Mental health of sexual minorities. A systematic review

References

• Almazan, E.P., Roettger, M.E., & Acosta, P.S. (2014). Measures of sexual minority status and suicide risk among young adults in the United States. Archives of Suicide Research, 18(3), 274–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida, J., Johnson, R.M., Corliss, H.L., Molnar, B.E., & Azrael, D. (2009). Emotional distress among LGBT youth: The influence of perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(7), 1001–1014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagley, C., & Tremblay, P. (1997). Suicidal behaviors in homosexual and bisexual males. Crisis, 18, 24–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balsam, K.F., Beadnell, B., & Riggs, K.R. (2012). Understanding sexual orientation health disparities in smoking: A population-based analysis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(4), 482–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes, D.M., Hatzenbuehler, M.L., Hamilton, A.D., & Keyes, K.M. (2014). Sexual orientation disparities in mental health: The moderating role of educational attainment. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(9), 1447–1454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkett, M., Espelage, D.L., & Koenig, B. (2009). LGB and questioning students in schools: The moderating effects of homophobic bullying and school climate on negative outcomes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(7), 989–1000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield, K. (1993). A comparison of alcohol consumption between lesbians and heterosexual women in an urban population. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 33(3), 257–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield, K., Wicki, M., Wilsnack, S., Hughes, T., & Gmel, G. (2011). International differences in alcohol use according to sexual orientation. Substance Abuse, 32(4), 210–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blosnich, J., & Bossarte, R. (2012). Drivers of disparity: differences in socially based risk factors of self-injurious and suicidal behaviors among sexual minority college students. Journal of American College Health, 60(2), 141–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blosnich, J., Bossarte, R., Silver, E., & Silenzio, V. (2013). Health care utilization and health indicators among a national sample of US veterans in same-sex partnerships. Military Medicine, 178(2), 207–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blosnich, J.R., Farmer, G.W., Lee, J.G.L., Silenzio, V.M.B., & Bowen, D.J. (2014a). Health inequalities among sexual minority adults: Evidence from ten U.S. states, 2010. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47, 337–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blosnich, J.R., Mays, V.M., & Cochran, S.D. (2014b). Suicidality among veterans: Implications of sexual minority status. American Journal of Public Health, 104, S535–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blosnich, J.R., & Silenzio, V.M.B. (2013). Physical health indicators among lesbian, gay, and bisexual US veterans. Annals of Epidemiology, 23(7), 448–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehmer, U., Miao, X., Linkletter, C., & Clark, M.A. (2012). Adult health behaviors over the life course by sexual orientation. American Journal of Public Health, 102(2), 292–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton, S.L., & Sareen, J. (2011). Sexual orientation and its relation to mental disorders and suicide attempts: Findings from a nationally representative sample. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56, 35–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth, B.M., Davis, T.D., Cheney, A.M., Mengeling, M.A., Torner, J.C., & Sadler, A.G. (2012). Physical health status of female veterans: Contributions of sex partnership and in-military rape. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74(9), 916–924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos, H.M., Sandfort, T.G., de Bruyn, E.H., & Hakvoort, E.M. (2008). Same-sex attraction, social relationships, psychosocial functioning, and school performance in early adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 44, 59–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostwick, W.B., Boyd, C.J., Hughes, T.L., & McCabe, S.E. (2010). Dimensions of sexual orientation and the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 468–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostwick, W.B., Meyer, I., Aranda, F., Russell, S., Hughes, T., Birkett, M., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Mental health and suicidality among racially/ethnically diverse sexual minority youths. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), 1129–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowring, A.L., Vella, A.M., Degenhardt, L., Hellard, M., & Lim, M.S. (2015). Sexual identity, same-sex partners and risk behaviour among a community-based sample of young people in Australia. International Journal on Drug Policy, 26(2), 153–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breaugh, J.A. (2003). Effect size estimation: Factors to consider and mistakes to avoid. Journal of Management, 29, 79–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan, D.J., Ross, L.E., Dobinson, C., Veldhuizen, S., & Steele, L.S. (2010). Men's sexual orientation and health in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 101(3), 255–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgard, S.A., Cochran, S.D., & Mays, V.M. (2005). Alcohol and tobacco use patterns among heterosexually and homosexually experienced California women. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 77, 61–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess, D., Tran, A., Lee, R., & van Ryn, M. (2007). Effects of perceived discrimination on mental health and mental health services utilization among gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons. Journal of LGBT health research, 3(4), 1–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Button, D.M., O’Connell, D.J., & Gealt, R. (2012). Sexual minority youth victimization and social support: The intersection of sexuality, gender, race, and victimization. Journal of Homosexuality, 59, 18–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardom, R., Rostosky, S., & Danner, F. (2013). Does ‘it get better’ for depressed sexual minority youth in young adulthood? Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(5), 671–673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Case, P., Austin, S.B., Hunter, D.J., Manson, J.E., Malspeis, S., Willett, W.C., & Spiegelman, D. (2004). Sexual orientation, health risk factors, and physical functioning in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Journal of Women's Health, 13(9), 1033–1047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catania, J.A., Osmond, D., Stall, R.D., Pollack, L., Paul, J.P., Blower, S., .. Fisher, L. (2001). The continuing HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men. American Journal of Public Health, 91(6), 907–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (1991). Pilot study of a household survey to determine HIV seroprevalence. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 40, 1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (2015). Survey data and documentation. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/data_documentation/index.htm
