Large-Angle Strabismus: Can a Single Surgical Procedure Achieve a Successful Outcome?

REFERENCES

• Celebi S, Kukner AS. Large bilateral lateral rectus recessions in large angle divergence excess exotropia. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2001;11(1):6–8.
   Google Scholar
• Currie ZI, Shipman T, Burke JP. Surgical correction of large- angle exotropia in adults. Eye. 2003;17:334–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damanakis AG, Arvanitis PG, Ladas ID, Theodossiadis GP. 8 mm bimedial rectus recession in infantile esotropia of 80-90 prism dioptres. Br J Ophthalmol. 1994;78(11):842–844.
   Google Scholar
• Donahue SP. Clinical practice. Pediatric strabismus. N Eng J Med. 2007;356(10):1040–1047.
   Google Scholar
• Forrest MP, Finnigan S, Finnigan S, Gole GA. Three horizontal muscle squint surgery for large angle infantile esotropia. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2003;31(6):509–516.
   Google Scholar
• Helveston EM, Ellis FD, Patterson JH, Weber J. Augmented recession of the medial recti. Ophthalmology. 1978;85:507–511.
   Google Scholar
• Helveston EM, Ellis FD, Schott J, Mitchelson J, Weber JC, Taube S, et al. Surgical treatment of congenital esotropia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;96(2):218–228.
   Google Scholar
• Hess JB, Calhoun JC. A new rationale for management of large angle esotropia. J Paediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1979;16:345–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ing M, Costenbader FD, Parks MM, Albert DG. Early surgery for congenital esotropia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1966;61:1419–1427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keenan JM, Wilshaw HE. Outcome of strabismus surgery in congenital exotropia. Eye. 1994;8:632–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livir-Rallatos G, Gunton KB, Calhoun JH. Surgical results in large-angle exotropia. J AAPOS. 2002;6:77–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millan T, de Carvalho KM, Minguini N. Results of monocular surgery under peribulbar anesthesia for large-angle horizontal strabismus. Clinics. 2009;64(4):303–308.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson LB, Calhoun JH, Simon JW, Wilson T, Harley RD. Surgical management in large angle congenital esotropia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987;71(5):380–383.
   Google Scholar
• Parks MM. Ocular Motility and Strabismus. Hagerstown, MD: Harper & Row, 1975.
   Google Scholar
• Parks MM. Concomitant esodeviations. In: Clinical Ophthalmology. Vol. 1, 12. Philadelphia, PA: Harper & Row, 1984:10.
   Google Scholar
• Parks MM. Concomitant exodeviations. In: Clinical Ophthalmology. Vol. 1, 13. Philadelphia, PA: Harper & Row, 1984; 1, Chapter 12: 9.
   Google Scholar
• Pediatric Eye disease Investigator Group. Interobserver reliability of the prism and alternate cover test in children with esotropia. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127:59–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schutte S, Polling JR, van der Helm FC, Simonz HJ. Human error in strabismus surgery: quantification with a sensitivity analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009; 247(3):399–409.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz RL, Calhoun JH. Surgery of large angle exotropia. J Paediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1980;17:359–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott AB, Mash A J, Jampolsky A. Quantitative guidelines for exotropia surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1975;14:428–436.
   Google Scholar
• Scott WE, Reese PD, Hirsh CR, Flabetich CA. Surgery for large-angle congenital esotropia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104:374–377.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shauly Y, Prager TC, Mazow ML. Clinical characteristics and long term postoperative results of infantile esotropia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117(2):183–189.
   Google Scholar
• Simon JW, Buckley EG, Drack AV, Hutchinson AK, Plager DA, Raab EL, et al. Basic and clinical science course, Section 6, 2005-2006, Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2005:171–172.
   Google Scholar
• Szmyd SM, Nelson LB, Calhoun JH, Spratt C. Large bimedial rectus recessions in congenital esotropia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1985;69:271–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Vijver-Reenalda H, Polling JR, Simonz HJ, Cruysberg JRM, Kommerell G, Schulz E, et al. Cumulatieve kans op heroperatie gerelateerd aan de postoperatieve scheelzienshoek bij congenitaal scheelzien: een retrospectief onderzoek. [English translation] Ned Tijdschr Geneesk. 1999;143:2121.
   Google Scholar
• von Noorden GK, Isaza A, Parks ME. Surgical treatment of congenital esotropia. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1972;76:1465–1478.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vroman DT, Hutchinson AK, Saunders RA, Wilson ME. Two-muscle surgery for congenital esotropia: rate of reoperation in patients with small versus large angles of deviation. J AAPOS. 2000;4(5):267–270.
   Google Scholar
• Weakley DR Jr, Stager DR, Everett ME. Seven-millimeter bilateral medial rectus recessions in infantile esotropia. J Paediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1991;28(2):113–115.
   Google Scholar