Platelet function testing in transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: A comprehensive systematic review of the literature

References

• Strong K, Mathers C, Bonita R. Preventing stroke: Saving lives around the world. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:182–187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012;380:2095–2128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koton S, Schneider AL, Rosamond WD, Shahar E, Sang Y, Gottesman RF, Coresh J. Stroke incidence and mortality trends in US communities, 1987 to 2011. JAMA 2014;312:259–268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, Mensah GA, Connor M, Bennett DA, Moran AE, Sacco RL, Anderson L, Truelsen T, et al. Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990–2010: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2014;383:245–254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Carlo A. Human and economic burden of stroke. Age Ageing 2009;38:4–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovelock CE, Molyneux AJ, Rothwell PM, S. Oxford Vascular. Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: A population-based study. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:487–493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Pais P, McQueen MJ, et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): A case-control study. Lancet 2010;376:112–123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marnane M, Duggan CA, Sheehan OC, Merwick A, Hannon N, Curtin D, Harris D, Williams EB, Horgan G, Kyne L, et al. Stroke subtype classification to mechanism-specific and undetermined categories by toast, A-S-C-O, and causative classification system: Direct comparison in the North Dublin population stroke study. Stroke 2010;41:1579–1586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garlichs CD, Kozina S, Fateh-Moghadam S, Handschu R, Tomandl B, Stumpf C, Eskafi S, Raaz D, Schmeisser A, Yilmaz A, et al. Upregulation of CD40-CD40 ligand (CD154) in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2003;34:1412–1418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grau AJ, Ruf A, Vogt A, Lichy C, Buggle F, Patscheke H, Hacke W. Increased fraction of circulating activated platelets in acute and previous cerebrovascular ischemia. Thromb Haemost 1998;80:298–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquardt L, Ruf A, Mansmann U, Winter R, Schuler M, Buggle F, Mayer H, Grau AJ. Course of platelet activation markers after ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002;33:2570–2574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe DJ, Harrison P, Mackie IJ, Sidhu PS, Purdy G, Lawrie AS, Watt H, Brown MM, Machin SJ. Platelet degranulation and monocyte-platelet complex formation are increased in the acute and convalescent phases after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Br J Haematol 2004;125:777–787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meiklejohn DJ, Vickers MA, Morrison ER, Dijkhuisen R, Moore I, Urbaniak SJ, Greaves M. In vivo platelet activation in atherothrombotic stroke is not determined by polymorphisms of human platelet glycoprotein IIIa or Ib. Br J Haematol 2001;112:621–631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulley GP, Heptinstall S, Taylor PM, Mitchell JR. ADP-induced platelet release reaction in acute stroke. Thromb Haemost 1983;50:524–526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antithrombotic Trialists Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002;324:71–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinese Acute Stroke Trial (CAST) Collaborative Group. CAST: Randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20,000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet 1997;349:1641–1649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group. The International Stroke Trial (IST): A randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet 1997;349:1569–1581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, Sivenius J, Smets P, Lowenthal A. European Stroke Prevention Study. 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke. J Neurol Sci 1996;143:1–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halkes PH, van Gijn J, Kappelle LJ, Koudstaal PJ, Algra A. Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): Randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006;367:1665–1673
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996;348:1329–1339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacco RL, Diener HC, Yusuf S, Cotton D, Ounpuu S, Lawton WA, Palesch Y, Martin RH, Albers GW, Bath P, et al. Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1238–1251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aradi D, Komocsi A, Price MJ, Cuisset T, Ari H, Hazarbasanov D, Trenk D, Sibbing D, Valgimigli M, Bonello L, et al. Efficacy and safety of intensified antiplatelet therapy on the basis of platelet reactivity testing in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:2140–2148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breet NJ, van Werkum JW, Bouman HJ, Kelder JC, Ten Berg JM, Hackeng CM. High on-aspirin platelet reactivity as measured with aggregation-based, cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition sensitive platelet function tests is associated with the occurrence of atherothrombotic events. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:2140–2148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonello L, Tantry US, Marcucci R, Blindt R, Angiolillo DJ, Becker R, Bhatt DL, Cattaneo M, Collet JP, Cuisset T, et al. Consensus and future directions on the definition of high on-treatment platelet reactivity to adenosine diphosphate. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:919–933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price MJ, Angiolillo DJ, Teirstein PS, Lillie E, Manoukian SV, Berger PB, Tanguay JF, Cannon CP, Topol EJ. Platelet reactivity and cardiovascular outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: A time-dependent analysis of the Gauging Responsiveness with a VerifyNow P2Y12 assay: Impact on Thrombosis and Safety (GRAVITAS) trial. Circulation 2011;124:1132–1137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobin WO, Kinsella JA, Coughlan T, Collins DR, O'Neill D, Murphy RP, Egan B, Tierney S, Feeley TM, McCabe DJ. High on-treatment platelet reactivity on commonly prescribed antiplatelet agents following transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke: Results from the Trinity Antiplatelet Responsiveness (TRAP) study. Eur J Neurol 2013;20:344–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobin WO, Kinsella JA, Collins DR, Coughlan T, O'Neill D, Egan B, Tierney S, Feeley TM, Murphy RP, McCabe DJ. Enhanced ex vivo inhibition of platelet function following addition of dipyridamole to aspirin after transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke: First results from the TRinity AntiPlatelet responsiveness (TrAP) study. Br J Haematol 2011;152:640–647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grau AJ, Reiners S, Lichy C, Buggle F, Ruf A. Platelet function under aspirin, clopidogrel, and both after ischemic stroke: A case-crossover study. Stroke 2003;34:849–854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serebruany VL, Malinin AI, Pokov AN, Hanley DF. Antiplatelet profiles of the fixed-dose combination of extended-release dipyridamole and low-dose aspirin compared with clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of transient ischemic attack: A randomized, single-blind, 30-day trial. Clin Ther 2008;30:249–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raman S, Jilma B. Time lag in platelet function inhibition by clopidogrel in stroke patients as measured by PFA-100. J Thromb Haemost 2004;2:2278–2279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serebruany VL, Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Malinin AI, Bhatt DL, Topol EL. Variability in platelet responsiveness to clopidogrel among 544 individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:246–251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serebruany VL, Malinin AI, Ziai W, Pokov AN, Bhatt DL, Alberts MJ, Hanley DF. Effects of clopidogrel and aspirin in combination versus aspirin alone on platelet activation and major receptor expression in patients after recent ischemic stroke: For the Plavix Use for Treatment of Stroke (PLUTO-Stroke) trial. Stroke 2005;36:2289–2292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serebruany VL, Malinin AI, Sane DC, Jilma B, Takserman A, Atar D, Hennekens CH. Magnitude and time course of platelet inhibition with Aggrenox and Aspirin in patients after ischemic stroke: The AGgrenox versus Aspirin Therapy Evaluation (AGATE) trial. Eur J Pharmacol 2004;499:315–324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brar SS, ten Berg J, Marcucci R, Price MJ, Valgimigli M, Kim HS, Patti G, Breet NJ, DiSciascio G, Cuisset T, et al. Impact of platelet reactivity on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: A collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:1945–1954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price MJ, Berger PB, Teirstein PS, Tanguay JF, Angiolillo DJ, Spriggs D, Puri S, Robbins M, Garratt KN, Bertrand OF, et al. Standard- vs high-dose clopidogrel based on platelet function testing after percutaneous coronary intervention: The GRAVITAS randomized trial. JAMA 2011;305:1097–1105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collet JP, Cuisset T, Range G, Cayla G, Elhadad S, Pouillot C, Henry P, Motreff P, Carrie D, Boueri Z, et al. Bedside monitoring to adjust antiplatelet therapy for coronary stenting. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2100–2109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinsella JA, Tobin WO, Cox D, Coughlan T, Collins R, O'Neill D, Murphy RP, McCabe DJ. Prevalence of ex vivo high on-treatment platelet reactivity on antiplatelet therapy after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke on the PFA-100((R)) and VerifyNow((R)). J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2013;22:e84–e92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adams HP, Jr Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 1993;24:35–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helgason CM, Tortorice KL, Winkler SR, Penney DW, Schuler JJ, McClelland TJ, Brace LD. Aspirin response and failure in cerebral infarction. Stroke 1993;24:345–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helgason CM, Bolin KM, Hoff JA, Winkler SR, Mangat A, Tortorice KL, Brace LD. Development of aspirin resistance in persons with previous ischemic stroke. Stroke 1994;25:2331–2336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamorro A, Escolar G, Revilla M, Obach V, Vila N, Reverter JC, Ordinas A. Ex vivo response to aspirin differs in stroke patients with single or recurrent events: A pilot study. J Neurol Sci 1999;171:110–114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sztriha LK, Sas K, Seres E, Boda K, Lenti L, Csifcsak G, Kovacs N, Vecsei L. Optical platelet aggregometry does not appear useful as a means of assessing the risk of recurrent vascular events in aspirin-treated patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2008;117:250–254
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gengo FM, Rainka M, Robson M, Gengo MF, Forrest A, Hourihane M, Bates V. Prevalence of platelet nonresponsiveness to aspirin in patients treated for secondary stroke prophylaxis and in patients with recurrent ischemic events. J Clin Pharmacol 2008;48:335–343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong J, Cheng-Ching E, Hussain MS, Katzan I, Gupta R. Predictors of biochemical aspirin and clopidogrel resistance in patients with ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2011;20:227–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwammenthal Y, Tsabari R, Shenkman B, Schwartz R, Matetzky S, Lubetsky A, Orion D, Israeli-Korn S, Chapman J, Savion N, et al. Aspirin responsiveness in acute brain ischaemia: Association with stroke severity and clinical outcome. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008;25:355–361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meves SH, Overbeck U, Endres HG, Krogias C, Neubauer H. Dose-dependent effect of early antiplatelet therapy in acute ischaemic stroke. Thromb Haemost 2012;107:69–79
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meves SH, Hummel T, Endres HG, Maybock N, Kaiser AF, Schroder KD, Rudiger K, Overbeck U, Mumme A, Mugge A, et al. Effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy in atherosclerotic disease: Comparing the ASA low-response prevalence in CVD, CAD and PAD. J Thromb Thromb 2014;37:190–201
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Depta JP, Fowler J, Novak E, Katzan I, Bakdash S, Kottke-Marchant K, Bhatt DL. Clinical outcomes using a platelet function-guided approach for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2012;43:2376–2381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuoka T, Furuya D, Takeda H, Dembo T, Nagoya H, Kato Y, Deguchi I, Maruyama H, Horiuchi Y, Tanahashi N. Evaluation of clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke patients. Intern Med 2011;50:31–35
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lago A, Parkhutik V, Tembl JI, Valles J, Santos MT, Moscardo A. Assessment of platelet function in acute ischemic stroke patients previously treated with aspirin. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014;23:2794–2799
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yi X, Zhou Q, Lin J, Chi L. Aspirin resistance in Chinese stroke patients increased the rate of recurrent stroke and other vascular events. Int J Stroke 2013;8:535–539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kundu SK, Heilmann EJ, Sio R, Garcia C, Davidson RM, Ostgaard RA. Description of an in vitro platelet function analyzer – PFA-100. Semin Thromb Hemost 1995;21:106–112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mammen EF, Alshameeri RS, Comp PC. Preliminary data from a field trial of the PFA-100 system. Semin Thromb Hemost 1995;21:113–121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mammen EF, Comp PC, Gosselin R, Greenberg C, Hoots WK, Kessler CM, Larkin EC, Liles D, Nugent DJ. PFA-100 system: A new method for assessment of platelet dysfunction. Semin Thromb Hemost 1998;24:195–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison P, Segal H, Blasbery K, Furtado C, Silver L, Rothwell PM. Screening for aspirin responsiveness after transient ischemic attack and stroke: Comparison of 2 point-of-care platelet function tests with optical aggregometry. Stroke 2005;36:1001–1005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards A, Jakubowski JA, Rechner AR, Sugidachi A, Harrison P. Evaluation of the INNOVANCE PFA P2Y test cartridge: Sensitivity to P2Y blockade and influence of anticoagulant. Platelets 2012;23:106–115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsantes A, Ikonomidis I, Papadakis I, Kottaridi C, Tsante A, Kalamara E, Kardoulaki A, Kopterides P, Kapsimali V, Karakitsos P, et al. Evaluation of the role of the new INNOVANCE PFA P2Y test cartridge in detection of clopidogrel resistance. Platelets 2012;23:481–489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberts MJ, Bergman DL, Molner E, Jovanovic BD, Ushiwata I, Teruya J. Antiplatelet effect of aspirin in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 2004;35:175–178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe DJ, Harrison P, Machin SJ, Watt H, Brown MM. Measurement of the antiplatelet effects of aspirin in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 2004;35:e146–e147 (author reply e146–e147)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison P, Segal H, Silver L, Syed A, Cuthbertson FC, Rothwell PM. Lack of reproducibility of assessment of aspirin responsiveness by optical aggregometry and two platelet function tests. Platelets 2008;19:119–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundmann K, Jaschonek K, Kleine B, Dichgans J, Topka H. Aspirin non-responder status in patients with recurrent cerebral ischemic attacks. J Neurol 2003;250:63–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godeneche G, Sorel N, Ragot S, Chomel JC, Neau JP, Macchi L. Stroke and aspirin non-responder patients: Relation with hypertension and platelet response to adenosine diphosphate. Platelets 2009;20:471–477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe DJ, Harrison P, Mackie IJ, Sidhu PS, Lawrie AS, Purdy G, Machin SJ, Brown MM. Assessment of the antiplatelet effects of low to medium dose aspirin in the early and late phases after ischaemic stroke and TIA. Platelets 2005;16:269–280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boncoraglio GB, Bodini A, Brambilla C, Corsini E, Carriero MR, Parati EA. Aspirin resistance determined with PFA-100 does not predict new thrombotic events in patients with stable ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2009;111:270–273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Lewinski F, Riggert J, Paulus W. Towards a rationale of platelet aggregation monitoring in stroke prophylaxis? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2009;18:111–115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai PT, Chen SY, Lee YS, Ho YP, Chiang YY, Hsu HY. Relationship between acute stroke outcome, aspirin resistance, and humoral factors. J Chin Med Assoc 2012;75:513–518
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heilmann EJ, Kundu SK, Sio R, Garcia C, Gomez R, Christie DJ. Comparison of four commercial citrate blood collection systems for platelet function analysis by the PFA-100 system. Thromb Res 1997;87:159–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heptinstall S, Fox S, Crawford J, Hawkins M. Inhibition of platelet aggregation in whole blood by dipyridamole and aspirin. Thromb Res 1986;42:215–223
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Serebruany VL, Malinin AI, Oshrine BR, Sane DC, Takserman A, Atar D, Hennekens CH. Lack of uniform platelet activation in patients after ischemic stroke and choice of antiplatelet therapy. Thromb Res 2004;113:197–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett D, Yan B, Macgregor L, Eccleston D, Davis SM. A pilot study of resistance to aspirin in stroke patients. J Clin Neurosci 2008;15:1204–1209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seok JI, Joo IS, Yoon JH, Choi YJ, Lee PH, Huh K, Bang OY. Can aspirin resistance be clinically predicted in stroke patients? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2008;110:110–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozben S, Ozben B, Tanrikulu AM, Ozer F, Ozben T. Aspirin resistance in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol 2011;258:1979–1986
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agayeva N, Gungor L, Topcuoglu MA, Arsava EM. Pathophysiologic, rather than laboratory-defined resistance drives aspirin failure in ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015;24:745–750
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maruyama H, Takeda H, Dembo T, Nagoya H, Kato Y, Fukuoka T, Deguchi I, Horiuchi Y, Tanahashi N. Clopidogrel resistance and the effect of combination cilostazol in patients with ischemic stroke or carotid artery stenting using the VerifyNow P2Y12 Assay. Intern Med 2011;50:695–698
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dharmasaroja PA, Sae-Lim S. Comparison of aspirin response measured by urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 and VerifyNow aspirin assay in patients with ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014;23:953–957
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sternberg Z, Ching M, Sawyer RN, Chichelli T, Li F, Janicke D, Radovic V, Mehta B, Farooq O, Munschauer FE. Clopidogrel responsiveness in stroke patients on a chronic aspirin regimen. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2013;22:725–732
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jover E, Rodriguez JM, Bernal A, Arroyo AB, Iniesta JA, Guiu IS, Martinez C, Vicente V, Lozano ML, Rivera J. High on-treatment platelet reactivity in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease: Assessment of prevalence and stability over time using four platelet function tests. Blood Coagul Fibrinol 2014;25:604–611
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mueller T, Dieplinger B, Poelz W, Calatzis A, Haltmayer M. Utility of whole blood impedance aggregometry for the assessment of clopidogrel action using the novel Multiplate analyzer – Comparison with two flow cytometric methods. Thromb Res 2007;121:249–258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Pape KW, Dzijan-Horn M, Bohner J, Spannagl M, Weisser H, Calatzis A. Control of aspirin effect in chronic cardiovascular patients using two whole blood platelet function assays. PFA-100 and Multiplate. Hamostaseologie 2007;27:155–160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Łabuz-Roszak B, Pierzchała K, Niewiadomska E, Skrzypek M, Machowska-Majchrzak A. Searching for factors associated with resistance to acetylsalicylic acid used for secondary prevention of stroke. Arch Med Sci 2015;11:106–114
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoo NT, Bae HJ, Kim JE, Goh RY, Han JY, Kim MH, Cha JK. Aspirin resistance may not be associated with clinical outcome after acute ischemic stroke: Comparison with three different platelet function assays. Korean J Stroke 2012;14:35–42
   Google Scholar
• Azmin S, Sahathevan R, Rabani R, Nafisah WY, Tan HJ, Raymond AA, Hamidon BB, Shamsul AS, Norlinah MI. Biochemical aspirin resistance in stroke patients – A cross-sectional single centre study. EXCLI J 2013;12:907–915
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mannu GS, Macartney A, Lambert JR, Bettencourt-Silva JH, Lawn M, Lyall H, Metcalf AK, Potter JF, Wood J, Clark A, et al. The clinical utility of Multiplate analyser measurement in platelet function testing following stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Eur J Haematol 2015;94:138–144
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jastrzebska M, Chelstowski K, Wodecka A, Siennicka A, Clark J, Nowacki P. Factors influencing multiplate whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry measurements, during aspirin treatment in acute ischemic stroke: A pilot study. Blood Coagul Fibrinol 2013;24:830–838
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson AD, Yanek LR, Chen MH, Faraday N, Larson MG, Tofler G, Lin SJ, Kraja AT, Province MA, Yang Q, et al. Genome-wide meta-analyses identifies seven loci associated with platelet aggregation in response to agonists. Nat Genet 2010;42:608–613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim Y, Suktitipat B, Yanek LR, Faraday N, Wilson AF, Becker DM, Becker LC, Mathias RA. Targeted deep resequencing identifies coding variants in the PEAR1 gene that play a role in platelet aggregation. PLoS One 2013;8:e64179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis JP, Ryan K, O'Connell JR, Horenstein RB, Damcott CM, Gibson Q, Pollin TI, Mitchell BD, Beitelshees AL, Pakzy R, et al. Genetic variation in PEAR1 is associated with platelet aggregation and cardiovascular outcomes. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2013;6:184–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao L, Zhang Z, Sun W, Bai W, Sun W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Cai B, Xie X, Duan Z, et al. Impacts of COX-1 gene polymorphisms on vascular outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke and treated with aspirin. Gene 2014;546:172–176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuldiner AR, O'Connell JR, Bliden KP, Gandhi A, Ryan K, Horenstein RB, Damcott CM, Pakyz R, Tantry US, Gibson Q, et al. Association of cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype with the antiplatelet effect and clinical efficacy of clopidogrel therapy. JAMA 2009;302:849–857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes MV, Perel P, Shah T, Hingorani AD, aCasas JP. CYP2C19 genotype, clopidogrel metabolism, platelet function, and cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2011;306:2704–2714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun W, Li Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Liu W, Cai Q, Wang X, Cao L, Bai W, et al. Variant recurrent risk among stroke patients with different CYP2C19 phenotypes and treated with clopidogrel. Platelets 2014:1–5 [early online]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia DM, Chen ZB, Zhang MJ, Yang WJ, Jin JL, Xia YQ, Zhang CL, Shao Y, Chen C, Xu Y. CYP2C19 polymorphisms and antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel in acute ischemic stroke in China. Stroke 2013;44:1717–1719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu LN, Sun Y, Wang L, Han RF, Xia XS, Liu J, Li X. Influence of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients treated with clopidogrel. Eur J Pharmacol 2015;747:29–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox SC, May JA, Shah A, Neubert U, Heptinstall S. Measurement of platelet P-selectin for remote testing of platelet function during treatment with clopidogrel and/or aspirin. Platelets 2009;20:250–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• http://www.plateletsolutions.co.uk
   Google Scholar
• Chan MV, Armstrong PC, Papalia F, Kirkby NS, Warner TD. Optical multichannel (optimul) platelet aggregometry in 96-well plates as an additional method of platelet reactivity testing. Platelets 2011;22:485–494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dovlatova N, May JM, Fox SC, Remote platelet function testing – A significant progress towards widespread testing in clinical practice. Platelets 2015; this issue
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Michelson AD. Methods for the measurement of platelet function. Am J Cardiol 2009;103:20A–26A
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers RP, Levin J. Bleeding time: A guide to its diagnostic and clinical utility. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1990;114:1187–1188
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cattaneo M, Hayward CP, Moffat KA, Pugliano MT, Liu Y, Michelson AD. Results of a worldwide survey on the assessment of platelet function by light transmission aggregometry: A report from the platelet physiology subcommittee of the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2009;7:1029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattaneo M. Light transmission aggregometry and ATP release for the diagnostic assessment of platelet function. Semin Thromb Hemost 2009;35:158–167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozaki Y, Satoh K, Yatomi Y, Yamamoto T, Shirasawa Y, Kume S. Detection of platelet aggregates with a particle counting method using light scattering. Anal Biochem 1994;218:284–294
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamamoto J, Ishii I, Chikamori A, Sasaki Y, Nagamatsu Y, Morita S, Tsukahara M. Effect of long-term aerobic exercise on helium-neon-laser-induced thrombogenesis in rat mesenteric arterioles and platelet aggregation. Haemostasis 1993;23:129–134
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trentalange MJ, Walts LF. A comparison of thromboelastogram and template bleeding time in the evaluation of platelet function after aspirin ingestion. J Clin Anesth 1991;3:377–381
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Brien JR, Salmon GP. Shear stress activation of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa plus von Willebrand factor causes aggregation: Filter blockage and the long bleeding time in von Willebrand's disease. Blood 1987;70:1354–1361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorog P, Ahmed A. Haemostatometer: A new in vitro technique for assessing haemostatic activity of blood. Thromb Res 1984;34:341–357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr ME, Martin EJ, Kuhn JG, Spiess BD. Onset of force development as a marker of thrombin generation in whole blood: The thrombin generation time (TGT). J Thromb Haemost 2003;1:1977–1983
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coiffic A, Cazes E, Janvier G, Forestier F, Lanza F, Nurden A, Nurden P. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by abciximab but not by aspirin can be detected by a new point-of-care test, the hemostatus. Thromb Res 1999;95:83–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gorog DA, Kovacs IB. Thrombotic status analyser. Measurement of platelet-rich thrombus formation and lysis in native blood. Thromb Haemost 1995;73:514–520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varon D, Lashevski I, Brenner B, Beyar R, Lanir N, Tamarin I, Savion N. Cone and plate(let) analyzer: Monitoring glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists and von Willebrand disease replacement therapy by testing platelet deposition under flow conditions. Am Heart J 1998;135:S187–S193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy-Shraga Y, Maayan-Metzger A, Lubetsky A, Shenkman B, Kuint J, Martinowitz U, Kenet G. Platelet function of newborns as tested by cone and plate(let) analyzer correlates with gestational Age. Acta Haematol 2006;115:152–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carville DG, Schleckser PA, Guyer KE, Corsello M, Walsh MM. Whole blood platelet function assay on the ICHOR point-of-care hematology analyzer. J Extra Corpor Technol 1998;30:171–177
   PubMedGoogle Scholar