human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995;13:205–216
- Kawano Y, Furukawa Y, Kawano Y. Thrombin-induced chemokine production in endometrial stromal cells. Hum Reprod 2011;26:407–413
- Cisowski J, O'Callaghan K, Kuliopulos A. Targeting protease-activated receptor-1 with cell-penetrating pepducins in lung cancer. Am J Pathol 2011;179:513–523
- Ossovskaya VS, Bunnett NW. Protease-activated receptors: contribution to physiology and disease. Physiol Rev 2004;84:579–621
- Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Shpacovitch V, et al. Proteinase-activated receptors: transducers of proteinase-mediated signaling in inflammation and immune response. Endocr Rev 2005;26:1–43
- DiCosmo BF, Geba D, Picarella JA, et al. Airway targeted interleukin-6 transgenic mice uncoupling of airway inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity. J Clin Invest 1994;94:2028–2035
- Ammit AJ, Moir LM, Oliver BG, et al. Effect of IL-6 trans-signaling on the pro-remodeling phenotype of airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007;292:1199–1206
- Qiu Z, Fujimura M, Kurashima K, et al. Enhanced airway inflammation and decreased subepithelial fibrosis in interleukin 6-deficient mice following chronic exposure to aerosolized antigen. Clin Exp Allergy 2004;34:1321–1328
- Chung SW, Park JW, Lee SA, et al. Thrombin promotes proinflammatory phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010;396:748–754