184
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Pregnancy

The effects of estrogen and progesterone on blood glutamate levels during normal pregnancy in women

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 912-916 | Received 21 Nov 2012, Accepted 06 Jun 2013, Published online: 17 Jul 2013

References

  • Roof RL, Hall ED. Gender differences in acute CNS trauma and stroke: neuroprotective effects of estrogen and progesterone. J Neurotrauma 2000;17:367–88
  • Gazzaley AH, Weiland NG, McEwen BS, Morrison JH. Differential regulation of NMDAR1 mRNA and protein by estradiol in the rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 1996;16:6830–8
  • Liang Z, Valla J, Sefidvash-Hockley S, et al. Effects of estrogen treatment on glutamate uptake in cultured human astrocytes derived from cortex of Alzheimer’s disease patients. J Neurochem 2002;80:807–14
  • Castillo J, Davalos A, Naveiro J, Noya M. Neuroexcitatory amino acids and their relation to infarct size and neurological deficit in ischemic stroke. Stroke 1996;27:1060–5
  • Ferrarese C, Aliprandi A, Tremolizzo L, et al. Increased glutamate in CSF and plasma of patients with HIV dementia. Neurology 2001;57:671–5
  • Shaw PJ, Forrest V, Ince PG, et al. CSF and plasma amino acid levels in motor neuron disease: elevation of CSF glutamate in a subset of patients. Neurodegeneration 1995;4:209–16
  • Gottlieb M, Wang Y, Teichberg VI. Blood-mediated scavenging of cerebrospinal fluid glutamate. J Neurochem 2003;87:119–26
  • Teichberg VI, Cohen-Kashi-Malina K, Cooper I, Zlotnik A. Homeostasis of glutamate in brain fluids: an accelerated brain-to-blood efflux of excess glutamate is produced by blood glutamate scavenging and offers protection from neuropathologies. Neuroscience 2009;158:301–8
  • Campos F, Rodriguez-Yanez M, Castellanos M, et al. Blood levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase are more strongly associated with good outcome in acute ischaemic stroke than glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels. Clin Sci 2011;121:11–7
  • Teichberg VI. From the liver to the brain across the blood-brain barrier. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104:7315–6
  • Zlotnik A, Gruenbaum SE, Artru AA, et al. The neuroprotective effects of oxaloacetate in closed head injury in rats is mediated by its blood glutamate scavenging activity: evidence from the use of maleate. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2009;21:235–41
  • Zlotnik A, Gurevich B, Cherniavsky E, et al. The contribution of the blood glutamate scavenging activity of pyruvate to its neuroprotective properties in a rat model of closed head injury. Neurochem Res 2008;33:1044–50
  • Zlotnik A, Gurevich B, Tkachov S, et al. Brain neuroprotection by scavenging blood glutamate. Exp Neurol 2007;203:213–20
  • Zlotnik A, Leibowitz A, Gurevich B, et al. Effect of estrogens on blood glutamate levels in relation to neurological outcome after TBI in male rats. Intensive Care Med 2012;38:137–44
  • Brann DW, Dhandapani K, Wakade C, et al. Neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of estrogen: basic mechanisms and clinical implications. Steroids 2007;72:381–405
  • Green PS, Simpkins JW. Neuroprotective effects of estrogens: potential mechanisms of action. Int J Dev Neurosci 2000;18:347–58
  • Zlotnik A, Ohayon S, Gruenbaum BF, et al. Determination of factors affecting glutamate concentrations in the whole blood of healthy human volunteers. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2011;23:45–9
  • Zlotnik A, Gruenbaum BF, Mohar B, et al. The effects of estrogen and progesterone on blood glutamate levels: evidence from changes of blood glutamate levels during the menstrual cycle in women. Biol Reprod 2011;84:581–6
  • Tulchinsky D, Hobel CJ. Plasma human chorionic gonadotropin, estrone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in human pregnancy. 3. Early normal pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;117:884–93
  • Zlotnik A, Gruenbaum BF, Klin Y, et al. The effects of insulin, glucagon, glutamate, and glucose infusion on blood glutamate and plasma glucose levels in naive rats. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2011;23:323–8
  • Graham LT Jr, Aprison MH. Fluorometric determination of aspartate, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyrate in nerve tissue using enzymic methods. Anal Biochem 1966;15:487–97
  • Slooter AJ, Bronzova J, Witteman JC, et al. Estrogen use and early onset Alzheimer’s disease: a population-based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67:779–81
  • Alkayed NJ, Murphy SJ, Traystman RJ, et al. Neuroprotective effects of female gonadal steroids in reproductively senescent female rats. Stroke 2000;31:161–8
  • Rocca WA, Bower JH, Maraganore DM, et al. Increased risk of cognitive impairment or dementia in women who underwent oophorectomy before menopause. Neurology 2007;69:1074–83
  • Veliskova J, Velisek L, Galanopoulou AS, Sperber EF. Neuroprotective effects of estrogens on hippocampal cells in adult female rats after status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2000;41:S30–5
  • Wright DW, Bauer ME, Hoffman SW, Stein DG. Serum progesterone levels correlate with decreased cerebral edema after traumatic brain injury in male rats. J Neurotrauma 2001;18:901–9
  • Sortino MA, Aleppo G, Scapagnini U, Canonico PL. Different responses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release to glutamate receptor agonists during aging. Brain Res Bull 1996;41:359–62
  • Stover JF, Kempski OS. Anesthesia increases circulating glutamate in neurosurgical patients. Acta Neurochir 2005;147:847–53
  • Stein DG. Progesterone exerts neuroprotective effects after brain injury. Brain Res Rev 2008;57:386–97
  • Thangaratinam S, Koopmans CM, Iyengar S, et al. Accuracy of liver function tests for predicting adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in women with preeclampsia: a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2011;90:574–85

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.