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, A., McManus, S., Brugha, T.S., Bebbington, P., & King, M. (2011). Mental health of the non-heterosexual population of England. British Journal of Psychiatry, 198(2), 143–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, C.H., Gipson, J.D., Perez, T.L., & Cochran, S.D. (2014). Same-sex behavior and health indicators of sexually experienced Filipino young adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior. PMID: 25416159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, S.D., Grella, C.E., & Mays, V.M. (2012). Do substance use norms and perceived drug availability mediate sexual orientation differences in patterns of substance use? Results from the California Quality of Life Survey II. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73(4), 675–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, S.D., & Mays, V.M. (2000a). Lifetime prevalence of suicide symptoms and affective disorders among men reporting same-sex sexual partners: Results from NHANES III. American Journal of Public Health, 90(4), 573–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, S.D., & Mays, V.M. (2000b). Relation between psychiatric syndromes and behaviorally defined sexual orientation in a sample of the US population. American Journal of Epidemiology, 151(5), 516–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, S.D., & Mays, V.M. (2009). Burden of psychiatric morbidity among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals in the California Quality of Life Survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(3), 647–658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, S.D., & Mays, V.M. (2011). Sexual orientation and mortality among US men aged 17 to 59 years: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. American Journal of Public Health, 101(6), 1133–1138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, S.D., & Mays, V.M. (2015). Mortality risks among persons reporting same-sex sexual partners: Evidence from the 2008 General Social Survey – National Death Index data set. American Journal of Public Health, 105(2), 358–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, S.D., Mays, V.M., Alegria, M., Ortega, A.N., & Takeuchi, D. (2007). Mental health and substance use disorders among Latino and Asian American lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 785–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, S.D., Sullivan, J.G., & Mays, V.M. (2003). Prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and mental health services use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 53–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conron, K.J., Mimiaga, M.J., & Landers, S.J. (2010). A population-based study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health. American Journal of Public Health, 100(10), 1953–1960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corliss, H.L., Rosario, M., Wypij, D., Fisher, L.B., & Austin, S.B. (2008). Sexual orientation disparities in longitudinal alcohol use patterns among adolescents findings from the growing up today study. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162(11), 1071–1078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corliss, H.L., Rosario, M., Wypij, D., Wylie, S.A., Frazier, A.L., & Austin, S.B. (2010). Sexual orientation and drug use in a longitudinal cohort study of US adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 35(5), 517–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Graaf, R., Sandfort, T.G.M., & ten Have, M. (2006). Suicidality and sexual orientation: Differences between men and women in a general population-based sample from the Netherlands. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35(3), 253–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denny, S., Lucassen, M.F., Stuart, J., Fleming, T., Bullen, P., Peiris-John, R., .. Utter, J. (2014). The association between supportive high school environments and depressive symptoms and suicidality among sexual minority students. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 53, 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamant, A.L., & Wold, C. (2003). Sexual orientation and variation in physical and mental health status among women. Journal of Women’s Health, 12, 41–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamant, A.L., Wold, C., Spritzer, K., & Gelberg, L. (2000). Health behaviors, health status, and access to and use of health care: A population-based study of lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women. Archives of Family Medicine, 9(10), 1043–1051.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dilley, J.A., Simmons, K.W., Boysun, M.J., Pizacani, B.A., & Stark, M.J. (2010). Demonstrating the importance and feasibility of including sexual orientation in public health surveys: Health disparities in the Pacific Northwest. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 460–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drabble, L., Midanik, L.T., & Trocki, K. (2005). Reports of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems among homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual respondents: Results from the 2000 National Alcohol Survey. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66, 111–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, D.T., & Hatzenbuehler, M.L. (2014). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender hate crimes and suicidality among a population-based sample of sexual-minority adolescents in Boston. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 272–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuRant, R.H., Krowchuk, D.P., & Sinal, S.H. (1998). Victimization, use of violence, and drug use at school among male adolescents who engage in same-sex sexual behavior. Journal of Pediatrics, 133, 113–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, M., & Wechsler, H. (2003). Substance use behaviors among college students with same-sex and opposite-sex experience: results from a national study. Addictive Behaviors, 28(5), 899–913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, M.E., & Resnick, M.D. (2006). Suicidality among gay, lesbian and bisexual youth: The role of protective factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(5), 662–668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericksen, K., & Trocki, K.F. (1994). Sex, alcohol and sexually-transmitted diseases – A national survey. Family Planning Perspectives, 26(6), 257–263.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farmer, G.W., Bucholz, K.K., Flick, L.H., Burroughs, T.E., & Bowen, D.J. (2013a). CVD risk among men participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2010: Differences by sexual minority status. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 67(9), 772–778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmer, G.W., Jabson, J.M., Bucholz, K.K., & Bowen, D.J. (2013b). A population-based study of cardiovascular disease risk in sexual-minority women. American Journal of Public Health, 103(10), 1845–1850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulkner, A.H., & Cranston, K. (1998). Correlates of same-sex sexual behavior in a random sample of Massachusetts high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 88(2), 262–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson, C.J. (2009). An effect size primer: A guide for clinicians and researchers. Professional Psychology–Research and Practice, 40(5), 532–538.