Platelets in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancy

References

• Howie P W. Blood Clotting and fibrinolysis in pregnancy. Postgrad Med J 1979; 55: 362–366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner C P. Clotting alterations associated with the preeclampsia —eclampsia syndrome. Hypertension in Pregnancy (Handbook of Hypertension Volume 10), P C Rubin. Elsevier, New York 1988; 241–257
   Google Scholar
• McKay D G. Chronic intravascular Coagulation in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Contr Nephrol 1983; 25: 108–119
   Google Scholar
• Bonnar J. Hemostatic function and coagulopathy during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Annu 1978; 7: 195–217
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fay R A, Hughes A O, Hughes O, Farron N T. Platelets in pregnancy: Hyperdestruction in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 61(2)238–240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien J R. Platelet counts in normal pregnancy. J Clin Path 1976; 29: 174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitkin R M, Witte D L. Platelet and leukocyte counts in pregnancy. JAMA 1979; 242: 24
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles C. The platelet count and mean platelet volume. Br J Haematol 1981; 48: 31–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison K L, Bramich L. Collins Platelet count during normal pregnancy. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 1982; 22: 74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer C R J, Walker J J, Cameron A, Fraser C. Platelet studies in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Clin Lab Haemat 1986; 8: 27–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tygart S G, McRoyan D K, Spinnato J A, McRoyan C J, Kitay D Z. Longitudinal study of platelet indices during normal pregnancy. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1986; 154: 883–887
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sill P R, Lind T, Walker W. Platelet values during normal pregnancy. Br J Obstet & Gynaecol 1985; 92: 480–483
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paulus J-M. Platelet size in man. Blood 1975; 46: 3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karpatkin S, Charmatz A. Heterogeneity of Human Platelets. J Clin Invest 1969; 48: 1073–1081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakoczi I, Tallian F, Bagdany S, Gati I. Platelet life-span in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia as determined by a non-radioisotope technique. Thrombosis Research 1979; 15: 553–556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pekonen F, Rasi V, Ammala M, Viinikka L, Ylikorkala O. Platelet function and coagulation in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. Thrombosis Research 1986; 43: 553–560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas J T, Shah M, Lowe G D O, Belch J J F, Forbes C D, Prentice C R M. Plasma fibrinopeptide A and Beta-thromboglobulin in pre-eclampsia and pregnancy hypertension. Thrombo Haemostas 1982; 47(1)54–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arocha-Pinango C L, Lopez A O G, Garcia L, Linares J. Beta-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) in obstetrical cases. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1985; 64: 115–120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglis I C M, Stuart George A J, Davies A J. Haemostatic and rheological changes in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Br J Haematol 1982; 50: 461–465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawes J, Smith R C, Pepper D S. The release distribution and clearance of human β-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4. Thrombosis Research 1978; 12(5)851–861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison J M, Hytten F E. Glomerular filtration during and after pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1974; 81: 588
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fitzgerald D J, Mayo G, Catella F, Entman S S, Fitzgerald G A. Increased thromboxane biosynthesis in normal pregnancy is mainly derived from platelets. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157(2)325–330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whigham K A E, Howie P W, Drummond A H, Prentice C R M. Abnormal platelet function in pre-eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1978; 85: 28–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gader A M A, Bahakim H, Jabbar F A, Lambourne A L, Gaafar T H, Edrees Y B. Dose-response aggregometry in maternal/neonatal platelets. Thrombosis. Haemostasis 1988; 60(2)314–318
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien W F, Saba H I, Knuppel R A, Scerbo J C, Cohen G R. Alterations in platelet concentration and aggregation in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 1986; 155(3)486–490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamazaki H, Motomiya T, Kikutani N, Sakakibara C, Watanabe S, Numata M, Noguchi K. Platelet aggregation during menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Thrombosis Research 1979; 14(2)333–340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis P J, Boylan P, Friedman L A, Hensby C N. Downing I Prostacyclin in Pregnancy. Br Med J 1980; 280: 1581–1582
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews N P, Broughton Pipkin F, Heptinstall S. Blood platelet behaviour in mothers and neonates. Thrombosis. Haemostasis 1985; 53(3)428–432
   Google Scholar
• Morrison R, Crawford J, Macpherson M, Heptinstall S. Platelet behaviour in normal pregnancy, pregnancy complicated by essential hypertension and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Thrombosis. Haemostasis 1985; 54(3)607–611
   Google Scholar
• Roberts J M, Lewis V, Mize N, Tsuchiya A, Starr J. Human platelet α-adrenergic receptors and responses during pregnancy: No change except that with differing hematocrit. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1986; 154: 206–210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagan E A, Chadwick V S. Medical Disorders in Obstetric Practice, M. de Swiet eds. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1984
   Google Scholar
• Burgess-Wilson M E, Morrison R, Heptinstall S. Sponteneous platelet aggregation in heparinised blood during pregnancy. Thrombosis Research 1986; 37: 385–393
   Google Scholar
• Leuschen P M, Davis R B, Boyd D, Goodlin R C. Comparative evaluation of antepartum and postpartum platelet function in smokers and nonsmokers. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155(6)1276–1280
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louden K A, Broughton Pipkin F, Heptinstall S, Fox S C, Mitchell J R A, Symonds E M A. Longitudinal study of platelet behaviour and thromboxane production in whole blood in normal pregnancy and the puerperium, Submitted for publication
   Google Scholar
• Horn E H, Cooper J, Hardy E, Heptinstall S, Rubin P C A. cross-sectional study of platelet cyclic AMP in healthy and hypertensive human pregnancy. Clin Sci 1991, in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louden K A. Studies of platelet reactivity and thromboxane production in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. The effect of low dose aspirin. D.M. Thesis, University of Nottingham. 1988
   Google Scholar
• Ylikorkala O, Viinikka L. Thromboxane A2 in pregnancy and pucrperium. Br Med J 1980; 281: 1601–1602
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoche C, Kefalides A, Dadak C, Sinszinger H. Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin and prostaglandin in pregnancy and puerperium. Prostaglandins in Pregnancy 1983; 8: 189–93
   Google Scholar
• Briel R C, Kieback D G, Lippert T H. Platelet sensitivity to a prostacyclin analogue in normal and pathological pregnancy. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Medicine 1984; 13: 335–340
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dadak C H, Kefalides A, Sinzinger H. Prostacyclin-synthesis stimulating plasma factor and platelet sensitivity in preeclampsia. Biol Res Pregnancy Perinatol 1985; 6(2)65–69
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horn E H, Heptinstall S, Rubin P C. Preliminary studies on the effects of cyclic AMP manipulators in vitro in pregnancy. Platelets 1990; 1: 51
   Google Scholar
• Horn E H, Cooper J, Hardy E, Heptinstall S, Rubin P C. Platelet adenylate cyclase activity in normal and hypertensive pregnancy. Br J Haematol 1990; 76: 32, Suppl. 1
   Google Scholar
• Heptinstall S, Bevan J, Cockbill S R, Hanley S P, Parry M J. Effects of a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase on human blood platelet behaviour. Thrombosis Research 1980; 20: 219–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills D C B. The role of cyclic nucleotides in platelets. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, J W Kebabian, J A Nathenson. Springer-Verlag, Berlin + New York 1982; 58: 2, 723–761
   Google Scholar
• Huang E M, Detwiler J C. Stimulus response coupling mechanisms. Biochemistry of Platelets, D R. Phillips, M A. Shuman. Academic Press Inc, London 1986; 39–42
   Google Scholar
• Blockmans D, Gresele P, Deckmyn H, Vermylen J. Responder-nonresponder behaviour of human platelets towards thromboxane synthase inhibitors (TSI) is due to differences in adenylate cyclase sensitivity. Thrombosis. Haemostasis 1985; 54: 114
   Google Scholar
• Gray S J. Studies on cyclic AMP in relation to human blood platelet behaviour. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nottingham. 1988
   Google Scholar
• Sills T, Heptinstall S. Effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor and a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, singly and in combination, on platelet behaviour. Thrombosis & Haemostasis 1986; 55(3)305–308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr S M, Lees K R, Butters L, O'Donnell A, Rubin P C. Platelet intracellular free calcium concentration in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies in the human. Clinical Science 1989; 76: 67–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller H, Oeney T, Hauck U, Distler A, Philipp T. Increased intracellular free calcium and sensitivity to angiotensin II in platelets of preeclamptic women. Am J Hypertension 1989; 2(4)238–243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao G H R, Peller J D, White J G. Measurements of ionized calcium in blood platelets with a new generation calcium indicator. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1985; 132(2)652–657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilby M D, Broughton Pipkin F, Cockbill S, Heptinstall S, Symonds E M A. cross-sectional study of basal platelet intracellular free calcium concentration in normotensive and hypertensive primigravid pregnancies. Clinical Science 1990; 78: 75–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilby M D. Platelet intracellular free calcium concentrations in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy. D.M. Thesis, University of Nottingham. 1990
   Google Scholar
• Ardlie N G. Calcium ions, drug action and platelet function. Pharmac Ther 1982; 18: 249–270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson K, Baig M W, Lees A D, et al. Increased platelet aggregation in hypertension — relationship to intraplatelet calcium. Clinical Science 1989; 76: 17, suppl 20
   Google Scholar
• Goser R, Briel R C, Breisch G, Jaschonek K, Schindler A E. Blood platelet cyclic AMP during long-term treatment of premature labor. Arch Gynecol 1980; 230: 89–94
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Howie P W. The haemostatic mechanisms in pre-eclampsia. Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 4(3)595–611
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Redman W G, Bonnar J, Beilin L. Early platelet consumption in pre-eclampsia. Br Med J 1978; 1: 467–469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaufils M, Uzan S, Donsimoni R, Colau J C. Prevention of pre-eclampsia by early antiplatelet therapy. Lancet 1985; i: 840–842
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallenburg H C S, Dekker G A, Makovitz J W, Rotmans P. Low-dose aspirin prevents pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia in angiotensin-sensitive primigravidae. Lancet 1986; i: 1–3
   Google Scholar
• Schiff E, Peleg E, Goldenberg M, et al. The use of Aspirin to prevent pregnancy-induced hypertension and lower the ratio of thromboxane A2 to prostacyclin in relatively high risk pregnancies. N Engl J Med, 321(6)351–356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benigni A, Gregorini G, Frusca T, et al. Effect of low-dose aspirin on fetal and maternal generation of thromboxane by platelets in women at risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension. N Engl J Med 1989; 321(6)357–362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davey, McGillivray. The classification of hypertensive disease in pregnancy. Clin Exp Hypertens Hypertens Preg 1986; B5(1)97–133
   Google Scholar
• Hughes E C. Obstetric Terminology. Davies Publishing, PhiladelphiaUSA 1972; 422–423
   Google Scholar
• Taylor D J. Epidemiology of hypertension during pregnancy. Handbook of Hypertension, P C Rubin. Elsevier Science Publications. 1988; vol 10
   Google Scholar
• Giles C. Intravascular coagulation in gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: the value of haematological screening tests. Clin Lab Haemat 1982; 4: 351–358
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giles C. Thrombocytopenia and macrothrombocytosis in gestational hypertension. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1981; 88: 1115–1119
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fay R A, Bromham D R, Brooks J A, Gebski V J. Platelets and uric acid in the prediction of preeclampsia. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 1038–1039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stubbs T M, Lazarchick J, Van Dorsten P, Cox J, Boyd Loadholt C. Evidence of accelerated platelet production and consumption in nonthrombocytopenic preeclampsia. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155(2)263–265
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howie P W, Prentice C R M, McNicol G P. Coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet function in pre-eclampsia, essential hypertension and placental insufficiency. J Obstet & Gynaecol Brit Comm 1971; 78: 992–1003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Redman C W G, Beilin L J, Bonnar J, Wilkinson R H. Plasma-ruate measurements in predicting fetal death in hypertensive pregnancy. Lancet 1976; ii: 1370–1373
   Google Scholar
• Wallenburg H C S, Rotmans N. Enhanced reactivity of the platelet thromboxane pathway in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies with insufficient fetal growth. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1982; 144(5)523–528
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redman C W G, Allington M J, Bolton F G, Stirrat G M. Plasma β-Thromboglobulin in pre-eclampsia. Lancet 1977; ii: 248
   Google Scholar
• Oian P, Lande K, Kjeldsen S E, et al. Enhanced platelet release reaction related to arterial plasma adrenaline and blood pressure in pre-eclampsia. Br J. Obstet Gynecol 1986; 93: 548–553
   Google Scholar
• Socol M L, Weiner C P, Louis G, Rhenberg K, Rossi E C. Platelet activation in preeclampsia. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151(4)494–497
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald D J, Rocki W, Murray R, Mayo G, Fitzgerald G A. Thromboxane A2 synthesis in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Lancet 1990; 335(i)751–754
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Geet C, Spitz B, Vermylen J, Van Assche F A. Urinary thromboxane metabolites in pre-eclampsia. Lancet 1990; 335(i)1168–1169
   Google Scholar
• Brash A R, Goodman R P, Fitzgerald G A. Endogenous prostaglandin production in human pregnancy. Prostacyclin in Pregnancy, P J Lewis, et al. Raven Press, New York 1983
   Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald D J, Entman S S, Mulloy K, Fitzgerald G A. Decreased prostacyclin biosynthesis preceding the clinical manifestation of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Circulation 1987; 75(5)956–963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki M. Coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelet and kinin-forming systems during toxemia of pregnancy. Biological Research in Pregnancy 1983; 4(4)152–154
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Splawinska B, Skret A, Palczak R, Janeczko J, Furmaga W, Splawinski J. Whole blood platelet aggregation in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Clin and Exper Hyper Hyper in Pregnancy 1987; B6(2)311–319
   Google Scholar
• Louden K A, Broughton Pipkin F, Heptinstall S, Fox S C, Mitchell J R A, Symonds E M. Platelet reactivity and serum thromboxane B2 production in whole blood in gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, Submitted for publication
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien J R. “Exhausted” platelets continue to circulate. Lancet 1978; ii: 1316–1317
   Google Scholar
• Erne P, Mittelholzer E, Burgisser E, Fluckiger R, Buhler F R. Measurement of receptor induced changes in intracellular free calcium in human platelets. J Receptor Research 1984; 4(6)605–629
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zemel M B, Zemel P C, Berry S, et al. Altered platelet calcium metabolism as an early predictor of increased peripheral vascular resistance and preeclampsia in urban black women. New Engl J Med 1990; 323(7)434–439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker P N, Broughton Pipkin F, Symonds E M. Platelet angiotensin II binding and plasma renin concentration, plasma renin substrate and plasma renin concentration, plasma renin substrate and plasma angiotensin II in human pregnancy. Clinical Science 1990; 79: 403–408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker P N, Broughton Pipkin F, Symonds E M. Platelet angiotensin II binding sites in hypertension in pregnancy. Lancet 1989; ii: 1151
   Google Scholar
• Gant N F, Daley G L, Chand S, Whalley P J, MacDonald P C. A study of angiotensin II pressor response throughout primigravid pregnancy. J Clin Invest 1973; 52: 2682–2689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oney T, Kaulhausen H. The value of the angiotensin sensitivity test in the early diagnosis of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1982; 142(1)17–20
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding Yu-An, MacIntyre E, Kenyon C J, Semple P F. Angiotensin II Effects on platelet function. J Hypertension 1985; 3(3)S251–S253
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poplawski A. The effect of angiotensin II on the platelet aggregation induced by adenosine-diphosphate epinephrine and thrombin. Experientia 1970; 26: 86–89
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ritter J M, Farquhar C, Rodin A, Thorn M H. Low dose aspirin treatment in late pregnancy differentially inhibits cyclo-oxygenase in maternal platelets. Prostaglandins, 34(5)717–721
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greer I A, Walker J J, Forbes C D, Calder A A. Platelet function in pregnancy induced hypertension following treatment with labetalol and low dose aspirin. Thrombosis Research 1987; 46: 607–612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Assche F A, Vermylen B S J, Deckmijn H. Preliminary observations on treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension with a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. Am J. Obstet Gynecol 1984; 148(2)216–219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belch J J F, Thorburn J, Greer I A, Sarto S, Prentice C R M. Intravenous prostacyclin in the management of pregnancies complicated by severe hypertension. Clin & Exper Hyper Hyper in Pregnancy 1985; B4(1)75–86
   Google Scholar
• Lewis P J, Shepherd G L, Ritter J, et al. Prostacyclin and preeclampsia. Lancet 1981; i: 159
   Google Scholar
• Fidler J, Bennett M J, De Swiet M, Ellis C, Lewis P J. Treatment of pregnancy hypertension with prostacyclin. Lancet 1980; ii: 31–32
   Google Scholar
• Sinzinger H, Silberbauer Horsch A K, Gall A. Decreased sensitivity of human platelets to PGI2 during long-term intraarterial prostacyclin infusion in patients with peripheral vascular disease — a rebound phenomenon?. Prostaglandins 1981; 21(1)49–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reele S B, Miller O V, Spillers C, Gorman R R. The effects of continuous infusions of prostacyclin-Na (epoprostenol-sodium) on platelet counts, ADP-induced aggregation, and cyclic AMP levels in normal volunteers. Prostaglandins 1983; 26(2)287–303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar