Acute Exposure to Low-Level Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE): Human Reactions and Pharmacokinetic Response

References

• American Petroleum Institute. Gasoline vapor exposure assessment at service stations. API Med. Res. Publ. 1991; 40–31151
   Google Scholar
• Arcia E., Otto D. A. Reliability of selected tests from the neurobehavioral evaluation system. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 1992; 4: 103–110
   Google Scholar
• Baker E., Letz R., Fidler A., Shalat S., Plantamura D., Lyndon M. A computer-based neurobehavioral evaluation system for occupational and environmental epidemiology: Methodology and validation studies. Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol. 1985; 7: 369–377
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cain W. S., Cometto-Muiiiz J. E. Irritation and odor as indicators of indoor pollution. Occup. Med. State of the Art Rev. 1995; 10: 133–145
   Google Scholar
• Cain W. S., See L.-C., Tosun T. Irritation and odor from formaldehyde: Chamber studies. IAQ '86: Managing Indoor Air for Health and Energy Conservation. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA 1986; 126–137
   Google Scholar
• Cain W. S., Tosun T., See L.-C., Leaderer B. P. Environmental tobacco smoke: Sensory reactions of occupants. Atmos. Environ. 1987a; 21: 347–353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain W. S., Leaderer B. P., Cannon L., Tosun T., Ismail H. Odorization of inert gas for occupational safety: Psychophysical considerations. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1987b; 48: 47–55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fiedler N., Mohr S. N., Kelly-McNeil K., Kipen H. M. Response of sensitive groups to MTBE. Inhal. Toxicol. 1994; 6: 539–552
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham D., Henderson F., House D. Neutrophil influx measured in nasal lavages of humans exposed to ozone. Arch. Environ. Health 1988; 43: 228–233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham D. E., Koren H. S. Biomarkers of inflammation in ozone-exposed humans: Comparison of the nasal and bronchioalveolar lavage. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990; 142: 152–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudnell H. K., Otto D. A., House D. E., Mølhave L. Exposure of humans to a volatile organic mixture. II. Sensory. Arch. Environ. Health 1992; 47: 31–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudnell H. K., Otto D. A., House D. E. Time course of odor and irritation effects in humans exposed to a mixture of 22 volatile organic compounds. Indoor Air '93, Vol. 1, Health Effects, J. J. K. Jaakkola, R. Ilmarinen, O. Seppänen, Helsinki 1993; 567–572, Indoor Air 1993
   Google Scholar
• Iregren A., Löf A., Toomingas A., Wang Z. Irritation effects from experimental exposure to n-butyl acetate. Am. J. Ind. Med. 1993; 24: 727–742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjaergaard S. Assessment of eye irritation. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1992; 641: 187–198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjaergaard S., Mølhave L., Pedersen O. F. Human reactions to indoor air pollutants. Environ. Int. 1989; 15: 473–482
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjaergaard S., Taudorff E., Molhave L., Pedersen O. F. Assessment of changes in eye redness and its relation to sensory eye irritation. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 1990; 62: 133–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjaergaard S., Pedersen O. F., Mølhave L. Human reactions to a mixture of indoor air volatile organic compounds. Atmos. Environ. 1991; 25A: 1417–1426
   Google Scholar
• Koren H. S., Graham D. E., Devlin R. B. Exposure of humans to a volatile organic mixture. III. Inflammatory response. Arch. Environ. Health 1992; 47: 39–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laboratoires Bio-Researches. Pharmacokinetics of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) and tert-Butyl Alcohol (TBA) in Male and Female Fischer-344 Rats after Single and Repeat Inhalation Nose-Only Exposures to MTBE. MontrealCanada 1990, Report 38844 prepared for the MTBE Task Force by Laboratoires Bio-Researches Ltée
   Google Scholar
• Leuschner U., Hellstern A., Schmidt K., Fischer H., Gultuna S., Hubner K., Leuschner M. Gallstone dissolution with methyl tert-butyl ether in 120 patients—Efficacy and safety. Digest. Dis. Sci. 1991; 36: 193–199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lioy P., Wiesel C., Pellizari E., Raymer J. (1993) Volatile organic compounds from fuels oxygenated with MTBE: Concentrations and microenvironmental exposures to MTBE in automobile cabins. Conf. MTBE and Other Oxygenates, Falls Church, VA, July, 1993
   Google Scholar
• Mendell M. J. Non-specific symptoms in office workers: A review and summary of the epidemiologic literature. Indoor Air 1993; 3: 227–236
   Google Scholar
• Mohr S. N., Fiedler N., Weisel C., Kelly-McNeil K. Health effects of MTBE among New lersey garage workers. Inhal. Toxicol. 1994; 6: 553–562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moolenaar R. L., Hefflin B. J., Ashley D. L., Middaugh J. P., Etzel R. A. Methyl tertiary butyl ether in human blood after exposure to oxygenated fuel in Fairbanks, Alaska. Arch. Environ. Health 1994; 40: 402–408
   Google Scholar
• Nevins R. G., Rohles F. H., Springer W., Feyerhern A. M. Temperature-humidity chart for thermal comfort of selected persons. ASHRAE Trans. 1966; 76(1)283–300
   Google Scholar
• Nihlén A., Wálinder R., Löf A., Johanson G. Toxicokinetics and irritative effects of methyl tertiary-butyl ether in man. ISEE-ISEA Joint Conf., Research Triangle Park, NC, 1994
   Google Scholar
• Otto D. A. Assessment of neurobehavioral response in humans to low-level volatile organic compound sources. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1992; 641: 248–260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto D. A., Hudnell H. K., House D. E., Mølhave L., Counts W. Exposure of humans to a volatile organic mixture. I. Behavioral assessment. Arch. Environ. Health 1992; 47: 23–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prah I. D., Goldstein C. M., Devlin R., Otto D., Ashley D., Case M., House D., Willingham F., Harder S., Carter J., Cazares L., Dailey L., Soupkup J., Garlington A., Cohen K., Gerrity T. Sensory, symptomatic, inflammatory, and ocular responses to and metabolism of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in a controlled human exposure experiment. Inhal. Toxicol. 1994; 6: 521–538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohles F. H. Revised model comfort envelope. ASHRAE Trans. 1973; 79(2)52–59
   Google Scholar
• Savolainen H., Pfaffli P., Elovaara E. Biochemical effects of methyl tertiary-butyl ether in extended vapour exposure of rats. Arch. Toxicol. 1985; 57: 285–288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shusterman D. The health significance of environmental odor pollution. Arch. Environ. Health 1992; 47: 76–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens J. C., Cain W. S., Schiet F. T., Oatley M. W. Olfactory adaptation and recovery in old age. Perception 1989; 18: 265–276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Assessment of Potential Health Risks of Gasoline Oxygenated with Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 1993
   Google Scholar
• Wysocki C. J., Gilbert A. N. National Geographic Smell Survey: Effects of age are heterogeneous. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1989; 561: 12–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar