196
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
PCOS

Metformin administration restores allopregnanolone response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation in overweight hyperinsulinemic patients with PCOS

, , , , , & show all
Pages 684-689 | Received 15 Jan 2010, Accepted 01 Jun 2010, Published online: 12 Jul 2010

References

  • Genazzani AR, Petraglia F, Bernardi F, Casarosa E, Salvestroni C, Tonetti A, Nappi RE, Luisi S, Palumbo M, Purdy RH, et al Circulating levels of allopregnanolone in humans: gender, age and endocrine influences. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:1–5.
  • Robel P, Baulieu EE. Neurosteroids: biosynthesis and function. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1994;5:1–8.
  • Mellon SH, Deschepper CF. Neurosteroid biosynthesis: genes for adrenal steroidogenic enzymes are expressed in the brain. Brain Res 1993;629:283–292.
  • Holzbauer M, Birmingham MK, De Nicola AF, Oliver JT. In vivo secretion of 3a-hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one, a potent anesthetic steroid by the adrenal gland of the rat. J Steroid Biochem 1985;22:97–102.
  • Paul SM, Purdy RH. Neuroactive steroids. FASEB J 1992;6:2311–2322.
  • Baulieu EE, Robel P. Neurosteroids: a new brain function? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1990;37:395–403.
  • Jung-Testas I, Hu ZY, Baulieu EE, Robel P. Neurosteroids: biosynthesis of pregnenolone and progesterone in primarycultures of rat glial cells. Endocrinology 1989;125:2083–2091.
  • Akwa Y, Morfin RF, Robel P, Baulieu EE. Neurosteroid metabolism. Biochem J 1992, 288:959–964.
  • Mellon SH. Neurosteroids: biochemistry, modes of action, and clinical relevance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:1003–1008.
  • Barbaccia ML, Roscetti G, Trabucchi M, Mostallino MC, Concas A, Purdy RH, Biggio G. Time-dependent changes in rat brain neuroactive steroid concentrations and GABA A receptor function after acute stress. Neuroendocrinology 1996;63:166–172.
  • Barbaccia ML, Roscetti G, Trabucchi M, Purdy RH, Mostallino MC, Concas A, Biggio G. The effects of inhibitors of GABAergic trasmission and stress on brain and serum allopregnanolone concentrations. Br J Pharmacol 1997;120:1582–1588.
  • Palumbo MA, Salvestroni C, Gallo R, Guo AL, Genazzani AD, Artini PG, Petraglia F, Genazzani AR. Allopregnanolone concentration in hippocampus of prepubertal rats and female rats throughout estrous cycle. J Endocrinol Invest 1995;18:853–856.
  • Genazzani AR, Palumbo MA, de Micheroux AA, Artini PG, Criscuolo M, Ficarra G, Guo AL, Benelli A, Bertolini A, Petraglia F, et al Evidence for a role for the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in the modulation of reproductive function in female rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:375–380.
  • Genazzani AR, Salvestroni C, Guo A-L, Palumbo MA, Cela V, Casarosa E, Luisi M, Genazzani AD, Petraglia F. Neurosteroids and regulation of neuroendocrine function. In: Genazzani AR, Petraglia F, Purdy RH, editors. The brain: source and target for sex steroids hormones. New York: Parthenon; 1996. pp 83–91.
  • Majewska MD. Neurosteroids: endogenous bimodal modulators of the GABA-A receptor. Mechanism of action and physiological significance. Prog Neurobiol 1992;38:379–395.
  • McEwen BS. Non-genomic and genomic effects of steroids on neural activity. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1991;12:141–147.
  • Baulieu EE, Schumacher M, Koenig H, Jung-Testas I, Akwa Y. Progesterone as a neurosteroid: actions within the nervous system. Cell Mol Neurobiol 1996;16:143–154.
  • Wang M, Seippel L, Purdy RH, Backstrom. Relationship between symptom severity and steroid variation in women with premenstrual syndrome: study on serum pregnenolone sulfate, 5a-pregnan-3,20-dione and 3a-hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:1076–1082.
  • Schmidt PJ, Purdy RH, Moore PH, Paul SM, Rubinow DR. Circulating levels of anxiolytic steroids in the luteal phase in women with premenstrual syndrome and in control subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:1256–1260.
  • Genazzani AD, Luisi M, Malavasi B, Strucchi C, Luisi S, Casarosa E, Bernardi F, Genazzani AR, Petraglia F. Pulsatile secretory characteristics of allopregnanolone, a neuroactive steroid, during the menstrual cycle and in amenorrheic patients. Eur J Endocr 2002;146:347–356.
  • Genazzani AD, Strucchi C, Luisi M, Casarosa E, Lanzoni C, Baraldi E, Ricchieri F, Mehmeti H, Genazzani AR. Metformin administration modulates neurosteroid secretion in non-obese amenorrhoic patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2006;22:36–43.
  • Kolodziejczyk B, Duleba AJ, Spaczynski RZ, Pawelczyk L. Metformin therapy decreases hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2000;73:1149–1154.
  • Legro RS, Finegood D, Dunaif A. Fasting glucose to insulin ratio is a useful measure of insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:2694–2698.
  • Harper AJ, Buster JE, Casson PR. Changes in adrenocortical function with aging and therapeutic implications. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1999;17:327–338.
  • Genazzani AD, Petraglia F, Fabbri G, Monzani A, Montanini V, Genazzani AR. Evidence of luteinizing hormone secretion in hypothalamic amenorrhea associated with weight loss. Fertil Steril 1990;54:222–226.
  • Genazzani AD, Petraglia F, Benatti R, Montanini V, Algeri I, Volpe A, Genazzani AR. Luteinizing hormone (LH) secretory burst duration is indipendent from LH, prolactin or gonadal steroid plasma levels in amenorrheic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;72:1220–1225.
  • Genazzani AD Stomati M, Bernardi F, Pieri M, Rovati L, Genazzani AR. Long-term low-dose dehydroepiandrosterone oral supplementation in early and late postmenopausal women modulates endocrine parameters and synthesis of neuroactive steroids. Fertil Steril 2003;80:1495–1501.
  • Genazzani AD, Petraglia F, Pianazzi F, Volpogni C, Genazzani AR. The concomitant release of androstenedione with cortisol and luteinizing hormone pulsatilee releases distinguishes adrenal from ovarian hyperandrogenism. Gynecol Endocrinol 1993;7:33–41.
  • Genazzani AD, Battaglia C, Malavasi B, Strucchi C, Tortolani F, Gamba O. Metformin administration modulates and restores luteinizing hormone spontaneous episodic secretion and ovarian function in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004;81:114–119.
  • Knochenhauer ES, Key TJ, Kahsar-Miller M, Waggoner W, Boots LR, Azziz R. Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:3078–3082.
  • Lucky AW, Rosenfield RL, McGuire J, Rudy S, Helke J. Adrenal androgen hyperresponsiveness to adrenocorticotropin in women with acne and/or hirsutism: adrenal enzyme defects and exaggerated adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;62:840–848.
  • Moran C, Reyna R, Boots LS, Azziz R. Adrenocortical hyperresponsiveness to corticotropin in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with adrenal androgens excess. Fertil Steril 2004;81:126–131.
  • Moran C, Reyna R, Boots LS, Azziz R. Adrenocortical hyperresponsiveness to corticotropin in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with adrenal androgens excess. Fertil Steril 2004;81:126–131.
  • Ovalle F, Azziz R. Insulin resistance, the polycystic ovary syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fertil Steril 2002;77:1095–1105.
  • Carmina E, Gonzalez F, Vidali A, Stanczyk FZ, Ferin M, Lobo RA. The contribution of estrogen and growth factors to increased adrenal androgen secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 1999;14:307–311.
  • Farah-Eways L, Reyna R, Knochenhauer ES, Bartolucci AA, Azziz R. Glucose action and adrenocortical biosynthesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004;81:120–125.
  • Buffington CK, Givens JR, Kitabchi AE. Enhanced adrenocortical activity as a contributing factor to diabetes in hyperandrogenic women. Metabolism 1994;43:584–590.
  • Barbieri RL, Makris A, Randall RW, Daniels G, Kistner RW, Ryan KJ. Insulin stimulates androgen accumulation in incubations of ovarian stroma obtained from women with hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;62:904–910.
  • Nestler JE, Jakubowicz DJ, Evans WS, Pasquali R. Effects of metformin on spontaneous and clomiphene-induced ovulation in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1876–1880.
  • Palomba S, Falbo A, Zullo F, Orio F. Evidence-based and potential benefits of metformin in the polycycstic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Endocr Rev 2009;30:1–50.
  • Velazquez EM, Mendoza S, Hamer T, Sosa F, Glueck CJ. Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy. Metabolism 1994;43:647–654.
  • De Leo V, La Marca A, Ditto A, Morgante G, Cianci A. Effects of metformin on gonadotropin-induced ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1999;72:282–285.
  • De Leo V, La Marca A, Petraglia F. Insulin-lowering agents in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Rev 2003;5:633–667.
  • Monteleone P, Luisi M, De Filippis G, Colurcio B, Monteleone P, Genazzani AR, Maj M. Circulating levels of neuroactive steroids in patients with binge eating disorder: a comparison with nonobese healthy controls and non-binge eating obese subjects. Int J Eat Disord 2003;34:432–440.
  • Monteleone P, Luisi S, Tonetti A, Bernardi F, Genazzani AD, Luisi M, Petraglia F, Genazzani AR. Allopregnanolone concentrations and premenstrual syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2000;142:269–273.
  • Bernardi F, Pluchino N, Begliuomini S, Lenzi E, Palumbo M, Luisi M, Genazzani AR. Disadaptive disorders in women: allopregnanolone, a sensitive steroid. Gynecol Endocrinol 2004;19:344–353.
  • Kerchner A, Lester W, Stuart SP, Dokras A. Risk of depression and other mental health disorders in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a longitudinal study. Fertil Steril 2009;91:207–212.
  • Hahn S, Janssen OE, Tan S, Pleger K, Mann K, Schedlowski M, Kimmig R, Benson S, Balamitsa E, Elsenbruch S. Clinical and psychological correlates of quality-of-life in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;153:853–860.
  • Elsenbruch S, Hahn S, Kowalsky D, Offner AH, Schedlowski M, Mann K, Janssen OE. Quality of life, psychosocial well-being, and sexual satisfaction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5801–5807.
  • Coffey S, Bano G, Mason HD. Health-related quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comparison with the general population using the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Gynecol Endocrinol 2006;22:80–86.
  • Hollinrake E, Abreu A, Maifeld M, Van Voorhis BJ, Dokras A. Increased risk of depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2007;87:1369–1376.
  • Pluchino N, Luisi M, Lenzi E, Centofanti M, Begliuomini S, Freschi L, Ninni F, Genazzani AR. Progesterone and progestins: effects on brain, allopregnanolone and β-endorphin. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2006;102:205–213.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.