331
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Neuroendocrine Tumor (Carcinoid) Metastatic to Orbital Extraocular Muscle: Case Report and Literature Review

, MD, , MD, , &
Pages 123-128 | Received 28 Feb 2010, Accepted 04 Jun 2010, Published online: 23 Nov 2010

REFERENCES

  • Capone A Jr, Slamovits TL. Discrete metastasis of solid tumors to extraocular muscles. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108:237–243.
  • Costa RM, Dumitrascu OM, Gordon LK. Orbital myositis: diagnosis and management. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2009;9:316–323.
  • Mehta JS, Abou-Rayyah Y, Rose GE. Orbital carcinoid metastases. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:466–472.
  • Harris AL, Montgomery A. Orbital carcinoid tumor. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980;90:875–876.
  • Krohel GB, Perry S, Hepler RS. Acute hypertension with orbital carcinoid tumor. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100:106–108.
  • Shields CL, Shields JA, Eagle RC Jr, Peyster RG, Conner BE, Green HA. Orbital metastasis from a carcinoid tumor. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and electron microscopic findings. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105:968–971.
  • Fan JT, Buettner H, Bartley GB, Bolling JP. Clinical features and treatment of seven patients with carcinoid tumor metastatic to the eye and orbit. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119:211–218.
  • Couch DA, O’Halloran HS, Hainsworth KM, Cowen DE, Baker RS. Carcinoid metastasis to extraocular muscles: case reports and review of the literature. Orbit. 2000;19:263–269.
  • Khaw P, Ball D, Duchesne G. Carcinoid tumor of the orbital muscles: a rare occurrence. Australas Radiol. 2001;45:179–181.
  • Sivagnanavel V, Riordan-Eva P, Jarosz J, Portmann B, Buxton-Thomas M. Bilateral orbital metastases from a neuroendocrine tumor. J Neuroophthalmol. 2004;24:240–242.
  • Borota OC, Kloster R, Lindal S. Carcinoid tumor metastatic to the orbit with infiltration to the extraocular orbital muscle. APMIS. 2005;113:135–139.
  • Kiratli H, Yilmaz PT, Yildiz ZI. Metastatic atypical carcinoid tumor of the inferior rectus muscle. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;24:482–484.
  • Burke AP, Thomas RM, Elsayed AM, Sobin LH. Carcinoids of the jejunum and ileum. An immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study of 167 cases. Cancer. 1997;79:1086–1093.
  • Knox RJ, Gigantelli JW, Arthurs BP. Recurrent orbital inflammation from metastatic orbital carcinoid tumor. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;17:137–139.
  • Druce M, Rockall A, Grossman AB. Fibrosis and carcinoid syndrome: from causation to future therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009;5:276–283.
  • Daniels CE, Lowe VJ, Aubry MC, Allen MS, Jett JR. The utility of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the evaluation of carcinoid tumors presenting as pulmonary nodules. Chest. 2007;131:255–260.
  • Koopmans KP, Neels ON, Kema IP, Elsinga PH, Links TP, de Vries EGE, Jager PL. Molecular imaging in neuroendocrine tumors: molecular uptake mechanisms and clinical results. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2009;71:199–213.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.