Effects of policosanol on postmenopausal women with type II hypercholesterolemia

References

• Bush TL. The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990; 592: 263–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp RG, Sutherland SE, Keil JE, et al. A comparison of the effects of cholesterol on CHD mortality in black and white women: twenty-eight years of follow-up in the Charleston Heart Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1992; 45: 1119–29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nabulsi AA, Folsom AR, White A, et al. Association of hormone replacement therapy with various cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1069–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sempos CT, Cleeman JI, Carroll MD, et al. Prevalence of high blood cholesterol among US adults: an update based on guidelines from the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel. J Am Med Assoc 1993; 269: 3009–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larosa JC. Management of postmenopausal women who have hyperlipidemia. Am J Med 1994; 96(Suppl 6A)19S–24S
   Google Scholar
• Arca M, Lerna G, Grundy S. Hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women: metabolic defects and response to low dose lovastatin. J Am Med Assoc 1994; 271: 453–9
   Google Scholar
• Manolio TA, Pearson TA, Wenger NK, et al. Cholesterol and heart disease in older persons and women: review of an NHLBI workshop. Ann Epidemiol 1992; 2: 161–76
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Women. Summary of the Second Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). J Am Med Assoc 1993; 269: 3015–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyorala K, De Backer G, Graham I, et al. on behalf of the Task Force. Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society and European Society of Hypertension. Eur Heart J 1994; 15: 1300–31, and Atherosclerosis 1994;110:121–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong MK, Romm PA, Reagan K, et al. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on serum lipid values and angiographically defined coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 1992; 69: 176–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tikkanen MJ, Nikkila EA. Menopause estrogen and risk for coronary heart disease. Acta Obslet Gynecol Scand 1987; 40: 39–43
   Google Scholar
• Gambrell DR, Jr, Teran AZ. Changes in lipids and lipoproteins with long-term estrogen deficiency and hormone replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: 307–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh BW, Schiff I, Rosner B, et al. Effects of postmenopausal estrogen replacement on the concentrations and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1196–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher CD, Farish E, Hart DM, et al. Effect of lipoproteins of Trisequens, a combined hormone preparation. Maturitas 1984; 6: 279–83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Plunkett ER, Wolfe BM. Prolonged effects of a novel, low-dosage continuous progestin/cyclic estrogen replacement program in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 117–21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. J Am Med Assoc 1995; 273: 199–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villecco AS, De Aloysio D, Foderaro S, et al. Comparison of the effects of simvastatin versus hormone replacement therapy in the treatment of postmenopausal women with primary hypercholesterolemia. Curr Ther Res 1995; 56: 515–29
   Google Scholar
• Davidson MH, Testolin LM, Maki KC, et al. A comparison of estrogen replacement, pravastatin, and combined treatment for the management of hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 1186–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darling GM, Johns JA, McCloud PI, et al. Estrogen and progestin compared with simvastatin for hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 595–601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farnier M, Davignon J. Current and future treatment of hyperlipidemia: the role of statins. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82: 3J–10J
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pons P, Rodríguez M, Robaina C, et al. Effects of successive dose increases of policosanol on the lipid profile of patients with type II hypercholesterolemia and tolerability to treatment. J Clin Pharmacol Res 1994; 14: 27–33
   Google Scholar
• Aneiros E, Más R, Calderón B, et al. Effect of policosanol in lowering cholesterol levels in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. Curr Titer Res 1995; 56: 176–82
   Google Scholar
• Canetti M, Morera M, Illnait J, et al. A two year study on the efficacy and tolerability of policosanol in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1995; 15: 159–65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castaño G, Canetti M, Morera M, et al. The efficacy and tolerability of policosanol (10 mg/day) in elderly patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia: a one-year study. Curr Ther Res 1995; 56: 819–28
   Google Scholar
• Zardoya R, Tula L, Castaño G, et al. Effects of policosanol on hypercholesterolemic patients with disturbances on serum biochemical indicators of hepatic function. Curr Ther Res 1996; 57: 568–77
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortensi G, Gladstein H, Valli H, et al. A comparative study of policosanol versus simvastatin in elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia. Curr Ther Res 1997; 58: 390–401
   Google Scholar
• Benítez M, Romero C, Más R, et al. A comparative study of policosanol versus pravastatin in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia. Curr Ther Res 1997; 58: 859–67
   Google Scholar
• Más R, Castaño G, Illnait J, et al. Effects of policosanol in patients with type II hypercholesterolemia and additional coronary risk factors. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998; 65: 439–47
   Google Scholar
• Torres O, Agramonte AJ, Illnait J, et al. Treatment of hypercholesterolemia in NIDDM with policosanol. Diabetes Care 1995; 18: 393–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespo N, Alvarez R, Más R, et al. Effect of policosanol on patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia: a pilot study. Curr Ther Res 1997; 58: 44–51
   Google Scholar
• Menéndez R, Fernández I, Del Río A, et al. Policosanol inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis and enhances LDL processing in cultured human fibroblasts. Biol Res 1994; 27: 199–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menéndez R, Arruzazabala ML, Más R, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effect of policosanol on rabbits with hypercholesterolemia induced by a wheat starch-casein diet. Br J Nutr 1997; 77: 923–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arruzazabala M de L, Valdés S, Más R, et al. Effect of policosanol successive dose increases on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Pharmacol Res 1996; 34: 181–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carbajal D, Arruzazabala M de L, Más R, et al. Effect of policosanol on experimental thrombosis models. Prostagl Leuk Essent Fatty Acids 1994; 50: 249–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carbajal D, Arruzazabala ML, Valdés S, et al. Effect of policosanol on platelet aggregation and scrum levels of arachidonic acid metabolites in healthy voiunteers. Prostagl Leuk Essent Fatty Acids 1998; 58: 61–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arruzazabala ML, Más R, Molina V, et al. Effect of policosanol on platelet aggregation in type II hypercholesterolemic patients. Int J Tissue React 1998; 10: 119–24
   Google Scholar
• Menéndez R, Fraga V, Amor AM, et al. Oral administration of policosanol inhibits in vitro copper ion-induced rat lipoprotein peroxidation. Physiol Behav 1999; 67: 1–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Menéndez R, Más R, Amor AM, et al. Effects of policosanol treatment on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) isolated from healthy volunteers to oxidative modification in vitro. 2000, Br J Clin Pharmacol; in press
   Google Scholar
• Noa M, Más R, Mesa R. Effect of policosanol on intimal thickening in rabbit cuffed carotid artery. Int J Cardiol 1998; 67: 125–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodriguez C, Mesa R, Más R, et al. Effect of policosanol chronically administered in male monkeys (Macaca arctoides). Food Chem Toxicol 1994; 32: 565–75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noa M, Más R, de la Rosa MC, et al. Effect of policosanol on lipofundin-induced atherosclerotic lesions in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1995; 47: 289–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castaño G, Más R, Fernández L, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effects of policosanol in patients with intermittent claudication. Angiology 1998; 50: 123–30
   Google Scholar
• Fernández L, Más R, Illnait J, et al. Policosanol: results of a postmarketing surveillance control on 27 879 cases. Curr Ther Res 1998; 59: 717–22
   Google Scholar
• Schectman G, Hiatt J. Drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia in patients with cardiovascular disease: factors limiting achievement of lipid goals. Am J Med 1996; 100: 197–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sicgler L, Wu WT. Separation of serum high-density lipoprotein for cholesterol determination: ultracentrifugation vs precipitation with sodium phosphotungstate and magnesium chloride. Clin Chem 1981; 27: 838–41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Friederickson SD. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18: 499–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor WE, Connor SL. The dietary treatment of hyperlipidemia: rationale, technique and efficacy. Med Clin North Am 1982; 66: 485–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett-Connor E. Estrogen replacement therapy and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis XI. In Proceedings of the XIth International Symposium on Atherosclerosis. 1998, 811–16
   Google Scholar
• Nasr A, Breckwoldt M. Estrogen replacement therapy and cardiovascular protection: lipid mechanisms are the tip of an iceberg [Review]. Gynecol Endocrinol 1998; 12: 43–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar