The Association between Diagnosed Glaucoma and Cataract and Cognitive Performance in very old People: Cross-sectional Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study

References

• Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, et al. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet 2005;366:2112–2117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker ML, Wang JJ, Rogers S, et al. Early age-related macular degeneration, cognitive function, and dementia: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:667–673
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klaver CC, Ott A, Hofman A, et al. Is age-related maculopathy associated with Alzheimer’s Disease? The Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:963–968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemons TE, Rankin MW, McBee WL. Cognitive impairment in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:537–543
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong TY, Klein R, Nieto FJ, et al. Is early age-related maculopathy related to cognitive function? The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2002;134:828–835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan JS, Wang JJ, Mitchell P. Influence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease on the long-term incidence of cataract: the Blue Mountains eye study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2008;15:317–327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperduto R, Milton R, Lindblad A, et al. Risk factors associated with age-related nuclear and cortical cataract: a case-control study in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, AREDS Report No. 5. Ophthalmology 2001;108:1400–1408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaumberg DA, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, et al. Relations of body fat distribution and height with cataract in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1495–1502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West SK, Valmadrid CT. Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract. Surv Ophthalmol 1995;39:323–334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leske MC, Chylack LTJr, Wu SY. The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study. Risk factors for cataract. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109:244–251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fillit H, Nash DT, Rundek T, Zuckerman A. Cardiovascular risk factors and dementia. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2008;6:100–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu C, Kivipelto M, von Strauss E. Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2009;11:111–128
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmidt R, Kienbacher E, Benke T, et al. [Sex differences in Alzheimer’s disease]. Neuropsychiatrica 2008;22:1–15
   Google Scholar
• Anstey KJ, von Sanden C, Salim A, O’Kearney R. Smoking as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol 2007;166:367–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein LE, Muffat JA, Cherny RA, et al. Cytosolic beta-amyloid deposition and supranuclear cataracts in lenses from people with Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 2003;361:1258–1265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding JJ. Cataract, Alzheimer’s disease, and other conformational diseases. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1998;9:10–13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Melov S, Wolf N, Strozyk D, et al. Mice transgenic for Alzheimer disease [beta]-amyloid develop lens cataracts that are rescued by antioxidant treatment. Free Radical Biol Med 2005;38:258–261
   Google Scholar
• McGwin Jr G, Hall TA, Searcey K, et al. Cataract and cognitive function in older adults [2]. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:1260–1261
   Google Scholar
• Grodstein F, Chen J, Hankinson SE. Cataract extraction and cognitive function in older women. Epidemiology 2003;14:493–497
   Google Scholar
• Tamura H, Tsukamoto H, Mukai S, et al. Improvement in cognitive impairment after cataract surgery in elderly patients. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30:598–602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray CS, Karimova G, Hildreth AJ, et al. Recovery of visual and functional disability following cataract surgery in older people: Sunderland Cataract Study. J Cataract Refractive Surg 2006;32:60–66
   Google Scholar
• Anstey KJ, Lord SR, Hennessy M, et al. The effect of cataract surgery on neuropsychological test performance: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006;12:632–639
   Google Scholar
• Jefferis JM, Mosimann UP, Clarke MP. Cataract and cognitive impairment: a review of the literature. Br J Ophthalmol 2011;95:17–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadun AA, Bassi CJ. Optic nerve damage in Alzheimer’s disease. Ophthalmology 1990;97:9–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wostyn P, Audenaert K, De Deyn PP. Alzheimer’s disease and glaucoma: is there a causal relationship? Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93:1557–1559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra V, Bharucha NE, Schoenberg BS. Conditions associated with Alzheimer’s disease at death: case-control study. Neurology 1986;36:209–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura H, Kawakami H, Kanamoto T, et al. High frequency of open-angle glaucoma in Japanese patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci 2006;246:79–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayer AU, Ferrari F, Erb C. High occurrence rate of glaucoma among patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Eur Neurol 2002;47:165–168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yochim BP, Mueller AE, Kane KD, Kahook MY. Prevalence of cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety symptoms among older adults with glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2012;21:250–254
   Google Scholar
• Kessing LV, Lopez AG, Andersen PK, Kessing SV. No increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease in patients with glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2007;16:47–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bach-Hom D, Kessing SV, Mogensen U, et al. Normal tension glaucoma and Alzheimer disease: comorbidity? Acta Ophthalmol 2012;90(7):683–685
   Google Scholar
• Collerton J, Barrass K, Bond J, et al. The Newcastle 85+ study: biological, clinical and psychosocial factors associated with healthy ageing: study protocol. BMC Geriatr 2007;7:14
   Google Scholar
• Jefferis JM, Collerton J, Taylor JP, et al. The impact of visual impairment on Mini-Mental State Examination Scores in the Newcastle 85+ study. Age Ageing 2012;41(4):565–568
   Google Scholar
• Jefferis JM, Collerton J, Taylor JP, et al. The impact of visual impairment on Mini-Mental State Examination Scores in the Newcastle 85+ study. Age Ageing 2012
   Google Scholar
• Molloy DW, Standish TI. A guide to the standardized Mini-Mental State Examination. Int Psychogeriatr 1997;9:87–94; discussion 143–150
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. ‘Mini-mental state’. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189–198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rendall M. Focus on ethnicity and identity. In: Statistics N, editor. London: HMSO, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Xie J, Matthews FE, Jagger C, et al. The oldest old in England and Wales: a descriptive analysis based on the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Age Ageing 2008;37:396–402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brant R. Assessing proportionality in the proportional odds model for ordinal logistic regression. Biometrics 1990;46:1171–1178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busse A, Sonntag A, Bischkopf J, et al. Adaptation of dementia screening for vision-impaired older persons: administration of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:909–915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell P, Smith W, Attebo K, Healey PR. Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1996;103:1661–1669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan AG, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P. Comparison of age-specific cataract prevalence in two population based surveys 6 years apart. BMC Ophthalmology 2006;6
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell P, Cumming RG, Attebo K, Panchapakesan J. Prevalence of cataract in Australia: the Blue Mountains eye study. Ophthalmology 1997;104:581–588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarty CA, Mukesh BN, Fu CL, Taylor HR. The epidemiology of cataract in Australia. Am J Ophthalmol 1999;128:446–465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brayne C, Nickson J, McCracken C, et al. Cognitive function and dementia in six areas of England and Wales: the distribution of MMSE and prevalence of GMS organicity level in the MRC CFA Study. The Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS). Psychol Med 1998;28:319–335
   Google Scholar
• der Wiel AB-V, van Exel E, de Craen AJM, et al. A high response is not essential to prevent selection bias: results from the Leiden 85-plus study. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:1119–1125
   Google Scholar