175
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
HISTORICAL NOTE

Crawford Williamson Long: The True Pioneer of Surgical Anesthesia

, MD, PhD, FACS & , MD
Pages 181-187 | Received 16 Mar 2015, Accepted 01 Jun 2015, Published online: 10 Aug 2015

REFERENCES

  • Pérez CJ, Abejón C, Ortiz JR, et al. El dolor y su tratamiento a través de la historia. Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor. 2005;12:373–84.
  • Dudley W. Buxton, M.D. Crawford Williamson Long (1815–1879): The Pioneer of Anaesthesia and the first to suggest and employ Ether Inhalation during Surgical Operations. Proc R Soc Med. 1912;5(Sect Anaesth):19–45.
  • Bergman NA. The Génesis of the Surgical Anesthesia. The Wood Library Museum of Anesthesiology. Illinois: Park Ridge; 1998.
  • Vandam LD. The history of the Anesthesiology. Wood Library Museum Anesthesiol. 1993;23:1.
  • Crawford W. Long, el pionero de la anesthesia [Internet] Available from: http://eljineteinsomne2.blogspot.mx/ 2007/09/crawford-w-long-el-pionero-de-la.html
  • Crawford W. Long Museum [Internet] Available from: http://www.crawfordlong.org/
  • Reis Júnior AD. The first to use surgical anesthesia was not a dentist, but the physician Crawford Williamson Long. Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia. 2006;56(3):304–24.
  • Keys TE. The History of Surgical Anesthesia. 4th ed. Rochester, MN: Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology; 1996.
  • Boland FK. The History of Crawford Long. The First Anesthetic. Atens. University of Georgia Press, Georgia 2009.
  • Moreno Guzmán A. Breve historia de la anestesia. Rev Sanid Milit Mex. 2012;66(4):189–194.
  • Escobar IC. La anestesiología en la historia. Un acercamiento a la realidad. Revista Cubana de Anestesiología y Reanimación 2011;10(3):173–17.
  • Nuland SB. The origins of anesthesia. Connecticut Med. 1984;48:597–600.
  • Toledo-Pereyra LH. And Now We Can Put Them to Sleep, In History of American Medicine from the Colonial Period to Early Twentieth Century. Toledo-Pereyra LH, ed. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2006:73–86.
  • Robinson DH, Toledo AH. Historical development of modern anesthesia. J Invest Surg. 2012;25(3):141–149.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.