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., & Beautrais, A.L. (1999). Is sexual orientation related to mental health problems and suicidality in young people? Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(10), 876–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Ridder, E.M., & Beautrais, A.L. (2005). Sexual orientation and mental health in a birth cohort of young adults. Psychological Medicine, 35(7), 971–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming, T.M., Merry, S.N., Robinson, E.M., Denny, S.J., & Watson, P.D. (2007). Self-reported suicide attempts and associated risk and protective factors among secondary school students in New Zealand. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 41(3), 213–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, J.A., & Jasinski, J.L. (2006). Sexual orientation and substance use among college students. Addictive Behaviors, 31(3), 404–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredriksen-Goldsen, K.I., Kim, H.J., Barkan, S.E., Muraco, A., & Hoy-Ellis, C.P. (2013). Health disparities among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults: Results from a population-based study. American Journal of Public Health, 103(10), 1802–1809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fried, L.E., Williams, S., Cabral, H., & Hacker, K. (2013). Differences in risk factors for suicide attempts among 9th and 11th grade youth: A longitudinal perspective. Journal of School Nursing, 29(2), 113–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisch, M., & Simonsen, J. (2013). Marriage, cohabitation and mortality in Denmark: National cohort study of 6.5 million persons followed for up to three decades (1982–2011). International Journal of Epidemiology, 42(2), 559–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisell, T., Lichtenstein, P., Rahman, Q., & Langstrom, N. (2010). Psychiatric morbidity associated with same-sex sexual behaviour: Influence of minority stress and familial factors. Psychological Medicine, 40(2), 315–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garofalo, R., Wolf, R.C., Kessel, S., Palfrey, J., & DuRant, R.H. (1998). The association between health risk behaviors and sexual orientation among a school-based sample of adolescents. Pediatrics, 101(5), 895–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gattis, M.N., Sacco, P., & Cunningham-Williams, R.M. (2012). Substance use and mental health disorders among heterosexual identified men and women who have same-sex partners or same-sex attraction: Results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(5), 1185–1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilman, S.E., Cochran, S.D., Mays, V.M., Hughes, M., Ostrow, D., & Kessler, R.C. (2001). Risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals reporting same-sex sexual partners in the National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 91(6), 933–939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, J.E., Odlaug, B.L., Derbyshire, K., Schreiber, L.R.N., Lust, K., & Christenson, G. (2014). Mental health and clinical correlates in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer young adults. Journal of American College Health, 62, 75–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grella, C.E., Cochran, S.D., Greenwell, L., & Mays, V.M. (2011). Effects of sexual orientation and gender on perceived need for treatment by persons with and without mental disorders. Psychiatric Services, 62(4), 404–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruskin, E.P., & Gordon, N. (2006). Gay/lesbian sexual orientation increases risk for cigarette smoking and heavy drinking among members of a large Northern California health plan. BMC Public Health, 6, 241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddock, C.K., Rindskopf, D., & Shadish, W.R. (1998). Using odds ratios as effect sizes for meta-analysis of dichotomous data: A primer on methods and issues. Psychological Methods, 3(3), 339–353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagger-Johnson, G., Taibjee, R., Semlyen, J., Fitchie, I., Fish, J., Meads, C., & Varney, J. (2013). Sexual orientation identity in relation to smoking history and alcohol use at age 18/19: Cross-sectional associations from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE). BMJ Open, 3(8), e002810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahm, H.C., Wong, F.Y., Huang, Z.J., Ozonoff, A., & Lee, J. (2008). Substance use among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders sexual minority adolescents: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42(3), 275–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M.L. (2009). How does sexual minority stigma ‘get under the skin’? A psychological mediation framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 707–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M.L. (2011). The social environment and suicide attempts in lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Pediatrics, 127(5), 896–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M.L., Birkett, M., Van Wagenen, A., & Meyer, I.H. (2014). Protective school climates and reduced risk for suicide ideation in sexual minority youths. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 279–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M.L., Corbin, W.R., & Fromme, K. (2008a). Trajectories and determinants of alcohol use among LGB young adults and their heterosexual peers: Results from a prospective study. Developmental Psychology, 44, 81–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M.L., Keyes, K.M., & Hasin, D.S. (2009). State-level policies and psychiatric morbidity in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. American Journal of Public Health, 99(12), 2275–2281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M.L., McLaughlin, K.A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2008b). Emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms in a longitudinal study of sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 49(12), 1270–1278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M.L., Pachankis, J.E., & Wolff, J. (2012). Religious climate and health risk behaviors in sexual minority youths: A population-based study. American Journal of Public Health, 102(4), 657–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrell, R., Goldberg, J., True, W.R., Ramakrishnan, V., Lyons, M., Eisen, S., & Tsuang, M.T. (1999). Sexual orientation and suicidality – A co-twin control study in adult men. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(10), 867–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidaka, Y., Operario, D., Takenaka, M., Omori, S., Ichikawa, S., & Shirasaka, T. (2008). Attempted suicide and associated risk factors among youth in urban Japan. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(9), 752–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, T., McCabe, S. E., Wilsnack, S. C., West, B. T., & Boyd, C. J. (2010a). Victimization and substance use disorders in a national sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women and men. Addiction, 105(12), 2130–2140.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, T., Szalacha, L. A., & McNair, R. (2010b). Substance abuse and mental health disparities: comparisons across sexual identity groups in a national sample of young Australian women. Social Science Medicine, 71(4), 824–831.
   Google Scholar
• Husky, M.M., Guignard, R., Beck, F., & Michel, G. (2013). Risk behaviors, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a nationally representative French sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(3), 1059–1065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Y.W., Perry, D.K., & Hesser, J.E. (2010). Adolescent suicide and health risk behaviors Rhode Island's 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38(5), 551–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R.M., Kidd, J.D., Dunn, E.C., Green, J.G., Corliss, H.L., & Bowen, D. (2011). Associations between caregiver support, bullying, and depressive symptomatology among sexual minority and heterosexual girls: Results from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey. Journal of School Violence, 10(2), 185–200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jorm, A.F., Korten, A.E., Rodgers, B., Jacomb, P.A., & Christensen, H. (2002). Sexual orientation and mental health: Results from a community survey of young and middle-aged adults. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 423–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Julien, D., Jouvin, E., Jodoin, E., L’Archeveque, A., & Chartrand, E. (2008). Adjustment among mothers reporting same-gender sexual partners: A study of a representative population sample from Quebec Province (Canada). Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37(6), 864–876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kann, L., Olsen, E.O., McManus, T., Kinchen, S., Chyen, D., Harris, W.A., & Wechsler, H. (2011). Sexual identity, sex of sexual contacts, and health-risk behaviors among students in grades 9–12 – Youth risk behavior surveillance, selected sites, United States, 2001–2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries, 60(7), 1–133.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kerr, D., Ding, K., Burke, A., & Ott-Walter, K. (2015). An alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use comparison of lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual undergraduate women. Substance Use & Misuse, 50(3), 340–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, D.L., Ding, K.L., & Chaya, J. (2014). Substance use of lesbian, gay, bisexual and heterosexual college students. American Journal of Health Behavior, 38(6), 951–962.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, D.L., Santurri, L., & Peters, P. (2013). A comparison of lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual college undergraduate women on selected mental health issues. Journal of American College Health, 61(4), 185–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, M., & Nazareth, I. (2006). The health of people classified as lesbian, gay and bisexual attending family practitioners in London: A controlled study. BMC Public Health, 6, 127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S.S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konishi, C., Saewyc, E., Homma, Y., & Poon, C. (2013). Population-level evaluation of school-based interventions to prevent problem substance use among gay, lesbian and bisexual adolescents in Canada. Preventive Medicine, 57(6), 929–933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyper, L., Fernee, H., & Keuzenkamp, S. (2015). A comparative analysis of a community and general sample of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Archives of sexual behavior. PMID: 25564037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampinen, T.M., McGhee, D., & Martin, I. (2006). Increased risk of ‘club’ drug use among gay and bisexual high school students in British Columbia. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4), 458–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lhomond, B., & Saurel-Cubizolles, M.J. (2006). Violence against women and suicide risk: The neglected impact of same-sex sexual behaviour. Social Science & Medicine, 62(8), 2002–2013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lhomond, B., Saurel-Cubizolles, M.J., & Michaels, S. (2014). A multidimensional measure of sexual orientation, use of psychoactive substances, and depression: Results of a national survey on sexual behavior in France. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(3), 607–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lian, Q., Zuo, X., Lou, C., Gao, E., & Cheng, Y. (2015). Sexual orientation and risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: A multi-centre cross-sectional study in three Asian cities. Journal of Epidemiology, 25(2), 155–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindley, L.L., Walsemann, K.M., & Carter, J.W. (2012). The association of sexual orientation measures with young adults’ health-related outcomes. American Journal of Public Health, 102(6), 1177–1185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loosier, P.S., & Dittus, P.J. (2010). Group differences in risk across three domains using an expanded measure of sexual orientation. Journal of Primary Prevention, 31(5–6), 261–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucassen, M.F., Clark, T.C., Denny, S.J., Fleming, T.M., Rossen, F.V., Sheridan, J., .. Robinson, E.M. (2014). What has changed from 2001 to 2012 for sexual minority youth in New Zealand? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lytle, M.C., De Luca, S.M., & Blosnich, J.R. (2014). The influence of intersecting identities on self-harm, suicidal behaviors, and depression among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(4), 384–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madge, N., Hawton, K., McMahon, E.M., Corcoran, P., De Leo, D., de Wilde, E.J., .. Arensman, E. (2011). Psychological characteristics, stressful life events and deliberate self-harm: Findings from the Child & Adolescent Self-harm in Europe (CASE) study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 20(10), 499–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshal, M.P., Dermody, S.S., Cheong, J., Burton, C.M., Friedman, M.S., Aranda, F., & Hughes, T.L. (2013a). Trajectories of depressive symptoms and suicidality among heterosexual and sexual minority youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(8), 1243–1256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshal, M.P., Dermody, S.S., Shultz, M.L., Sucato, G.S., Stepp, S.D., Chung, T., .. Hipwell, A.E. (2013b). Mental health and substance use disparities among urban adolescent lesbian and bisexual girls. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 19(5), 271–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshal, M.P., Dietz, L.J., Friedman, M.S., Stall, R., Smith, H.A., McGinley, J., .. Brent, D.A. (2011). Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49(2), 115–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshal, M.P., Friedman, M.S., Stall, R., King, K.M., Miles, J., Gold, M.A., .. Morse, J.Q. (2008). Sexual orientation and adolescent substance use: A meta-analysis and methodological review. Addiction, 103(4), 546–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshal, M.P., King, K.M., Stepp, S.D., Hipwell, A., Smith, H., Chung, T., .. Markovic, N. (2012a). Trajectories of alcohol and cigarette use among sexual minority and heterosexual girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50, 97–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshal, M.P., Sucato, G., Stepp, S.D., Hipwell, A., Smith, H.A., Friedman, M.S., .. Markovic, N. (2012b). Substance use and mental health disparities among sexual minority girls: Results from the Pittsburgh Girls study. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 25, 15–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Storey, A., & Crosnoe, R. (2012). Sexual minority status, peer harassment, and adolescent depression. Journal of Adolescence, 35(4), 1001–1011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathy, R.M., Cochran, S.D., Olsen, J., & Mays, V.M. (2011). The association between relationship markers of sexual orientation and suicide: Denmark, 1990–2001. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46(2), 111–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews-Ewald, M.R., Zullig, K.J., & Ward, R.M. (2014). Sexual orientation and disordered eating behaviors among self-identified male and female college students. Eating Behaviors, 15(3), 441–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, D.D., Blosnich, J.R., Farmer, G.W., & Adams, B.J. (2014). Operational definitions of sexual orientation and estimates of adolescent health risk behaviors. LGBT Health, 1, 42–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, D.D., & Lee, J.G.L. (2014). A profile of North Carolina lesbian, gay, and bisexual health disparities, 2011. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), E98–E105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattocks, K.M., Sadler, A., Yano, E.M., Krebs, E.E., Zephyrin, L., Brandt, C., .. Haskell, S. (2013). Sexual victimization, health status, and VA healthcare utilization among lesbian and bisexual OEF/OIF veterans. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28(Suppl2), S604–608.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCabe, S.E., Boyd, C., Hughes, T.L., & d’Arcy, H. (2003). Sexual identity and substance use among undergraduate students. Substance Abuse, 24(2), 77–91.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCabe, S.E., Hughes, T.L., Bostwick, W., & Boyd, C.J. (2005). Assessment of difference in dimensions of sexual orientation: Implications for substance use research in a college-age population. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66(5), 620–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S.E., Hughes, T.L., Bostwick, W., Morales, M., & Boyd, C.J. (2012). Measurement of sexual identity in surveys: Implications for substance abuse research. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(3), 649–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S.E., Hughes, T.L., Bostwick, W.B., West, B.T., & Boyd, C.J. (2009). Sexual orientation, substance use behaviors and substance dependence in the United States. Addiction, 104(8), 1333–1345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, K.A., Hatzenbuehler, M.L., Xuan, Z.M., & Conrond, K.J. (2012). Disproportionate exposure to early-life adversity and sexual orientation disparities in psychiatric morbidity. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(9), 645–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon, E.M., Reulbach, U., Keeley, H., Perry, I.J., & Arensman, E. (2012). Reprint of: bullying victimisation, self harm and associated factors in Irish adolescent boys. Social Science & Medicine, 74(4), 490–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNair, R., Kavanagh, A., Agius, P., & Tong, B. (2005). The mental health status of young adult and mid-life non-heterosexual Australian women. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 29(3), 265–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNair, R., Szalacha, L.A., & Hughes, T.L. (2011). health status, health service use, and satisfaction according to sexual identity of young Australian women. Women's Health Issues, 21, 40–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, C.H., Bailey, J.V., Johnson, A.M., Erens, B., Wellings, K., Fenton, K.A., & Copas, A.J. (2007). Women who report having sex with women: British national probability data on prevalence, sexual behaviors, and health outcomes. American Journal of Public Health, 97(6), 1126–1133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I.H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, I.H., & Wilson, P.A. (2009). Sampling lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 23–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Midanik, L.T., Drabble, L., Trocki, K., & Sell, R.L. (2007). Sexual orientation and alcohol use: Identity versus behavior measures. Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3, 25–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mustanski, B., Andrews, R., Herrick, A., Stall, R., & Schnarrs, P.W. (2014). A syndemic of psychosocial health disparities and associations with risk for attempting suicide among young sexual minority men. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 287–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Needham, B.L. (2012). Sexual attraction and trajectories of mental health and substance use during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(2), 179–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Needham, B.L., & Austin, E.L. (2010). Sexual orientation, parental support, and health during the transition to young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(10), 1189–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newcomb, M.E., Birkett, M., Corliss, H.L., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Sexual orientation, gender, and racial differences in illicit drug use in a sample of US high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 304–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, R.C., Rasmussen, S., & Hawton, K. (2009a). Predicting deliberate self-harm in adolescents: A six month prospective study. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 39(4), 364–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, R.C., Rasmussen, S., & Hawton, K. (2014). Adolescent self-harm: A school-based study in Northern Ireland. Journal of Affective Disorders, 159, 46–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, R.C., Rasmussen, S., Miles, J., & Hawton, K. (2009b). Self-harm in adolescents: Self-report survey in schools in Scotland. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194, 68–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olshen, E., McVeigh, K.H., Wunsch-Hitzig, R.A., & Rickert, V.I. (2007). Dating violence, sexual assault, and suicide attempts among urban teenagers. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 161(6), 539–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orenstein, A. (2001). Substance use among gay and lesbian adolescents. Journal of Homosexuality, 41(2), 1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortiz-Hernandez, L., Tello, B.L., & Valdes, J. (2009). The association of sexual orientation with self-rated health, and cigarette and alcohol use in Mexican adolescents and youths. Social Science & Medicine, 69, 85–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oswalt, S.B., & Wyatt, T.J. (2011). Sexual orientation and differences in mental health, stress, and academic performance in a national sample of U.S. college students. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(9), 1255–1280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pachankis, J.E. (2007). The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: A cognitive-affective-behavioral model. Psychological Bulletin, 133(2), 328–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakula, B., & Shoveller, J.A. (2013). Sexual orientation and self-reported mood disorder diagnosis among Canadian adults. BMC Public Health, 13, 209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson, J., & Wilkinson, L. (2013). Family relationships and adolescent well-being: Are families equally protective for same-sex attracted youth? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(3), 376–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelts, M.D., & Albright, D.L. (2014). An exploratory study of student service members’ and veterans’ mental health characteristics by sexual orientation. Journal of American College Health. PMID: 25102441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pesola, F., Shelton, K.H., & van den Bree, M.B. (2014). Sexual orientation and alcohol problem use among U.K. adolescents: An indirect link through depressed mood. Addiction, 109(7), 1072–1080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinhey, T.K., & Millman, S.R. (2004). Asian/Pacific Islander adolescent sexual orientation and suicide risk in Guam. American Journal of Public Health, 94(7), 1204–1206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plöderl, M., Kralovec, K., & Fartacek, R. (2010). The relation between sexual orientation and suicide attempts in Austria. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(6), 1403–1414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plöderl, M., Sauer, J., & Fartacek, R. (2006). Suizidalität und psychische Gesundheit von homo-und bisexuellen Männern und Frauen. Eine Metaanalyse internationaler Zufallsstichproben [Suicidality and mental health of homosexual and bisexual men and women. A meta-analysis of international probability samples]. Verhaltenstherapie & Psychosoziale Praxis, 38(2), 283–302.
   Google Scholar
• Plöderl, M., Wagenmakers, E.J., Tremblay, P., Ramsay, R., Kralovec, K., Fartacek, C., & Fartacek, R. (2013). Suicide risk and sexual orientation: A critical review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(5), 715–727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, H.G., Jr., Ionescu-Pioggia, M., & Pope, K.W. (2001). Drug use and life style among college undergraduates: A 30-year longitudinal study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(9), 1519–1521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poteat, V.P., Aragon, S.R., Espelage, D.L., & Koenig, B.W. (2009). Psychosocial concerns of sexual minority youth: complexity and caution in group differences. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 196–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Przedworski, J.M., McAlpine, D.D., Karaca-Mandic, P., & VanKim, N.A. (2014). Health and health risks among sexual minority women: An examination of 3 subgroups. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), 1045–1047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, P., Agerbo, E., & Mortensen, P. B. (2003). Suicide risk in relation to socioeconomic, demographic, psychiatric, and familial factors: a national register-based study of all suicides in Denmark, 1981–1997. The American journal of psychiatry, 160(4), 765–772.
   Google Scholar
• Ramsay, R., & Tremblay, P. (2015). Gay, lesbian, bisexual & transgender ‘attempted suicide’ incidences/risks. Suicidality studies from 1970 to 2015. Retrieved from http://people.ucalgary.ca/∼ramsay/attempted-suicide-gay-lesbian-all-studies.htm#All-Studies
   Google Scholar
• Rath, J.M., Villanti, A.C., Rubenstein, R.A., & Vallone, D.M. (2013). Tobacco use by sexual identity among young adults in the United States. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15(11), 1822–1831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reczek, C., Liu, H., & Spiker, R. (2014). A population-based study of alcohol use in same-sex and different-sex unions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 76(3), 557–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, E., Prado, G., Matsumoto, A., & Amaro, H. (2010). Alcohol and drug use and related consequences among gay, lesbian and bisexual college students: Role of experiencing violence, feeling safe on campus, and perceived stress. Addictive Behaviors, 35(2), 168–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remafedi, G., French, S., Story, M., Resnick, M.D., & Blum, R. (1998). The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: Results of a population-based study. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 57–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renaud, J., Berlim, M.T., Begolli, M., McGirr, A., & Turecki, G. (2010). Sexual orientation and gender identity in youth suicide victims: An exploratory study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55, 29–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes, S.D., McCoy, T.P., Wilkin, A.M., & Wolfson, M. (2009). Behavioral risk disparities in a random sample of self-identifying gay and non-gay male university students. Journal of Homosexuality, 56(8), 1083–1100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridner, S.L., Frost, K., & LaJoie, A.S. (2006). Health information and risk behaviors among lesbian, gay, and bisexual college students. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 18(8), 374–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, A.L., Rosario, M., Slopen, N., Calzo, J.P., & Austin, S.B. (2013). Childhood gender nonconformity, bullying victimization, and depressive symptoms across adolescence and early adulthood: An 11-year longitudinal study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(2), 143–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robin, L., Brener, N.D., Donahue, S.F., Hack, T., Hale, K., & Goodenow, C. (2002). Associations between health risk behaviors and opposite-, same-, and both-sex sexual partners in representative samples of Vermont and Massachusetts high school students. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156(4), 349–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson-Cimpian, J.P. (2014). Inaccurate estimation of disparities due to mischievous responders: Several suggestions to assess conclusions. Educational Researcher, 43(4), 171–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosario, M., Reisner, S.L., Corliss, H.L., Wypij, D., Calzo, J., & Austin, S.B. (2014a). Sexual-orientation disparities in substance use in emerging adults: A function of stress and attachment paradigms. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(3), 790–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosario, M., Reisner, S.L., Corliss, H.L., Wypij, D., Frazier, A.L., & Austin, S.B. (2014b). Disparities in depressive distress by sexual orientation in emerging adults: The roles of attachment and stress paradigms. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(5), 901–916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothman, E.F., Sullivan, M., Keyes, S., & Boehmer, U. (2012). Parents’ supportive reactions to sexual orientation disclosure associated with better health: Results from a population-based survey of LGB adults in Massachusetts. Journal of Homosexuality, 59(2), 186–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, S.T., & Joyner, K. (2001). Adolescent sexual orientation and suicide risk: Evidence from a national study. American Journal of Public Health, 91(8), 1276–1281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saewyc, E.M., Skay, C.L., Hynds, P., Pettingell, S., Bearinger, L.H., Resnick, M.D., & Reis, E. (2007). Suicidal ideation and attempts in North American school-based surveys: Are bisexual youth at increasing risk? Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3(2), 25–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Said, D., Kypri, K., & Bowman, J. (2013). Risk factors for mental disorder among university students in Australia: Findings from a web-based cross-sectional survey. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(6), 935–944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandfort, T., de Graaf, R., ten Have, M., Ransome, Y., & Schnabel, P. (2014). Same-sex sexuality and psychiatric disorders in the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). LGBT Health, 1(4), 292–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandfort, T.G.M., Bakker, F., Schellevis, F., & Vanwesenbeeck, I. (2009). Coping styles as mediator of sexual orientation-related health differences. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(2), 253–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandfort, T.G.M., Bakker, F., Schellevis, F.G., & Vanwesenbeeck, I. (2006). Sexual orientation and mental and physical health status: Findings from a Dutch population survey. American Journal of Public Health, 96(6), 1119–1125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandfort, T.G.M., de Graaf, R., Bijl, R.V., & Schnabel, P. (2001). Same-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders – Findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 85–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savin-Williams, R.C. (2001). Suicide attempts among sexual-minority youths: Population and measurement issues. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(6), 983–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savin-Williams, R.C. (2008). Then and now: Recruitment, definition, diversity, and positive attributes of same-sex populations. Developmental Psychology, 44, 135–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savin-Williams, R.C., Cohen, K.M., Joyner, K., & Rieger, G. (2010). Depressive symptoms among same-sex oriented young men: importance of reference group. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(6), 1213–1215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schauer, G.L., Berg, C.J., & Bryant, L.O. (2013). Sex differences in psychosocial correlates of concurrent substance use among heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual college students. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 39(4), 252–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seil, K.S., Desai, M.M., & Smith, M.V. (2014). Sexual orientation, adult connectedness, substance use, and mental health outcomes among adolescents: Findings from the 2009 New York City Youth Risk Behavior Survey. American Journal of Public Health, 104(10), 1950–1956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Hicks, R.H., Parides, M., & Gould, M. (1995). Sexual orientation in adolescents who commit suicide. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 25(Suppl), S64–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shields, J.P., Whitaker, K., Glassman, J., Franks, H.M., & Howard, K. (2012). Impact of victimization on risk of suicide among lesbian, gay, and bisexual high school students in San Francisco. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(4), 418–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silenzio, V.M.B., Pena, J.B., Duberstein, P.R., Cerel, J., & Knox, K.L. (2007). Sexual orientation and risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among adolescents and young adults. American Journal of Public Health, 97(11), 2017–2019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skegg, K., Nada-Raja, S., Dickson, N., Paul, C., & Williams, S. (2003). Sexual orientation and self-harm in men and women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(3), 541–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stall, R., Friedman, M., & Catania, J.A. (2008). Interacting epidemics and gay men's health: A theory of syndemic production among urban gay men. In R.J. Wolitski, R. Stall & R.O. Valdiserri (Eds), Unequal opportunity: Health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men in the United States (pp. 251–274). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Steele, L.S., Ross, L.E., Dobinson, C., Veldhuizen, S., & Tinmouth, J.M. (2009). Women's sexual orientation and health: Results from a Canadian population-based survey. Women & Health, 49(5), 353–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, D.M., Luo, F., Lippy, C., & McIntosh, W.L. (2014a). The role of social connectedness and sexual orientation in the prevention of youth suicide ideation and attempts among sexually active adolescents. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 45(4), 415–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, D.M., Luo, F.J., Ouyang, L.J., Lippy, C., Hertz, M.F., & Crosby, A.E. (2014b). Sexual orientation and suicide ideation, plans, attempts, and medically serious attempts: Evidence from local youth risk behavior surveys, 2001–2009. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 262–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strutz, K.L., Herring, A.H., & Halpern, C.T. (2015). Health disparities among young adult sexual minorities in the US. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48, 76–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taliaferro, L.A., & Muehlenkamp, J.J. (2014). Risk and protective factors that distinguish adolescents who attempt suicide from those who only consider suicide in the past year. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 44, 6–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talley, A.E., Hughes, T.L., Aranda, F., Birkett, M., & Marshal, M.P. (2014). Exploring alcohol-use behaviors among heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents: Intersections with sex, age, and race/ethnicity. American Journal of Public Health, 104(2), 295–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teasdale, B., & Bradley-Engen, M.S. (2010). Adolescent same-sex attraction and mental health: The role of stress and support. Journal of Homosexuality, 57(2), 287–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tjepkema, M. (2008). Health care use among gay, lesbian and bisexual Canadians. Health Reports, 19, 53–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tremblay, P.(n.d.). Info source: Gay and bisexual male suicide problems (Part 4 of 6: Abstracts/Highlights). Retrieved 29 April 2015 from http://www.youth-suicide.com/gay-bisexual/gbsuicide1.htm
   Google Scholar
• Tucker, J.S., Ellickson, P.L., & Klein, D.J. (2008). Understanding differences in substance use among bisexual and heterosexual young women. Women's Health Issues, 18(5), 387–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueno, K. (2010a). Mental health differences between young adults with and without same-sex contact: A simultaneous examination of underlying mechanisms. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(4), 391–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueno, K. (2010b). Same-sex experience and mental health during the transition between adolescence and young adulthood. Sociological Quarterly, 51(3), 484–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villarroel, M. A., Turner, C. F., Eggleston, E., Al-Tayyib, A., Rogers, S. M., Roman, A. M., & Gordek, H. 006). Same-gender sex in the United States. Impact of T-ACASI on prevalence estimates. Public Opinion Quarterly, 70(2), 166–196.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Dey, M., Soldati, L., Weiss, M.G., Gmel, G., & Mohler-Kuo, M. (2014). Psychiatric disorders, suicidality, and personality among young men by sexual orientation. European Psychiatry, 29(8), 514–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Hausermann, M., Wydler, H., Mohler-Kuo, M., & Weiss, M.G. (2012). Suicidality and sexual orientation among men in Switzerland: Findings from 3 probability surveys. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(8), 980–986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wichstrom, L., & Hegna, K. (2003). Sexual orientation and suicide attempt: A longitudinal study of the general Norwegian adolescent population. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 144–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, K.A., & Chapman, M.V. (2011). Comparing health and mental health needs, service use, and barriers to services among sexual minority youths and their peers. Health & Social Work, 36(3), 197–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y., Montoro, R., Igartua, K., & Thombs, B.D. (2010). Suicidal ideation and attempt among adolescents reporting ‘unsure’ sexual identity or heterosexual identity plus same-sex attraction or behavior: forgotten groups? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 104–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziyadeh, N.J., Prokop, L.A., Fisher, L.B., Rosario, M., Field, A.E., Camargo, C.A., & Austin, S.B. (2007). Sexual orientation, gender, and alcohol use in a cohort study of US adolescent girls and boys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 87 (2–3), 119–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar