53
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Review: The LH surge in humans: its mechanism and sex difference

&
Pages 165-182 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Goh H. H., Ratnam S. S., London D. R. The feminisation of gonadotrophin responses in intact male transsexuals. Clin. Endocrinol. 1984; 20: 591–6
  • Goh H. H., Wong P. C., Ratnam S. S. Effects of sex steroids on the positive estrogen feedback mechanism in intact women and castrate men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1985; 61: 1158–64
  • Gooren L. The neuroendocrine response of luteinizing hormone to estrogen administration in heterosexual, homosexual, and transsexual subjects. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1986; 63: 583–8
  • Dorner G., Staudt J. Structural changes in the preoptic anterior hypothalamic area of the male rat, following neonatal castration and androgen substitution. Neuroendocrinology 1968; 3: 131–40
  • Dorner G., Staudt J. Structural changes in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of the male rat. following neonatal castration and androgen treatment. Neuroendocrinology 1969; 4: 278–81
  • Dorner G. Sexual differentiation of the brain. Vitam. Horm. 1980; 38: 325–81
  • Gladue B. A., Green R., Hellman R. E. Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation. Science 1984; 225: 1496–8
  • Gooren L. The neuroendocrine response of luteinizing hormone to estrogen administration in the human is not sex specific but dependent on the hormonal environment. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1986; 63: 589–93
  • Mishell D. R., Jr., Nakamura R. M., Crosignani P. G., Stone S., Karma K., Nagata Y., Thorneycroft I. H. Serum gonadotropin and steroid patterns during the normal menstrual cycle. Am. J. Gynecol. 1971; 111: 60–5
  • Thorneycroft I. H., Sribyatta B., Tom W. K., Nakamura R. M., Mishell D. R., Jr. Measurement of serum LH, FSH, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and estradiol-17p levels at four-hour intervals during the periovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1974; 39: 754–8
  • Yamaji T., Dierschke D. J., Bhattacharya A. N., Knobil E. The negative feedback control by estradiol and progesterone of LH secretion in ovariectomized rhesus monkey. Endocrinology 1972; 90: 771–7
  • Karsch F. J., Weick R. F., Butler W. R., Dierschke D. J., Krey L. C., Weiss G., Hotchkiss J., Yamaji T., Knobil E. Induced LH surges in the rhesus monkey: strength-duration characteristics of the estrogen stimulus. Endocrinology 1973; 92: 1740–7
  • Keye W. R., Jr., Jaffe R. B. Strength-duration characteristics of estrogen effects on gonadotropin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in women. I. Effects of varying duration of estradiol administration. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1976; 41: 1003–8
  • Young J. R., Jaffe R. B. Strength-duration characteristics of estrogen effects on gonadotropin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in women. II. Effect of varying concentrations of estradiol. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1976; 42: 432–42
  • Shaw R. W., Butt W. R., London D. R., Marshall J. C. The oestrogen provocation test: A method for assessing the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in patients with amenorrhoea. Clin. Endocrinol. 1975; 4: 267–76
  • Dorner G., Rohde W., Stahl F., Krell L., Masius W. G. A neuroendocrine predisposition for homosexuality in men. Arch. Sex. Behav. 1975; 4: 1–8
  • Seyler L. E., Canalis E., Spare S., Reichlin R. Abnormal gonadotropin secretory response to LRH in transsexual women after diethylstilbestrol priming. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1978; 47: 176–82
  • Gorski R. A. Localization of sexual differentiation of the nervous structures which regulate ovulation. J. Reprod. Fertil (suppl.) 1966; 1: 67–88
  • Gorski R. A. Gonadal hormones and the perinatal development of neuroendocrine functions. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, L. Martini, W. F. Ganong. Oxford University Press, New York 1971; 237–90
  • Stearns E. L., Winter J. S. D., Faiman C. Positive feedback effect of progestin upon serum gonadotropins in oestrogen-primed castrate men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1973; 37: 635–8
  • Barbarino A., DeMarinis L., De Mancini A. Estradiol modulation of basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced gonadotropin release in intact and castrated men. Neuroendocrinology 1983; 36: 105–11
  • Barbarino A., De Marinis L. Estrogen induction of luteinizing hormone release in castrated adult human males. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1980; 51: 280–6
  • Kulin H. E., Reiter E. O. Gonadotropin and testosterone measurements after estrogen administration to adult men, prepubertal and pubertal boys, and men with hypogonadotropism: evidence for maturation of positive feedback in the male. Pediat. Res. 1976; 10: 46–51
  • Barbarino A., DeMarinis L., Lafuenti G., Muscatella P., Matteucci B. R. Presence of positive feedback between oestrogen and LH in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxford) 1979; 10: 235–42
  • Kandeel F. R., Butt W. R., London D. R., Lynch S. S., LoganEdwards R., Rudd B. T. Oestrogen amplification of LHRH response in the polycystic ovary syndrome and response to clomiphene. Clin. Endocrinol. 1978; 9: 429–41
  • Parks G. A., Korth-Schutz S., Penny R., Hilding R. F., Dumars K. W., Frasier S. D., New M. I. Variation in pituitary gonadal function in adolescent male homosexuals and heterosexuals. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1974; 39: 796–801
  • Murray M. A. F., Bancroft J. H. H., Anderson D. C., Tennant T. G., Carr P. J. Endocrine changes in male sexual deviants after treatment with anti-androgens, oestrogens or tranquilizers. J. Endocrinol. 1975; 67: 179–88
  • Anderson D. C., Murray M. A. F., Fisher R. A., Thorner M. O., McNeily A. S. Study of estrogen and androgen feedback control of gonadotrophins in normal men. Program Am. Endoc. Soc. 1974, Abstract 6
  • Barbarino A., DeMarinis L., DeMancini A., Giustacchini M., Alcini A. E. Biphasic effect of estradiol on luteinizing hormone response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in castrated men. Metabolism 1982; 31: 755–8
  • Ryan K. J., Naftolin F., Reddy V., Flores F., Petro Z. Estrogen formation in the brain. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1972; 114: 454–60
  • Steiner R. A., Schiller S., Barber J., Gale C. C. Luteinizing hormone regulation in monkey (Macaca nemstrina): failure of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone to block the estrogen-induced gonadotropin surge. Biol. Reprod. 1978; 19: 51–6
  • Goh H. H., Karim S. M. M., Ratnam S. S. Recovery of hypophyseal-testicular function from sex steroid treatment and the pituitary response to castration in male transsexuals. Clin. Endocrinol. 1981; 15: 519–23
  • Gooren L. Reversal of the LH response to oestrogen administration after orchidectomy in a male subject with the androgen insensitivity syndrome. Horm. Metab. Res. 1987; 19: 138
  • Sopelak V. M., Hodgen G. D. Blockade of the estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone surge in monkeys: a nonsteroidal, antigenic factor in porcine follicular fluid. Fertil. Steril. 1984; 41: 108–13
  • Schenken R. S., Hodgen G. D. Follicle-stimulating hormone induced ovarian hyperstimulation in monkeys: blockade of the luteinizing hormone surge. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1983; 57: 50–5
  • Kreitmann O., Lynch A., Nixon W. E., Hodgen G. D. Ovum collection, induced luteal dysfunction, in vitro fertilization, embryo development and low tubal ovum transfer in primates. In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer, E. S. E. Hafez, K. Semm. MTP Press Ltd, New York 1980; 303–24
  • Goodman A. L., Hodgen G. D. Post partum patterns of circulating FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone in nonsuckling cynomolgus monkeys. Steroids 1978; 31: 731–41
  • Knobil E. Patterns of hypophysiotropic signals and gonadotropin secretion in the rhesus monkey. Biol. Reprod. 1981; 24: 44–9
  • Norman R. L., Gliessman P., Lindstrom S. A., Hill J., Spies H. G. Reinitiation of ovulatory cycles in pituitary stalk-sectioned rhesus monkeys: Evidence for a specific hypothalamic message for the preovulatory release of luteinizing hormone. Endocrinology 1982; 111: 1874–82
  • Conte F. A., Grumbach M. M., Kaplan S. L., Reiter E. O. Correlation of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor-induced luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release from infancy to 19 years with the changing pattern of gonadotropin secretion in agonadal patients: relation to the restraint of puberty. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1980; 50: 163–8
  • Grumbach M. M., Roth J. C., Kaplan S. L., Kelch R. P. Hypothalamic-pituitary regulation of puberty in man: evidence and concepts derived from clinical research. The Control of the Onset of Puberty, M. M. Grumbach, G. D. Grave, F. E. Meyer. John Wiley and Sons, New York 1974; 115–66
  • Kelch R. P., Corley K. P., Valk T. W., Marshall J. C. Quantitative estimation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion during human puberty. Proceedings of Serono Symposium No. 36, E. Cacciari, A. Prader. Academic Press, New York 1980; 23–41, Pathophysiology of Puberty
  • Kelch R. P., Marshall J. C., Sauder S. E., Hopwood N. J., Reame N. E. Gonadotropin regulation during human puberty. Neuroendocrine Aspects of Reproduction, R. L. Norman. Academic Press, New York 1983; 229–55
  • Corley K. P., Valk T. W., Kelch R. P., Marshall J. C. Estimation of GnRH pulse amplitude during pubertal development. Pediat. Res. 1981; 15: 157–62
  • Jakacki R. I., Kelch R. P., Sauder S. E., Lloyd J. S., Hopwood N. J., Marshall J. C. Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1982; 55: 453–8
  • Sauder S. E., Corley K. P., Hopwood N. J., Kelch R. P. Subnormal gonadotropin responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone persist into puberty in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1982; 53: 1186–92

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.