References
- Stochholm K, Juul S, Juel K, et al. Prevalence, incidence, diagnostic delay, and mortality in Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:3897–902
- Kozłowska-Wojciechowska M, Jeż W, Zdrojewski T, Chwojnicki K. Are young women with Turner syndrome at greater risk of coronary artery disease? Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:467–9
- Hjerrild BE, Holst JJ, Juhl CB, et al. Delayed β-cell response and glucose intolerance in young women with Turner syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord 2011;11:6
- Styne DM, Grumbach MM. Puberty: ontogeny, neuroendocrinology, physiology, and disorders. In: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Reed Larsen P, Kronenberg HM, eds. Williams textbook of endocrinology. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:1054–201
- Bondy CA. Turner Syndrome Study Group. Care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: a guideline of the Turner Syndrome Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:10–25
- Davenport ML. Approach to the patient with Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:1487–95
- Bulun SE. Physiology and pathology of the female reproductive axis. In: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Reed Larsen P, Kronenberg HM, eds. Williams textbook of endocrinology. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:581–660
- Pinsker JE. Clinical review: Turner syndrome: updating the paradigm of clinical care. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:994–1003
- Gravholt CH. Clinical practice in Turner syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2005;1:41–52
- Bannink EM, van der Palen RL, Mulder PG, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM. Long-term follow-up of GH-treated girls with Turner syndrome: metabolic consequences. Horm Res 2009;71:343–9
- Jeż W, Irzyniec T. Hormonal replacement therapy in women with Turner's syndrome in Poland: analysis of 176 cases. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009;25:546–50
- Irzyniec T, Jeż W, Piszczek R. Height correlation analysis between women with Turner syndrome, their sisters and parents. Endokrynol Pol 2008;59:140–5
- Jeż W, Irzyniec T, Pyrkosz A. Selected problems of the diagnosis of Turner’s syndrome. Przeg Lek 2007;64:130–3
- Giordano R, Forno D, Lanfranco F, et al. Metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in a group of adult patients with Turner's syndrome under hormonal replacement therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 2011;164:819–26
- Van PL, Bakalov VK, Bondy CA. Monosomy for the X-chromosome is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:2867–70
- Van PL, Bakalov VK, Zinn AR, Bondy CA. Maternal X chromosome, visceral adiposity and lipid profile. JAMA 2006;295:1373–4
- El-Mansoury M, Barrenas ML, Bryman, et al. Chromosomal mosaicism mitigates stigmata and cardiovascular risk factors in Turner syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 2007;66:744–51
- Kanaya AM, Herrington D, Vittinghoff E. HERS Study. Glycemic effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy: the heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:1–9
- Ostberg JE, Storry C, Donald AE, et al. A dose-response study of hormone replacement in young hypogonadal women: effects on intima media thickness and metabolism. Clin Endocrinol 2007;66:557–64
- Nabhan ZM, Dimeglio LA, Qi R, et al. Conjugated oral versus transdermal estrogen replacement in girls with Turner syndrome: a pilot comparative study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:2009–14
- Melmed S, Kleinberg D, Ho K. Pituitary physiology and diagnostic evaluation. In: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Reed Larsen P, Kronenberg HM, eds. Williams textbook of endocrinology. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:175–228
- Salgin B, Amin R, Yuen K, et al. Insulin resistance is an intrinsic defect independent of fat mass in women with Turner’s syndrome. Horm Res 2006;65:69–75
- Mazzanti L, Bergamaschi R, Castiglioni L, et al. Turner syndrome, insulin sensitivity and growth hormone treatment. Horm Res 2005;64:51–7
- Wooten N, Bakalow VK, Hill S, Bondy CA. Reduced abdominal adiposity and improved glucose tolerance in growth hormone-treated girls with Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:2109–14