VEGF Application on Rat Skin Flap Survival

REFERENCES

• Edington HE. Wound healing. In: Basic Science Review for Surgeons. Simmons RL, Steed DL, eds. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1992:41–55.
   Google Scholar
• Attisano L, Wrana JL, Lopez-Casillas F, TGF-beta receptors and actions: minireview. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1994;1222:71–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deuel TF, Kawahara RS, Mustoe TA, Growth factors and wound healing: platelet-derived growth factor as a model cytokine. Ann Rev Med. 1991;42:567–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman J, Klagsburn M. Angiogenic factors. Science 1987;235:442–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knighton DR, Ciresi KF, Fiegel V, Classifications and treatment of chronic nonhealing wounds. Ann Surg. 1986;104:322–330.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch SE, Nixon JC, Colvin RB, Role of platelet-derived growth factor in wound healing: synergistic effects with growth factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987;84:7696–7697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houck KA, Leung DW, Rowland AM, Dual regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor bioavailability by genetic and proteolytic mechanisms. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:26031–26037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park JE, Keller GA, Ferrara N. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms: differential deposition into the subepithelial extracellular matrix and bioactivity of extracellular matrix-bound VEGF. Mol Biol Cell. 1993;4:1317–1326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flamme I, von Reutern M, Drexler HC, Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the avian embryo induces hypervascularization and increased vascular permeability without alterations of embryonic pattern formation. Dev Biol. 1995;171:399–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hippenstiel S, Krull M, Ikemann A, VEGF induces hyperpermeability by a direct action on endothelial cells. Am J Physiol. 1998;274:L678–L684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang R, Thomas GR, Bunting S, Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on hemodynamics and cardiac performance. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1996;27:838–844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steed DL. The role of growth factors in wound healing. Surg Clin North Am. 1997;77:575–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khouri RK, Brown DM, Leal–Khouri SM, The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the neovascularization process: skin flap survival and staged flap transfers. Br J Plast Surg. 1991;44:585–588.
   Google Scholar
• Kryger Z, Zhang F, Dogan T, The effects of VEGF on survival of a random flap in the rat: examination of various routes of administration. Br J Plast Surg. 2000;53:234–239.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu WW, Ip WY, Jing WM, Biomechanical properties of thin skin flap after basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) administration. Br J Plast Surg. 2000;53:225–229.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nall AV, Brownlee RE, Colvin CP, Transforming growth factor beta 1 improves wound healing and random flap survival in normal and irradiated rats. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;122:171–177.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ishiguro N, Yabe Y, Shimizu T, Basic fibroblast growth factor has a beneficial effect on the viability of random skin flaps in rats. Ann Plast Surg. 1994;32:356–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid MA, Akita S, Razzaque MS, Coadministration of basic fibroblast growth factor and sucrose octasulfate (sucralfate) facilitates the rat dorsal flap survival and viability. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103:941–948.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Im MJ, Kim YS, Edwards RJ, The effect of bovine basic fibroblast growth factor on skin flap survival in rats. Ann Plast Surg. 1992;28:242–245.
   Google Scholar
• Barrientos S, Stojadinovic O, Golinko MS, Growth factors and cytokines in wound healing. Wound Repair Regen. 2008;16(5):585–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath MH. Peptide growth factors and wound healing. Clin Plast Surg. 1990;17:421–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothe MJ, Falanga V. Growth factors and wound healing. Clin Dermatol. 1992;9:553–559.
   Google Scholar
• Senger DR, Ledbetter SR, Claffey KP, Stimulation of endothelial cell migration by vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor through cooperative mechanisms involving the alphavbeta3 integrin, osteopontin, and thrombin. Am J Pathol. 1996;149:293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papapetropoulos A, Garcia-Cardena G, Madri JA, Nitric oxide production contributes to the angiogenic properties of vascular endothelial growth factor in human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:3131–3139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alon T, Hemo I, Itin A, Vascular endothelial growth factor acts as a survival factor for newly formed retinal vessels and has implications for retinopathy of prematurity. Nat Med. 1995;1:1024–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arkonac BM, Foster LC, Sibinga NE, Vascular endothelial growth factor induces heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1998;273(8):4400–4405.
   Google Scholar
• Dahlfors G, Arnqvist, HJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-1 regulate the expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3, -4, and -5 in large vessel endothelial cells. Endocrinology 2000;141(6):2062–2067.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuma K, Naruse K, Suzuma I, Vascular endothelial growth factor induces expression of connective tissue growth factor via KDR, Flt1, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-akt-dependent pathways in retinal vascular cells. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(52):40725–40731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang F, Oswald T, Lin S, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and the effect of exogenous VEGF on survival of a random flap in the rat. Br J Plast Surg. 2003:56(7):653–659.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yan H, Zhang F, Kochevar AJ, The effect of postconditioning on the muscle flap survival after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Invest Surg. 2010;23(5): 249–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machens HG, Salehi JS, Weich H, Angiogenic effects of injected VEGF165 and sVEGFR-1 (sFLT-1) in a rat flap model. J Surg Res. 2003;111:136–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krum JM, Mani N, Rosenstein JM. Angiogenic and astroglial response to vascular endothelial growth factor administration in adult rat brain. Neuroscience 2002;110:589–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettersson A, Nagy JA, Brown CS, Heterogeneity of the angiogenic response induced in different normal adult tissues by vascular permeability factor/vascular growth factor. Lab Invest. 2000;80:99–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel MF, Ramasastry SS, Swartz WM, The critical relationship between free radicals and degrees of ischemia: evidence for tissue intolerance of marginal perfusion. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988;81:233–239.
   Google Scholar
• Kerrigan CL, Daniel RK. Critical ischemic time and the failing skin flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982;69:986–989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May JW, Chait LA, O'Brien BM, The no-reflow phenomenon in experimental free flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1978;61:256–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton SH. Experimental studies on island flaps: ischemia and delay. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1972;49:444–447.
   Google Scholar
• Selye H. Ischemic necrosis: prevention by stress. Science 1967;156:1262–1263.
   Google Scholar
• Willms-Kretschmer K, Majno G. Ischemia of the skin: electron microscopic study of vascular injury. Am J Pathol. 1969;54:327–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips L, Toledo AH, Lopez-Neblina F, Nitric oxide mechanism of protection in ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Invest Surg. 2009;22(1):46–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zachary I. Vascular endothelial growth factor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1998;30:1169–1174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto E, Ogita T, Nakaoka T, Rapid induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by transient ischemia in rat heart. Am J Physiol. 1994;267: H1948–H1954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte M, Barbul A. Role of nitric oxide in wound repair. Am J Surg. 2002;183:406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Marschall Z, Cramer T, Höcker M, Dual mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation by hypoxia in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2001;48(1):87–96.
   Google Scholar
• Stein I, Neeman M, Shweiki D, Stabilization of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA by hypoxia and hypoglycemia and coregulation with other ischemia-induced genes. Mol Cell Biol. 1995;15:5363–5368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan A, Ashrafpour H, Huang N, Acute local subcutaneous VEGF165 injection for augmentation of skin flap viability: efficacy and mechanism. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004;287(5):R1219–R1229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar