25
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Polycystic ovary syndrome: a new ultrasonographic and color Doppler pattern

, , , , , & show all
Pages 417-424 | Published online: 05 Aug 2009

References

  • Insler V, Shoham Z, Barash A, et al. Polycystic ovaries in non-obese and obese patients: possible pathophysiological mechanism based on new interpretation of facts and findings. Hum Reprod 1993; 8: 379–84
  • Homburg R. Polycystic ovary syndrome – from gynaecological curiosity to multisystem endocrinopathy. Hum Reprod 1996; 11: 29–39
  • Franks S. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a changing perspective. Clin Endocrinol 1989; 31: 87–120
  • Stein IF, Leventhal ML. Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1935; 29: 181–91
  • Waldstreicher J, Santoro N, Hall J, et al. Hyperfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis in women with polycystic ovarian disease: indirect evidence for partial gonadotrophin desensitization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 66: 165–72
  • Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction. Insulin resistance, DE Moller. Wiley and Sons, Boston 1993; 301–25
  • Seino S, Seino M, Bell GI. Human insulin-receptor gene. Diabetes 1990; 39: 129–33
  • Julier C, Weil D, Couillin P. The beta chorionic gonadotropin-beta luteinizing gene cluster maps to human chromosome 19. Hum Genet 1984; 67: 174–7
  • Conway GS, Jacobs HS, Holly JM, et al. Effects of luteinizing hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor small binding protein 1 in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 1990; 33: 593–603
  • Poretsky L, Piper B. Insulin resistance, hypersecretion of LH, and a dual defect hypothesis for the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84: 613–21
  • Buyalos RP, Bergman RN, Geffner ME, et al. The influence of luteinizing hormone and insulin on sex steroids and sex hormone-binding globulin in the polycystic ovarian syndrome. Fertil Steril 1993; 60: 626–33
  • Yeh HC, Futterweit W, Thornton JC. Polycystic ovarian disease: US features in 104 patients. Radiology 1987; 163: 111–6
  • Adams J, Franks S, Poison DW, et al. Multifollicular ovaries: clinical and endocrine features and response to pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone. Lancet 1985; 2: 1375–8
  • Fox R, Corrigan E, Thomas PA. The diagnosis of polycystic ovaries in women with oligomenorrhea: predictive power of endocrine tests. Clin Endocrinol 1991; 34: 127–31
  • Takahashi K, Eda Y, Abu-Musa A, et al. Transvaginal ultrasound imaging, histipathology and endocrinopathy in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 1994; 9: 1231–6
  • Yoshino K, Takahashi K, Eda Y, et al. Endocrinological environment with regard to the number of microcysts in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 1992; 7: 1201–4
  • Parisi L, Tramonti M, Casciano S, et al. The role of ultrasound in the study of polycystic ovarian disease. J Clin Ultrasound (New York) 1982; 10: 167–72
  • Hann LE, Hall DA, McArdle CR, et al. Polycystic ovarian disease: sonographic spectrum. Radiology 1984; 150: 531–4
  • Nicolini U, Ferrazzi E, Bellotti M, et al. The contribution of sonographic evaluation of ovarian size in patients with polycystic ovarian disease. J Ultrasound Med 1985; 4: 341–51
  • Eden JA. Which is the best way to detect the polycystic ovary?. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1988; 28: 221–4
  • Saxton DW, Farquhar CM, Rae T, et al. Accuracy of ultrasound measurements of female pelvic organs. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 97: 695–9
  • Takahashi K, Eda Y, Okada S, et al. Morphological assessment of polycystic ovary using transvaginal ultrasound. Hum Reprod 1993; 8: 844–9
  • Farber M, Madanes A, O'Brian DS, et al. Asymmetric hypertecosis ovarii. Obstet Gynecol, 57: 521–5
  • Poison DW, Adams J, Steer PJ, et al. Unilateral polycystic ovary. Case report. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 93: 1100–3
  • Insler V, Lunenfeld B. Polycystic ovarian disease: a challenge and controversy. Gynecol Endocrinol 1990; 4: 51–69
  • Dolz M, Osborne NG, Blanes J, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome: assessment with color doppler angiography and three-dimensional ultrasonography. J Ultrasound Med 1999; 18: 303–13
  • Battaglia C, Artini PG, D'Ambrogio G, et al. The role of color Doppler imaging in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172: 108–13
  • Zaidi J, Campbell S, Pittrof R, et al. Ovarian stromal blood flow in women with polycystic ovaries – a possible new marker for diagnosis?. Hum Reprod 1995; 10: 1992–6
  • Aleem FA, Predanic M. Transvaginal color Doppler determination of the ovarian and uterine blood flow characteristics in polycystic ovary disease. Fertil Steril 1996; 65: 510–6
  • Ferriman D, Gallwey JD. Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Clin Endocrinol 1971; 21: 1440–7
  • Pache TD, Wladimiroff JW, Hop WCJ, et al. How to discriminate between normal and polycystic ovaries: transvaginal US study. Radiology, 183: 421–3
  • Pache TD, De Jong FH, Hop WC, et al. Association between ovarian changes assessed by transvaginal sonography and clinical and endocrine signs of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1993; 59: 544–9
  • Zaidi J, Jurkovic D, Campbell S, et al. Circadian variation in uterine artery blood flow indices during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995; 5: 406–10
  • Battaglia C, Artini PG, D'Ambrogio G, et al. Uterine and ovarian blood flow measurement. Does the full bladder modify the flow resistance?. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1994; 73: 716–8
  • Battaglia C, Genazzani AD, Salvatori M, et al. Doppler, ultrasonographic and endocrinological environment with regard to the number of small subcapsular follicles in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999; 13: 123–9
  • Poison DW, Adams J, Wadsworth J, et al. Polycystic ovaries – a common finding in normal women. Lancet 1988; 1: 870–2
  • Gadir AA, Khatim MS, Mowafi RS, et al. Implications of ultrasonically diagnosed polycystic ovaries: I. Correlations with basal hormonal levels. Hum Reprod 1992; 7: 453–7
  • Clayton RN, Ogden V, Hodgkinson J. How common are polycystic ovaries in normal women and what is their significance for the fertility of the population?. Clin Endocrinol 1992; 37: 127–34
  • Hull MGR. Polycystic ovarian disease: clinical aspects and prevalence. Res Clin Forums 1989; 11: 21–34
  • Zawedzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, A Dunaif, JR Givens, FP Haseltine, et al. Blackwell Scientific, Boston 1992; 377–84
  • Koskinen P, Penttila TA, Anttila L, et al. Optimal use of hormone determinations in the biochemical diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1996; 65: 517–22
  • Gilling-Smith C, Willis DS, Beard RW, et al. Hypersecretion of androstenedione by isolated theca cells from polycystic ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79: 1158–65
  • Gilling-Smith C, Story EH, Rogers V, et al. Evidence for a primary abnormality of thecal cell steroidogenesis in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 1997; 47: 93–9
  • Ibanez L, Hall JE, Potau N. Ovarian 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist challenge in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is not mediated by luteinizing hormone hypersecretion: evidence from GnRH agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation testing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 4103–7
  • Franks S, Gharani N, Waterworth D, et al. The genetic basis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 1997; 12: 2641–48
  • Battaglia C, Regnani G, Petraglia F, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome: it is always bilateral?. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999; 14: 183–7
  • Conway GS, Jacobs HS, Holly JM, et al. Effects of luteinizing hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor small binding protein 1 in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol 1990; 33: 593–603
  • Poretsky L, Piper B. Insulin resistance, hypersecretion of LH, and a dual defect hypothesis for the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84: 613–21
  • Senoz S, Ozaksit G, Turhan NO, et al. Lipid profiles in women with hirsutism and polycystic ovaries. Gynecol Endocrinol 1994; 8: 33–7
  • Battaglia C, Artini PG, Genazzani AD, et al. Color Doppler analysis in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996; 7: 342–6
  • Battaglia C, Artini PG, Salvatori M, et al. Ultrasonographic patterns of polycystic ovaries: color Doppler and hormonal correlations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998; 11: 332–6
  • Battaglia C, Artini PG, Genazzani AD, et al. Color Doppler analysis in oligo-and amenorrheic women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 1997; 11: 105–10
  • Battaglia C, Genazzani AD, Artini PG, et al. Ultrasonographic and color Doppler analysis in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1998; 12: 180–7

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.