REFERENCES
- Okhravi N, Lightman S. Cystoid macular edema in uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2003;11:29–38.
- Lardenoye CW, van Kooij B, Rothova A. Impact of macular edema on visual acuity in uveitis. Ophthalmology 2006;113:1446–1449.
- Lardenoye CW, Probst K, DeLint PJ et al. Photoreceptor function in eyes with macular edema. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci. 2000;41:4048–4053.
- Rothova A. Medical treatment of cystoids macular edema. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2002;10:239–246.
- Zierhut M, Thiel HJ, Schlote T. Treatment of uveitic macular edema with acetazolamide. Doc Ophthalmol. 1999;97:409–413.
- Rothova A. Inflammatory cystoids macular edema. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007;18:487–492.
- Neri P, Mariotti C, Cimino L, et al. Long-term control of cystoids macular oedema in noninfectious uveitis with mycophenolate mofetil. Int Ophthalmol. 2009;29:127–133.
- Ossewaarde-van Norel A, Rothova A. Clinical review: update on treatment of inflammatory macular edema. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2011;19:75–83.
- Doycheva D, Zierhut M, Blumenstock G, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil in the therapy of uveitic macular edema – long-term results. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2012;20:203–211.
- Markomichelakis NN, Theodossiadis PG, Pantelia E, et al. Infliximab for chronic cystoid macular edema associated with uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138:648–650.
- Deuter CM, Kötter I, Günaydin I, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of interferon alpha treatment in patients with chronic cystoid macular oedema due to non-infectious uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009;93:906–913.
- Butler NJ, Suhler EB, Rosenbaum JT. Interferon alpha 2b in the treatment of uveitic cystoid macular edema. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2012;20:86–90.
- Mackensen F, Jakob E, Springer C, et al. Interferon versus methotrexate in intermediate uveitis with macular edema: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156:478–486.
- Navarro-Millan I, Singh JA, Curtis JR. Systematic review of tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis: a new biologic agent targeting the interleukin-6 receptor. Clin Ther. 2012;34:788–802.
- Muselier A, Bielefeld P, Bidot S, et al. Efficacy of tocilizumab in two patients with anti-TNF-alpha refractory uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2011;19:382–383.
- Tappeiner C, Heinz C, Ganser G, et al. Is tocilizumab an effective option for treatment of refractory uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? J Rheumatol. 2012;39:1294–1295.
- Adán A, Mesquida M, Llorenç V, et al. Tocilizumab for retinal vasoproliferative tumor secondary to juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis: a case report. Greafes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;252:163–164.
- Calvo-Rio V, de la Hera D, Beltran-Catalan E, et al. Tocilizumab in uveitis refractory to other biologic drugs: a study of 3 cases and a literature review. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014;32(4 Suppl 84):S54–57.
- Papo M, Bielefeld P, Vallet H, et al. Tocilizumab in severe and refractory non-infectious uveitis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;32(4 Suppl 84):S75–79.
- Tsang AC, Roth J, Gottlieb C. Tocilizumab for severe chronic anterior uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a pediatric patient. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2014;22:155–157.
- Adán A, Llorenç V, Mesquida M, et al. Tocilizumab treatment for recalcitrant uveitic macular edema. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251:2249–2250.
- Adán A, Mesquida M, Llorenç V, et al. Tocilizumab treatment for refractory uveitis-related cystoid macular edema. Greafes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251:2627–2632.
- Mesquida M, Molins B, Llorenç V, et al. Long-term effects of tocilizumab therapy for refractory uveitis-related macular edema. Ophthalmology 2014;121:2380–2386.
- Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT. Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the first international workshop. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140:509–516.
- Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG, Chan CC, et al. Standardization of vitreal inflammatory activity in intermediate and posterior uveitis. Ophthalmology 1985;92:467–471.
- Nakahara H, Song J, Sugimoto M, et al. Anti-interleukon-6 receptor antibody therapy reduces vascular endothelial growth factor production in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:1521–1529.