95
Views
47
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Influence of obesity and menopausal status on serum leptin, cholecystokinin, galanin and neuropeptide Y levels

, , , &
Pages 196-203 | Published online: 05 Aug 2009

References

  • Stern MP, Haffner SM. Body fat distribution and hyperinsulinemia as risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Arteriosclerosis 1986; 6: 123–30
  • Kotani K, Tokunaga K, Fujioka S, et al. Sexual dimorphism of age related changes of whole body fat distribution in the obese. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1994; 18: 207–12
  • Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature (London) 1994; 372: 425–32
  • Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 292–5
  • Morley J. Neuropeptide regulation of appetite and weight. Endocr Rev 1987; 8: 256–87
  • Bray GA. Peptides affect the intake of specific nutrients and the sympathetic nervous system. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55: 265S–271S
  • Schwartz MW, Baskin DG, Bukowski TR. Specificity of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in ob/ob mice. Diabetes 1996; 45: 531–5
  • Amer P. The β3-adrenergic receptor-α cause and cure of obesity?. N Engl J Med 1996; 333: 382–3
  • Widen E, Lehto M, Kanninen T, et al. Association of a polymorphism in the β3-adrenergic receptor gene with features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Finns. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 348–51
  • Collins S, Kuhn CM, Petro AE, et al. Role of leptin in fat regulation. Nature (London) 1996; 380: 677
  • Kalra SP, Kalra PS. Nutritional infertility: the role of the interconnected hypothalamic neuropeptide Y–galanin opioid network. Front Neuroendocrinal 1996; 17: 371–401
  • Tatemoto K, Rokaeus A, Jornvall H, et al. Galanin: a novel biologically active peptide from porcine intestines. FEBS Lett 1983; 164: 124–8
  • Liposits Z, Reid JJ, Negro-Vilar A, et al. Sexual dimorphism in copackaging of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and galanin into neurosecretory vesicles of hypophysiotrophic neurons: estrogen dependency. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 1987–92
  • Crawley JN, Corwin RL. Biological actions of cholecystokinin. Peptides 1996; 15: 731–55
  • Dulawa SC, Vanderweele DA. Cholecystokinin and estradiol synergistically potentiate satiety in rats. Peptides 1994; 15: 913–18
  • Reidelberger RD. Cholecystokinin and control of food intake. J Nutr 1994; 124: 1327S–1333S
  • Tchernof A, Calles-Escandon J, Sites CK, et al. Menopause, central body fatness, and insulin resistance: effects of hormone-replacement therapy. Coron Artery Dis 1998; 9: 503–11
  • Bernardi F, Petraglia F, Seppala M, et al. Somatotropic axis and body weight in premenopausal and post-menopausal women: evidence for a neuroendocrine derangement, in absence of changes of insulin-like growth factor binding protein concentrations. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 279–84
  • Thompson JL, Butterfield GE, Gylfadottir UK, et al. Effects of human growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, and diet and exercise on body composition of obese postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 1477–84
  • Scacchi M, Pincelli AI, Cavagnini F, et al. Growth hormone in obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23: 260–71
  • Ijuin H, Douchi T, Oki T, et al. The contribution of menopause to changes in body-fat distribution. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 1999; 25: 367–72
  • Tremollieres FA, Pouilles JM, Cauneille C, et al. Coronary heart disease risk factors and menopause: a study in 1684 French women. Atherosclerosis 1999; 142: 415–23
  • Stokes J, Garrison RJ, Cambien WB. The independent contributions of various indices of obesity to the 22-year incidence of coronary heart disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Metabolic Complications of Human Obesities, J Vague, P Bjoerntorp, M Rebutte-Scrive, et al. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1985; 49–57
  • Kennedy A, Gettys TW, Watson P, et al. The metabolic significance of leptin in humans: gender-based differences in relationship to adiposity, insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 1293–300
  • Hassink SG, Sheslow DV, de Lancey E, et al. Serum leptin in children with obesity: relationship to gender and development. Pediatrics 1996; 98: 201–3
  • Klein S, Coppack SW, Mohamed Ali V, et al. Adipose tissue leptin production and plasma leptin kinetics in humans. Diabetes 1996; 45: 984–7
  • Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL. Role of gonadal steroids in the sexual dimorphism in body composition and circulating concentration of leptin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1784–9
  • Haffner SM, Stern MP, Miettinen H, et al. Leptin concentrations in diabetic and nondiabetic Mexican-Americans. Diabetes 1996; 45: 822–4
  • Stephens TW, Basinski M, Bristow PK. The role of neuropeptide Y in the anti-obesity action of the obese gene product. Nature (London) 1995; 377: 530–2
  • Wang Q, Bing C, Al Barazanji K, et al. Interactions between leptin and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y neurons in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis in the rat. Diabetes 1997; 46: 335–41
  • Halaas JL, Gajiwala KS, Maffei M, et al. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 1995; 269: 543–6
  • Chehab FF. A broader role for leptin. Nature Med 1996; 2: 723–4
  • Horvath TL, Kalra SP, Naftolin F, et al. Morphological evidence for a galanin–opiate interaction in the rat mediobasal hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinal 1995; 7: 579–88
  • Horvath TL, Naftolin F, Kalra SP, et al. Neuropeptide Y innervation of β-endorphin-containing cells in the rat mediobasal hypothalamus: a light and electron microscopic double immunostaining analysis. Endocrinology 1992; 131: 2461–7
  • Sahu A, Crowley WR, Kalra SP. Hypothalamic neuropeptide-Y gene expression increases before the onset of the ovarian steroid-induced luteinizing-hormone surge. Endocrinology 1994; 134: 1018–22
  • Sahu A, Dube MG, Phelps CP, et al. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor II suppress neuropeptide Y release from the nerve terminals in the paraventricular nucleus: a putative hypothalamic site for energy homeostasis. Endocrinology 1995; 136: 5718–24
  • Smith BK, Berthoud HR, York DA, et al. Differential effects of baseline macronutrient preferences on macronutrient selection after galanin, NPY, and an overnight fast. Peptides 1997; 18: 207–11
  • Xu B, Pu S, Kalra PS, et al. An interactive physiological role of neuropeptide Y and galanin in pulsatile pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 5297–302
  • Young JK. Estrogen and the etiology of anorexia nervosa. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1991; 15: 327–31
  • Chebab FF, Lim ME, Lu R. Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin. Nature Genet 1996; 12: 318–20
  • Karlsson C, Lindell K, Svensson E, et al. Expression of functional leptin receptors in the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 4144–8

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.