Pentoxifylline Accelerates Wound Healing Process by Modulating Gene Expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 in Normoglycemic Rats

REFERENCES

• Goldberg SR, Diglemann RF. Wound healing primer. Surg Clin North Am. 2010;90:1133–1146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffcoate WJ, Price P, Harding KG. Wound healing and treatments for people with diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2004;20(Suppl. 1):78–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank S, Hubner G, Breier G, et al. Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cultured keratinocytes. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:12607–12613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blakytny R, Jude E. The molecular biology of chronic wounds and delayed healing in diabetes. Diabetes Med. 2006;23:594–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soma Y, Dvonch V, Grotendors GR. Platelet-derived growth factor AA homodimer is the predominant isoform in human platelets and acute human wound fluid. FASEB J. 1992;6:2996–3001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visse R, Nagase H. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function, and biochemistry. Circ Res. 2001;92:827–839.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woessner JF, Nagase H. Matrix Metalloproteinases and TIMPs. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Wong TTL, Sethi C, Daniels JT, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases in disease and repair processes in the anterior segment. Surv of Ophthalmol. 2002;47:239–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy G, Gavrilovic J. Proteolysis and cell migration: creating a path. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1999;11:614–621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aviado DM, Porter JM. Pentoxifylline: a new drug for the treatment of intermittent claudication. Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and adverse effects. Pharmacotherapy. 1984;4:297–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin SL, Chen YM, Chien CT, et al. Pentoxifylline attenuated the renal disease progression in rats with remnant kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13:2916–2929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan GW, Carper HT, Novick WJ Jr, et al. Inhibition of the inflammatory action of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (alpha) on neutrophil function by pentoxifylline. Infect Immun. 1988;56:1722–729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebag J, Tang M, Brown S, et al. Effects of PTX on choroidal blood flow in nonproliferative DB retinopathy. J Vascular Dis. 1994;45:429–433.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, QG, Zheng FL, Hou FF. Inhibition of tubulointerstitial fibrosis by pentoxifylline is associated with improvement of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Acta Pharmacologica Sin. 2009;30:98–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Campus T, Deree J, Martins JO. Pentoxifylline attenuates pulmonary inflammation and neutrophil activation in experimental acute pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2008;37:42–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan TP, Eaglstein WH, Davis SC, et al. The pig as a model for human wound healing. Wound Rep Reg. 2001;9:66–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuković M, Lapcević M. The role of pentoxifylline in nitrogen conversion in patients suffering from diabetic phlegmona of the foot. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2006;134(Suppl. 2):119–221.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Subramanian K, Pech C, Stacey M, et al. Introduction of MMP-1, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in normal dermal fibroblasts by chronic venus leg ulcer wound fluid. Int Wound J. 2008;5:79–86.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yager DR, Nwomeh BC. The proteolytic environment of chronic wounds. Wound Rep Reg. 1999;7:433–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques l, Zheng L, Poularis N, et al. PTX inhibits TNF-α production from human alveolar macrophages. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:508–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrari P, Mallon D, Trinder D, et al. Pentoxifylline improves haemoglobin and interleukin-6 levels in chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton). 2010;15:344–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karasoy A, Kuran I, Turan T, et al. The effect of pentoxifylline on the healing of full- thickness skin defects of diabetic and normal rats. Eur J Plast Surg. 2002;25:253–257.
   Google Scholar
• Duan WR, Patyna S, Kuhlmann MA, et al. A multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU6668, does not affect the healing of cutaneous full-thickness incisional wounds in SKH-1 mice. J Invest Surg. 2006;19:245–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vourtsis SA, Spyriounis PK, Agrogiannis GD, et al. VEGF application on rat skin flap survival. J Invest Surg. 2012;25:14–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babaei S, Bayat M, Nouruzian M, et al. Pentoxifylline improves cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;700:165–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabiri G, DiPersio CM. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In: Wound Healing. Falabella AF, Kirsner RS, eds. Boca Raston, FL: Taylor & Francis Groups LLC; 2005:49–58.
   Google Scholar
• Brummer O, Böhmer G, Hollwitz B, et al. MMP-1 and MMP-2 in the cervix uteri in different steps of malignant transformation- an immunohistochemical study. Gynecol Oncol. 2002;84:222–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks WC. Matrix metalloproteinases in repair. Wound Rep Reg. 1999;7:423–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulgueras AR, Pendás AM, Sánchez LM, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: from new functions to improved inhibition strategies. Int J Dev Biol. 2004;48:411–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawronska K. Scarless skin wound healing in FOXN1 deficient (nude) mice is associated with distinctive matrix metalloprtoteinase expression. Matrix Biol. 2011;30:290–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahari VM, Saarialh O, Kere U. Matrix metalloproteinases in skin. Exp Dermatol. 1997;6:199–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaalamo M, Leiva T, Saarialho-Kere U. Differential expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1,-2,-3, and -4) in normal and aberrant wound healing. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:795–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falanga V, Roy MF, Diaz C, et al. Systemic treatment of venous leg ulcers with high doses of PTX: efficacy in a randomized placebo controlled trial. Wound Rep Reg. 1999;7:208–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilhou J, Dereure O, Marzin L, et al. Efficacy of Daflon 500 mg in venous leg ulcer healing: a double-blind, randomized, controlled versus placebo trial in 107 patients. Angiology. 1997;48:77–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgeson RE, Christiano AM. The dermal-epidermal junction. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1997;9:651–658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar