896
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Gender disadvantage and common mental disorders in women

, MD, FRCPsych &
Pages 513-524 | Received 02 Jun 2010, Accepted 15 Aug 2010, Published online: 03 Nov 2010

References

  • Abu-Habib L. The use and abuse of female domestic workers from Sri Lanka in Lebanon. Gender & Development 1998; 6: 52–56
  • Afifi M. Gender differences in mental health. Singapore Medical Journal 2007; 48: 385–391
  • Albrecht J, Bjorklund A. Is there a glass ceiling in Sweden?. Journal of Labor Economics 2003; 21(1)243–258
  • Ali A, Hawkins RL, Chambers DA. Recovery from depression among clients transitioning out of poverty. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 2010; 80: 26–33
  • Ali FA, Israr SM, Ali BS, Janjua NZ. Association of various reproductive rights, domestic violence and marital rape with depression among Pakistani women. BMC Psychiatry 2009; 9: 77
  • Al‐Krenawi A, Graham JR, Kandah J. Gendered utilization differences of mental health services in Jordan. Community Mental Health Journal 2000; 36: 501–511
  • Anbesse B, Hanlon C, Alem A, Packer S, Whitley R. Migration and mental health: A study of low-income Ethiopian women working in Middle Eastern countries. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2009; 55: 557–563
  • Anderson AS. Nutrition interventions in women in low-income groups in the UK. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2007; 66(1)25–32
  • Arulampalam W, Booth AL, Bryan ML. Is there a glass ceiling over Europe? Exploring the gender pay gap across the wage distribution. Industrial & Labor Relations Review 2007; 60: 163–186
  • Barnet-Verzat C, Wolff F. Gender wage gap and the glass ceiling effect: A firm-level investigation. International Journal of Manpower 2008; 29: 486–502
  • Belle D. Poverty and women's mental health. American Psychologist 1990; 45: 385–389
  • Belle D, Doucet J. Poverty, inequality, and discrimination as sources of depression among U.S. women. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2003; 27: 101–113
  • Berdahl JL. The sexual harassment of uppity women. Journal of Applied Psychology 2007; 92: 425–437
  • Berdahl JL, Moore C. Workplace harassment: Double jeopardy for minority women. Journal of Applied Psychology 2006; 91: 426–436
  • Bhugra D, (2004a). Migration and mental health. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(4), 243–258
  • Bhugra D. Migration, distress and cultural identity. British Medical Bulletin 2004b; 69: 129–141
  • Blumberg, R.L. (Ed.), (1991). The triple overlap of gender stratification, economy, and the family. In Introduction to Gender, Family, and Economy: The triple overlap. Newbury Park, California: Sage.
  • Bodnar LM, Wisner KL. Nutrition and depression: Implications for improving mental health among childbearing-aged women. Biological Psychiatry 2005; 58: 679–685
  • Bojorquez-Chapela I, Villalobos-Daniel VE, Manrique-Espinoza BS, Tellez-Rojo MM, Salinas-Rodríguez A. Depressive symptoms among poor older adults in Mexico: Prevalence and associated factors. Pan American Journal of Public Health 2009; 26: 70–77
  • Brown GW, Harris T. Social origins of depression: A study of psychiatric disorder in women. Free Press, New York 1978
  • Bryant-Davis T, Ullman SE, Tsong Y, Tillman S, Smith K. Struggling to survive: Sexual assault, poverty, and mental health outcomes of African American women. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 2010; 80: 61–70
  • Buchanan NT, Fitzgerald LF. Effects of racial and sexual harassment on work and the psychological well-being of African American women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2008; 13: 137–151
  • Busch A, Holst E, (2009). Glass ceiling effect and earnings: The gender pay gap in managerial positions in Germany. Available at http://www.diw.de/english/products/publications/discussion_papers/27539.html (accessed 20 May 2010)
  • Campbell J. Health consequences of intimate partner violence. Lancet 2002; 359: 1331–1336
  • Carmen E, Russo NF, Miller JB. Inequality and women's mental health: An overview. American Journal of Psychiatry 1981; 138: 1319–1330
  • Chandra PS. The interface between reproductive health and psychiatry. Contemporary topics in women's mental health, PS Chandra, H Hermann, J Fisher, M Kastrup, U Niaz, MB Rondon, A Okasha. Wiley, Chichester, West SussexUK 2009
  • Chandra PS. Mental health issues related to migration in women. Migration and mental health, D Bhugra, S Gupta. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2011; 211–221
  • Chilton M, Booth S. Hunger of the body and hunger of the mind: African American women's perceptions of food insecurity, health and violence. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior 2007; 39: 116–125
  • Cogin JA, Fish A. An empirical investigation of sexual harassment and work engagement: Surprising differences between men and women. Journal of Management & Organization 2009; 15: 47–61
  • Cox D. The vulnerability of Asian women migrant workers to a lack of protection and to violence. Asian & Pacific Migration Journal 1997; 6: 59–75
  • CSDH. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. World Health Organization, Geneva 2008
  • Danielsson U, Bengs C, Lehti A, Hammarström A, Johansson EE. Struck by lightning or slowly suffocating – Gendered trajectories into depression. BMC Family Practice 2009; 10: 56
  • De Jong K, Kam S, Ford N, Lokuge K, Fromm S, van Galen R, , Kleber R, et al. ‘Conflict in the Indian Kashmir valley II: Psychosocial impact. Conflict & Health 2008; 2: 11
  • Dhillon N, Macarthur C. Antenatal depression and male gender preference in Asian women in the UK. Midwifery 2010; Jun 26(3)286–293
  • Douki S, Zineb SB, Nacef F, Halbreich U. Women's mental health in the Muslim world: Cultural, religious, and social issues. Journal of Affective Disorders 2007; 102: 177–189
  • Douki S. Work and women's mental health. Contemporary Topics in Women's Mental Health, PS Chandra, H Hermann, J Fisher, M Kastrup, U Niaz, MB Rondon, A Okasha. Wiley, Chichester, West SussexUK 2009
  • Doyal L. Gender equity in health: Debates and dilemmas. Social Science & Medicine 2000; 51: 931–939
  • Ekblad S. Migration and mental health in women: Mental health action plan as a tool to increase communication between clinicians and policy makers. Contemporary topics in women's mental health, PS Chandra, H Hermann, J Fisher, M Kastrup, U Niaz, MB Rondon, A Okasha. Wiley, Chichester, West SussexUK 2009
  • Ekluku G, Tokuc B, Eskiocak M, Berberoglu U, Saltik A. Prevalence of postpartum depression in Edirne, Turkey, and related factors. Journal of Reproductive Medicine November, 2004; 49(11)908–914
  • El-Hilu SM, Mousa R, Abdulmalek H, Kamel N, Zohdi M, al-Aamriti M. Psychiatric morbidity among foreign housemaids in Kuwait. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 1990; 36: 291–299
  • Fawole OI. Economic violence to women and girls, is it receiving the necessary attention?. Trauma, Violence & Abuse 2008; 9: 167–177
  • Fisher J, Hermann H. Gender, social policy and implications for promoting women's mental health. Contemporary topics in women's mental health, PS Chandra, H Hermann, J Fisher, M Kastrup, U Niaz, MB Rondon, A Okasha. Wiley, Chichester, West SussexUK 2009
  • Goyal D, Murphy SO, Cohen J. Immigrant Asian Indian women and postpartum depression. Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Neonatal Nursing January–February, 2006; 35(1)98–104
  • Hadley C, Patil CL. Food insecurity in rural Tanzania is associated with maternal anxiety and depression. American Journal of Human Biology 2006; 18: 359–368
  • Haslam SA, Ryan MK. The road to the glass cliff: Differences in the perceived suitability of men and women for leadership positions in succeeding and failing organizations. The Leadership Quarterly 2008; 19: 530–546
  • Heflin CM, Siefert K, Williams DR. Food insufficiency and women's mental health: Findings from a 3-year panel of welfare recipients. Social Science & Medicine 2005; 61: 1971–1982
  • Howard L.M., Trevillion K., Agnew-Davies R. Domestic violence and mental health. Internation Review of Psychiatry 2010; 22: 525–534
  • Hoobler JM, Wayne SJ, Lemmon G. Bosses’ perceptions of family‐work conflict and women's promotability: Glass ceiling effects. The Academy of Management Journal 2009; 52: 939–957
  • Inandi T, Elci OC, Ozturk A, Egri M, Polat A, Sahin TK. Risk factors for depression in postnatal first year, in Eastern Turkey. International Journal of Epidemiology 2002; 31: 1201–1207
  • Insch GS, McIntyre N, Napier NK. The expatriate glass ceiling: The second layer of glass. Journal of Business Ethics 2008; 83: 19–28
  • Izutsu T. Women's mental health in the context of broad global policies. Contemporary topics in women's mental health, PS Chandra, H Hermann, J Fisher, M Kastrup, U Niaz, MB Rondon, A Okasha. Wiley, Chichester, West SussexUK 2009
  • Jackson JFL, O’Callaghan EM. Glass ceiling effects? A taxonomy and critical review to inform higher education. Research in Higher Education 2009; 50: 460–482
  • Jellal M, Nordman CJ, Wolff F. Evidence on the glass ceiling effect in France using matched worker-firm data. Applied Economics 2008; 40: 3233–3250
  • Judd F, Komiti A, Jackson H. How does being female assist help-seeking for mental health problems?. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 42: 24–29
  • Kauppinen K. Sexual harassment in the workplace. In WHO. Women and Occupational Health. World Health Organization, Geneva 1998
  • Keita GP. Psychosocial and cultural contributions to depression in women: Considerations for women midlife and beyond. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 2007; 3: S12–15
  • Kinyanda E. Woodburn, P., Tugumisirize, J., Kagugube, J., Ndyanabangi, S. & Patel, V. 2009, Poverty, life events and the risk for depression in Uganda. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, November 16. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Klainin P, Arthur DG. Postpartum depression in Asian cultures: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies October, 2009; 46(10)1355–1373
  • Knipscheer JW, Kleber RJ. The relative contribution of post-traumatic and acculturative stress to subjective mental health among Bosnian refugees. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2006; 62: 339–353
  • Koss MP, Goodman LA, Browne A, Fitzgerald LF, Keita GP, Russo NF. No safe haven: Male violence against women at home, at work, and in the community. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC 1994
  • Lapierre LM, Spector PE, Leck JD. Sexual versus nonsexual workplace aggression and victims’ overall job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2005; 10: 155–169
  • McCloskey LA, Williams C, Larsen U. Gender inequality and intimate partner violence among women in Moshi, Tanzania. International Family Planning Perspectives 2005; 31: 124–130
  • Melchior M, Caspi A, Howard LM, Ambler AP, Bolton H, Mountain N, Moffitt TE. Mental health context of food insecurity: A representative cohort of families with young children. Pediatrics 2009; 124: e564–572
  • Moss NE. Gender equity and socioeconomic inequality: A framework for the patterning of women's health. Social Science & Medicine 2002; 54: 649–661
  • Nakao M. Work-related stress and psychosomatic medicine. Biopsychosocial Medicine 2010; 26, 4: 4
  • Niaz U. Introduction, Gender perspectives in psycho-trauma, The Pakistan earthquake, 2005: The day the mountains moved. Sama Books, Karachi, Pakistan 2007
  • Niaz U. Women and disasters. Contemporary topics in women's mental health, PS Chandra, H Hermann, J Fisher, M Kastrup, U Niaz, MB Rondon, A Okasha. Wiley, Chichester, West SussexUK 2009
  • Noh S, Beiser M, Kaspar V, Hou F, Rummens J. Perceived racial discrimination, depression and coping: A study of southeast Asian refugees in Canada. Journal of Health Social Behaviour 1999; 40: 193–207
  • Norris F, Perilla J, Ibañez G, Murphy A. ‘Sex differences in symptoms of post-traumatic stress: Does culture play a role?’. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2001; 14: 7–28
  • Patel V, Kleinman A, (2003). Poverty and common mental disorders in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 81, Geneva
  • Patel V, Araya R, de Lima M, Ludermir A, Todd C. Women, poverty and common mental disorders in four restructuring societies. Social Science & Medicine 1999; 49: 461–1471
  • Patel V, Kirkwood BR, Pednekar S, Pereira B, Barros P, Fernandes J, , Mabey D, et al. Gender disadvantage and reproductive health risk factors for common mental disorders in women. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006; 63: 404–413
  • Patel V, Rodrigues M, DeSouza N. Gender, poverty, and postnatal depression: A study of mothers in Goa, India. American Journal of Psychiatry 2002; 159: 43–47
  • Patel V, Abas M, Broadhead J, Todd C, Reeler A. Depression in developing countries: Lessons from Zimbabwe. British Medical Journal 2001; 322: 482–484
  • Prince M, Patel V, Saxena S, Maj M, Maselko J, Phillips M, Rahman A. No health without mental health. Lancet 2009; 370: 859–877
  • Rahman A, Hafeez A. Suicidal feelings run high among mothers in refugee camps: A cross-sectional survey. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2003; 108: 392–393
  • Rocca CH, Rathod S, Falle T, Pande RP, Krishnan S. Challenging assumptions about women's empowerment: Social and economic resources and domestic violence among young married women in urban South India. International Journal of Epidemiology 2009; 38: 577–585
  • Russo NF. Overview: Forging research priorities for women's mental health. American Psychologist 1990; 45: 368–373
  • Sanders K, Willemsen TM, Millar CCJM. Views from above the glass ceiling: Does the academic environment influence women professors’ careers and experiences?. Sex Roles 2009; 60: 301–312
  • Saxena S, Thornicroft G, Knapp M, Whiteford H. Resources for mental health: scarcity, inequity, and inefficiency. Lancet 2007; 370: 878–889
  • Schweitzer R, Melville F, Steel Z, Lacherez P. Trauma, post-migration living difficulties and social support as predictors of psychological adjustment in resettled Sudanese refugees. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2006; 40: 179–187
  • Seedat S, Scott KM, Angermeyer MC, Berglund P, Bromet EJ, Brugha TS, et al. Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Archives of General Psychiatry 2009; 66: 785–795
  • Selim N. Cultural dimensions of depression in Bangladesh: A qualitative study in two villages of Matlab. Journal of Health Population Nutrition 2010; 28: 95–106
  • Sen G, Ostlin P. Gender inequity in health: Why it exists and how we can change it. Global Public Health 2008; 3: S1–12
  • Shariff ZM, Khor GL. Household food insecurity and coping strategies in a poor rural community in Malaysia. Nutrition Research Practice 2008; 2: 26–34
  • Shin KR, Shin C, Park SY, Yi HR. Prevalence and determining factors related to depression among adult women in Korea. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi 2004; 34: 1388–1394
  • Siefert K, Heflin CM, Corcoran ME, Williams DR. Food insufficiency and the physical and mental health of low-income women. Women Health 2001; 32: 159–177
  • Siefert K, Heflin CM, Corcoran ME, Williams DR. Food insufficiency and physical and mental health in a longitudinal survey of welfare recipients. Journal of Health & Social Behavior 2004; 45: 171–186
  • Simmons LA, Braun B, Charnigo R, Havens JR, Wright DW. Depression and poverty among rural women: A relationship of social causation or social selection?. Journal of Rural Health 2008; 24: 292–298
  • Stein DJ, Seedat S, Herman A, Moomal H, Heeringa SG, Kessler RC, Williams DR. Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in South Africa. British Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 192: 112–117
  • Stockdale MS. The direct and moderating influences of sexual harassment pervasiveness, coping strategies, and gender on work related outcomes. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2006; 22: 521–535
  • Sundquist J, Bayard-Burfield L, Johansson LM, Johansson SE. Impact of ethnicity, violence and acculturation on displaced migrants: Psychological distress and psychosomatic complaints among refugees in Sweden. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 2000; 188: 357–365
  • Vogler C, Pahl J. Money, power and inequality within marriage. Sociological Review 2008; 42: 263–288
  • Weaver LJ, Hadley C. Moving beyond hunger and nutrition: A systematic review of the evidence linking food insecurity and mental health in developing countries. Ecology of Food & Nutrition 2009; 48: 263–284
  • Weich S, Lewis G. Poverty, unemployment, and common mental disorders: population based cohort study. British Medical Journal 1998; 317: 115–119
  • Whitaker RC, Phillips SM, Orzol SM. Food insecurity and the risks of depression and anxiety in mothers and behavior problems in their preschool-aged children. Pediatrics 2006; 118: e859–868
  • Whooley MA, Kiefe CI, Chesney MA, Markovitz JH, Matthews K, Hulley SB, Study CARDIA. Depressive symptoms, unemployment, and loss of income: The CARDIA study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2002; 162: 2614–2620
  • Wicrama KAS, Wickrama KAT. Family context of mental health risk in Tsunami affected mothers: Findings from a pilot study in Sri Lanka. Social Science & Medicine 2008; 66: 994–1007
  • Xie RH, He G, Liu A, Bradwejn J, Walker M, Wen SW. Fetal gender and postpartum depression in a cohort of Chinese women. Social Science and Medicine August, 2007; 65(4)680–684
  • Zahid MA, Fido AA, Alowaish R, Mohsen MAM, Razik MA. Psychiatric morbidity among housemaids in Kuwait. III: Vulnerability factors. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 2003; 49: 87–96
  • Zahid MA, Fido AA, Razik MA, Mohsen MAM, El-Sayed AA. Psychiatric morbidity among housemaids in Kuwait. Medical Principles & Practice 2004; 13: 249–254

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.