Genetic determinants of on-clopidogrel high platelet reactivity

References

• Gent M. The CAPRIE trial: Culmination of the preregistration program for clopidogrel. Clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events. Clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events. Semin Thromb Hemost 1999; 25: 1–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE, Cacoub P, Cohen EA, Creager MA, Easton JD, et al. CHARISMA investigators. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1706–1717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Peters RJ, Bertrand ME, Lewis BS, Natarajan MK, Malmberg K, Rupprecht H, Zhao F, Chrolavicius S, et al. Effects of pretreatment with clopidogrel and aspirin followed by long-term therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: The PCI-CURE study. Lancet 2001; 358: 527–533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon MB, Baim DS, Popma JJ, Gordon PC, Cutlip DE, Ho KK, Giambartolomei A, Diver DJ, Lasorda DM, Williams DO, et al. A clinical trial comparing three antithrombotic drug regimens after coronary-artery stenting. Stent anticoagulation restenosis study investigators. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1665–1671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertrand ME, Rupprecht HJ, Urban P, Gershlick AH. CLASSICS investigators. Double-blind study of the safety of clopidogrel with and without a loading dose in combination with aspirin compared with ticlopidine in combination with aspirin after coronary stenting: The clopidogrel aspirin stent international cooperative study (CLASSICS). Circulation 2000; 102: 624–629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campo G, Fileti L, de Cesare N, Meliga E, Furgieri A, Russo F, Colangelo S, Brugaletta S, Ferrari R, Valgimigli M. 3T/2R investigators. Long-term clinical outcome based on aspirin and clopidogrel responsiveness status after elective percutaneous coronary intervention: A 3T/2R trial substudy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 1447–1455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price MJ, Endemann S, Gollapudi RR, Valencia R, Stinis CT, Levisay JP, Ernst A, Sawhney NS, Schatz RA, Teirstein PS. Prognostic significance of post-clopidogrel platelet reactivity assessed by a point-of-care assay on thrombotic events after drug-eluting stent implantation. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 992–1000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Hiatt BL, O’Connor CM. Clopidogrel for coronary stenting: Response variability, drug resistance, and the effect of pretreatment platelet reactivity. Circulation 2003; 107: 2908–2913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angiolillo DJ, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Bernardo E, Alfonso F, Macaya C, Bass TA, Costa MA. Variability in individual responsiveness to clopidogrel: Clinical implications, management, and future perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 1505–1516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon T, Verstuyft C, Mary-Krause M, Quteineh L, Drouet E, Méneveau N, Steg PG, Ferrières J, Danchin N, Becquemont L. Genetic determinants of response to clopidogrel and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 363–375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurbel PA, Tantry US, Shuldiner AR, Kereiakes DJ. Genotyping: One piece of the puzzle to personalize antiplatelet therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 112–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caplain H, Donat F, Gaud C, Necciari J. Pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel. Semin Thromb Hemost 1999; 25(Suppl. 2)25–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen J, Strauch G, Perles P, Pritchard G, Moreland TE, Necciari J, Dickinson JP. Clopidogrel bioavailability: Absence of influence of food or antacids. Semin Thromb Hemost 1999; 25(Suppl. 2)47–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nirogi RV, Kandikere VN, Mudigonda K. Effect of food on bioavailability of a single oral dose of clopidogrel in healthy male subjects. Arzneimittelforschung 2006; 56: 735–739
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campo G, Valgimigli M, Gemmati D, Percoco G, Catozzi L, Frangione A, Federici F, Ferrari F, Tebaldi M, Luccarelli S, et al. Poor responsiveness to clopidogrel: Drug-specific or class-effect mechanism? Evidence from a clopidogrel-to-ticlopidine crossover study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 1132–1137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim RB, Leake BF, Choo EF, Dresser GK, Kubba SV, Schwarz UI, Taylor A, Xie HG, McKinsey J, Zhou S, et al. Identification of functionally variant MDR1 alleles among European Americans and African Americans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 70: 189–199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taubert D, von Beckerath N, Grimberg G, Lazar A, Jung N, Goeser T, Kastrati A, Schömig A, Schömig E. Impact of P-glycoprotein on clopidogrel absorption. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 80: 486–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campo G, Parrinello G, Ferraresi P, Lunghi B, Tebaldi M, Miccoli M, Marchesini J, Bernardi F, Ferrari R, Valgimigli M. Prospective evaluation of on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity over time in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Relationship with gene polymorphisms and clinical outcome. JACC 2011
   Google Scholar
• Mega JL, Close SL, Wiviott SD, Shen L, Walker JR, Simon T, Antman EM, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS. Genetic variants in ABCB1 and CYP2C19 and cardiovascular outcomes after treatment with clopidogrel and prasugrel in the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial: A pharmacogenetic analysis. Lancet 2010; 376: 1312–1319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon T, Verstuyft C, Mary-Krause M, Quteineh L, Drouet E, Méneveau N, Steg PG, Ferrières J, Danchin N, Becquemont L. French registry of acute ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (FAST-MI) investigators. Genetic determinants of response to clopidogrel and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 363–375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallentin L, James S, Storey RF, Armstrong M, Barratt BJ, Horrow J, Husted S, Katus H, Steg PG, Shah SH, et al. PLATO investigators. Effect of CYP2C19 and ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms on outcomes of treatment with ticagrelor versus clopidogrel for acute coronary syndromes: A genetic substudy of the PLATO trial. Lancet 2010; 376: 1320–1328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt JT, Close SL, Iturria SJ, Payne CD, Farid NA, Ernest CS, 2nd, Lachno DR, Salazar D, Winters KJ. Common polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response to clopidogrel but not prasugrel. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5: 2429–2436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tantry US, Bliden KP, Wei C, Storey RF, Armstrong M, Butler K, Gurbel PA. First analysis of the relation between CYP2C19 genotype and pharmacodynamics in patients treated with ticagrelor versus clopidogrel: The ONSET/OFFSET and RESPOND genotype studies. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2010; 3: 556–566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trenk D, Hochholzer W, Fromm MF, Chialda LE, Pahl A, Valina CM, Stratz C, Schmiebusch P, Bestehorn HP, Büttner HJ, et al. Cytochrome P450 2C19 681G>A polymorphism and high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity associated with adverse 1-year clinical outcome of elective percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting or bare-metal stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 1925–1934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mega JL, Close SL, Wiviott SD, Shen L, Hockett RD, Brandt JT, Walker JR, Antman EM, Macias W, Braunwald E, et al. Cytochrome p-450 polymorphisms and response to clopidogrel. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 354–362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie HG, Kim RB, Wood AJ, Stein CM. Molecular basis of ethnic differences in drug disposition and response. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2001; 41: 815–850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JM, Park S, Shin DJ, Choi D, Shim CY, Ko YG, Kim JS, Shin ES, Chang CW, Lee JE, et al. Relation of genetic polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450 gene with clopidogrel resistance after drug-eluting stent implantation in Koreans. Am J Cardiol 2009; 104: 46–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibbing D, Koch W, Gebhard D, Schuster T, Braun S, Stegherr J, Morath T, Schömig A, von Beckerath N, Kastrati A. Cytochrome 2C19*17 allelic variant, platelet aggregation, bleeding events, and stent thrombosis in clopidogrel-treated patients with coronary stent placement. Circulation 2010; 121: 512–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiroch KA, Sibbing D, Koch W, Roosen-Runge T, Mehilli J, Schömig A, Kastrati A. Protective effect of the CYP2C19 *17 polymorphism with increased activation of clopidogrel on cardiovascular events. Am Heart J 2010; 160: 506–512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazui M, Nishiya Y, Ishizuka T, Hagihara K, Farid NA, Okazaki O, Ikeda T, Kurihara A. Identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the two oxidative steps in the bioactivation of clopidogrel to its pharmacologically active metabolite. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38: 92–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmsze AM, van Werkum JW, Ten Berg JM, Zwart B, Bouman HJ, Breet NJ, van’t Hof AW, Ruven HJ, Hackeng CM, Klungel OH, et al. CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles are associated with stent thrombosis: A case-control study. Eur Heart J 2010; 31: 3046–3053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranade K, Kirchgessner TG, Iakoubova OA, Devlin JJ, DelMonte T, Vishnupad P, Hui L, Tsuchihashi Z, Sacks FM, Sabatine MS, et al. Evaluation of the paraoxonases as candidate genes for stroke: Gln192Arg polymorphism in the paraoxonase 1 gene is associated with increased risk of stroke. Stroke 2005; 36: 2346–2350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harel M, Aharoni A, Gaidukov L, Brumshtein B, Khersonsky O, Meged R, Dvir H, Ravelli RB, McCarthy A, Toker L, et al. Structure and evolution of the serum paraoxonase family of detoxifying and anti-atherosclerotic enzymes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2004; 11: 412–419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouman HJ, Schömig E, van Werkum JW, Velder J, Hackeng CM, Hirschhäuser C, Waldmann C, Schmalz HG, Ten Berg JM, Taubert D. Paraoxonase-1 is a major determinant of clopidogrel efficacy. Nat Med 2011; 17: 110–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhattacharyya T, Nicholls SJ, Topol EJ, Zhang R, Yang X, Schmitt D, Fu X, Shao M, Brennan DM, Ellis SG, et al. Relationship of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and functional activity with systemic oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk. JAMA 2008; 299: 1265–1276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo HR, Poland RE, Lin KM, Wan YJ. Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2C19 in Mexican Americans: A cross-ethnic comparative study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 80: 33–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiviott SD, Trenk D, Frelinger AL, O’Donoghue M, Neumann FJ, Michelson AD, Angiolillo DJ, Hod H, Montalescot G, Miller DL, et al. PRINCIPLE-TIMI 44 investigators. Prasugrel compared with high loading- and maintenance-dose clopidogrel in patients with planned percutaneous coronary intervention: The prasugrel in comparison to clopidogrel for inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 44 trial. Circulation 2007; 116: 2923–2932
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, Neumann FJ, Ardissino D, De Servi S, Murphy SA, et al. TRITON-TIMI 38 investigators. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2001–2015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K, Antonino MJ, Wei C, Teng R, Rasmussen L, Storey RF, Nielsen T, Eikelboom JW, et al. Response to ticagrelor in clopidogrel nonresponders and responders and effect of switching therapies: The RESPOND study. Circulation 2010; 121: 1188–1199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, Cannon CP, Emanuelsson H, Held C, Horrow J, Husted S, James S, Katus H, et al. PLATO Investigators, Freij A, Thorsén M. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1045–1057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar