Association of Particulate Air Pollution and Acute Mortality: Involvement of Ultrafine Particles?

References

• Anderson P. J., Wilson J. D., Hiller F. C. Respiratory tract deposition of ultrafine particles in subjects with obstructive or restrictive lung disease. Chest 1990; 97: 1115–1120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baggs R., Oberdorster G., Ferin J. Apparent regression of pulmonary lesions produced by inhaled titanium dioxide. Toxicologist 1992; 12(1)224
   Google Scholar
• Blanc P., Wong H., Bernstein M. S., Boushey H. A. An experimental human model of metal fume fever. Ann. Intern. Med. 1991; 114: 930–936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanc P. D., Boushey H. A., Wong H., Wintermeyer S. F., Bernstein M. S. Cytokines in metal fume fever. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 147: 134–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellani C. M. Characterization of the atmospheric aerosol in an urban area and the vicinity of a main highway. In ENEA Environment Department meetings and seminars held in Bologna and Rome. INTO 1993; 7(93)35–55
   Google Scholar
• Coleman W. E., Scheel L. D., Kupel R. E., Larkin R. L. The identification of toxic compounds in the pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1968a; 29: 33–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman W. E., Scheel L. D., Kupel R. E., Gorski C. H. The particles resulting from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pyrolysis in air. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J 1968b; 29: 54–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dockery D. W., Pope C. A., III, Xu X., Spengler J. D., Ware J. H., Fay M. E., Ferris B. G., Jr., Speizer F. E. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993; 329(24)1753–1759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drinker P., Thomson R. M., Finn J. L. Metal fume fever: II. Resistance acquired by inhalation of zinc oxide on two successive days. J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 1927; 9(3)98–105
   Google Scholar
• Driscoll K. E., Strzelecki J., Hassenbein D., Janssen Y., Marsh J., Oberdarster G., Mossman B. T. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF): Evidence for the role of TNF in increased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase after inhalation of mineral dusts. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1994, in Press
   Google Scholar
• Ferin J., Oberdörster G., Penny D. P. Pulmonary retention of ultrafine and fine particles in rats. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1992; 6: 535–542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein M., Weiss H., Wade K., Penek J., Andrews L., Brandt-Rauf P. An outbreak of fume fever in an electronics instrument testing laboratory. J. Occup. Med. 1987; 29: 746–749
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon T., Chen L. C., Fine J. M., Schlesinger R. B., Su W. Y., Kimmel T. A., Amdur M. O. Pulmonary effects of inhaled zinc oxide in human subjects, guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1992; 53(8)503–509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn F. F., Newton G. J., Bryant P. L. In vitro phagocytosis of respirable-sized monodispersed particles by alveolar macrophages. Pulmonary macrophages and epithelial cells, C. L. Sanders, R. P. Sneider, G. E. Dagle, H. Ragan. National Technical Information Service, Energy Research and Development Administration, Springfield, VA 1977; 424–435
   Google Scholar
• Holma B. Lung clearance of mono-and di-disperse aerosols determined by profile scanning and whole body counting: A study on normal and SO, exposed rabbits. Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. 1967; 473: 1–102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• International Commission on Radiological Protection. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1994, A Report of Committee 2 of the ICRP
   Google Scholar
• Janssen Y. M. W., Marsh J. P., Driscoll K. E., Borm P. J. A., Oberdorster G., Mossman B. T. Increased expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in rat lungs after inhalation of inflammatory and fibrogenic minerals. Free Radical Biol. Med. 1994; 16: 315–322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee K. P., Seidel W. C. Pulmonary response to perfluoropolymer fume and particles generated under various exposure conditions. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1991a; 17: 254–269
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee K. P., Seidel W. C. Pulmonary response of rats exposed to polytetrafluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer fume and isolated particles. Inhal. Toxicol. 1991b; 3: 237–264
   Google Scholar
• Lee K. P., Zapp J. A., Jr., Sarver J. W. Ultrastructural alterations of rat lung exposed to pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon). Lab. Invest. 1976; 35(2)152–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehnert B., Sebring R. J., Oberdörster G. Lung clearance and the occlusion of the Pores of Kohn after the deposition of ultra-fine titanium dioxide (TiO2). Toxicologist 1993a; 13(1)45
   Google Scholar
• Lehnert B. E., Archuleta D. K., Behr M. J., Stavert D. M. Lung injury after acute inhalation of perfluoroisobutylene: Exposure concentration-response relationships. Inhal. Toxicol. 1993b; 5: 1–32
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makulova I. D. The clinical picture in acute perfluoroisobutylene poisoning. Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol. 1965; 9: 20–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oberdörster G., Ferin I., Gelein R., Soderholm S. C., Finkelstein J. Role of the alveolar macrophage in lung injury: Studies with ultrafine particles. Environ. Health Perspect 1992; 97: 193–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdörster C., Ferin I., Lehnert B. E. Correlation between particle size, in vivo particle persistence and lung injury. Environ. Health Perspect 1994; 102(Suppl 5)173–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope C. A., III, Dockery D. W., Spengler I. D., Raizenne M. E. Respiratory health and PM-10 pollution. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1991; 144: 668–674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstock L., Cullen M. R. Clinical occupational medicine. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1986; 28–232
   Google Scholar
• Rosner C., Merger R. Allergenic potential of platinum compounds. Immunotoxicology of metals and immunotoxicology, A. D. Dayan, R. F. Hertel, E. Heseltine, G. Kazantzis, E. M. Smith, M. T. Van der Venne. Plenum Press, New York 1990; 93–102
   Google Scholar
• Schlögl V. R., Indlekofer C., Oelhafen P. Mikropartikelemissionen von Verbrennungsmotoren mit Abgasreinigung—Röntgen-Photoelektronenspektroskopie in der Umweltanalytik. Angew. Chem. 1987; 99: 312–322
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz J., Dockery D. W. Particulate air pollution and daily mortality in Steubenville, OH. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1992a; 125(1)12–19
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz I., Dockery D. W. Increased mortality in Philadelphia associated with daily air pollution concentrations. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992b; 145: 600–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz I., Spix C., Wichmann H. E., Malin E. Air pollution and acute respiratory illness in five German communities. Environ. Res. 1991; 56: 1–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidel W. C., Scherer K. V., Jr., Cline D., Jr., Olson A. H., Bonesteel J. K., Church D. F., Nuggehalli S., Pryor W. A. Chemical, physical, and toxicological characterization of fumes produced by heating tetrafluoroethylene homopolymer and its copolymers with hexafluoro-propylene and perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether). Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1991; 4: 229–236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stavert D. M., Archuleta D. C., Lehnert B. E. Relative acute toxicities of hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen bromide in nose and pseudo-mouth breathing rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1991; 15: 636–655
   Google Scholar
• Warheit D. B., Seidel W. C., Carakostas M. C., Harstky M. A. Attenuation of perfluoropolymer fume pulmonary toxicity: Effect of filters, combustion method and aerosol age. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 1990; 52: 309–329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson W. E., Spiller L. L., Ellestad T. C., Lamothe P. J., Dzubay T. C., Stevens R. K., Macias E. S., Fletcher R. A., Husar J. D., Husar R. B., Whitby K. T., Kittelson D. B., Cantrell B. K. General Motors sulfate dispersion experiment: Summary of EPA Measurements. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 1977; 27(1)46–51
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youssef A. F., Weiss B., Cox C. Neurobehavioral toxicity of methanol reflected by operant running. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 1993; 15: 223–227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar