Low incidence of endometrial hyperplasia with acceptable bleeding patterns in women taking sequential hormone replacement therapy with dydrogesterone

References

• Harlap S. The benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy: an epidemiologic overview. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1986–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grady D, Gebretsadik T, Kerlikowske K, et al. Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 85: 304–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinton LA, Hoover RN. Estrogen replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: unresolved issues. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 81: 265–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro S, Kelly JP, Rosenberg L, et al. Risk of localised and widespread endometrial cancer in relation to recent and discontinued use of conjugated estrogens. N Engl J Med 1985; 13: 969–72
   Google Scholar
• Voigt LF, Weiss NS, Chur J, et al. Progestogen supplementation of exogenous oestrogens and risk of endometrial cancer. Lancet 1991; 338: 274–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead MI, Fraser D. The effects of estrogens and progestogens on the endometrium. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1987; 14: 299–320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma TR. Effect of long-term therapy with estrogen and progesterone on the endometrium of post-menopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1985; 64: 41–6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferenczy A, Gelfand MM. Endometrial histology and bleeding patterns in post-menopausal women taking sequential, combined estradiol and dydrogesterone. Maturitas 1997; 26: 219–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane G, Siddle NC, Ryder TA, et al. Effect of dydrogesterone on the oestrogenized postmenopausal endometrium. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1986; 93: 55–62
   Google Scholar
• Lane G, Siddle NC, Ryder TA, et al. Endometrial responses, side-effects and bleeding patterns in postmenopausal women using various doses of dydrogesterone in combination with conjugated oestrogens. Br J Clin Pract 1983; 24(Suppl)23–6
   Google Scholar
• Van der Mooren MJ, Hanselaar AG, Born GF, et al. Changes in the withdrawal bleeding pattern and enometrial histology during 17β-oestradiol-dydrogesterone therapy in post-menopausal women: a 2-year prospective study. Maturitas 1994; 20: 175–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burch DJ, Spowart KJM, Jesinger DK, et al. A dose-ranging study of the use of cyclical dydrogesterone with continuous 17β oestradiol. Brit J Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 102: 243–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vermorken AJM, Sultan CH, Goos CMAA. Dydrogesterone has no peripheral (anti)-androgenic properties. In Vivo 1987; 1: 167–72
   Google Scholar
• Ottosson UB, Johansson BG, von Schoultz B. Sub-fractions of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol during estrogen replacement therapy: a comparison between progestogens and natural progesterone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151: 746–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacey RW, Howson GL, Sampson GA. Safety of progestins: effects of dydrogesterone on blood lipids. 1983; 4–10, Brit J Clin Prac; Suppl 2
   Google Scholar
• Martin AI. Progestins: a review of safety and tolerance in long-term administration. Mod Med 1986; 31(Suppl)1–7
   Google Scholar
• van de Weijer PHM, Barentsen R, Kenemans P. Women's expectations and acceptance of cyclic induced HRT bleeds. Maturitas 1998; 30: 257–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sporrong T, Rybo G, Mattsson LA, et al. An objective and subjective assessment of uterine blood loss in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 99: 399–402
   Google Scholar
• Hahn RC. Compliance considerations with estrogen replacement: withdrawal bleeding and other factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 99: 325–8
   Google Scholar
• Ryan PJ, Harrison R, Blake GM, et al. Compliance with hormone replacement therapy after screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992; 99: 325–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Writing Group for the PEPI trial. Effects on hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The postmenopausal estrogen/progestin intervention trial. J Am Med Assoc 1996; 275: 370–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korhonen MO, Symons JP, Hyde BM. Histologic classification and pathologic findings for endometrial biopsy specimens obtained from 2964 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women undergoing screening for continuous hormones as replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176: 377–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodruff JD, Pickar JH. Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women taking conjugated estrogens (Premarin) with medroxyprogesterone acetate or conjugated estrogens alone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 1213–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushing KL, Weiss NS, Voigt LF, et al. Risk of endometrial cancer in relation to use of low-dose, unopposed estrogens. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 91: 35–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caudron JRT, Hendrickx B. Comparison of two equine oestrogen-dydrogesterone regimens in the climacteric. Maturitas 1988; 10: 133–41
   Google Scholar
• Rees M, Leather A, Pryse-Davies J, et al. A first study to compare two dosages of dydrogesterone in opposing the 50 mg oestradiol implant. Maturitas 1991; 14: 9–15
   Google Scholar
• Siddle NC, Fraser D, Whitehead MI, et al. Endometrial, physical and psychological effects of postmenopausal oestrogen therapy with added dydrogesterone. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 97: 1101–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar