References
- Smith CH, Anstey AV, Barker JN, Burden AD, Chalmers RJ, Chandler DA, British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for biologic interventions for psoriasis 2009. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161:987–1019.
- Menter A, Gottleib A, Feldman SR, Van Voorhees AS, Leonardi CL, Gordon KB, Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: section 1. Overview of psoriasis and guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis with biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58:826–850.
- Ledingham J, Deighton C. Update on the British society for rheumatology guidelines for prescribing TNFα blockers in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (update of previous guidelines of April 2001). Rheumatology. 2005;44:157–163.
- Solomon AJ, Spain RI, Kruer MC, Bourdette D. Inflammatory neurological disease in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors. Mult Scler 2011; Epub ahead of print.
- Mohan N, Edwards ET, Cupps TR, Oliverio PJ, Sandberg G, Crayton H, Richert JR, Siegel JN. Demyelination occurring during anti-tumour necrosis factor α therapy for inflammatory arthritidies. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44:2862–2869.
- Sicotte NL, Voskuhl RR. Onset of multiple sclerosis associated with TNF antagonist therapy. Neurology. 2001;57:1885–1888.
- Foroozan R, Buono LM, Sergott RC, Savino PJ. Retrobulbar optic neuritis associated with infliximab. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:985–987.
- Thomas CW Jr, Weinshenker BG, Sandborn WJ. Demyelination during anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy with infliximab for Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004;10:28–31.
- Enayati PJ, Papadakis KA. Association of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy with the development of multiple sclerosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005;39:303–306.
- Titelbaum DS, Degenhardt A, Kinkel RP. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha-associated multiple sclerosis. Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26:1548–1550.
- Bellesi M, Logullo F, Di Bella P, Provinciali L. CNS demyelination during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. J Neurol. 2006;253:668–669.
- Tanno M, Nakamura I, Kobayashi S, Kurihara K, Ito K. New onset demyelination induced by infliximab therapy in two rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol. 2006;25:929–933.
- Tauber T, Turetz J, Barash J, Avni I, Morad Y. Optic neuritis associated with etanercept therapy for juvenile arthritis. J AAPOS. 2006;10:26–29.
- Fromont A, De Seze J, Fleury MC, Maillefert JF, Moreau T. Inflammatory demyelinating events following treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor. Cytokine. 2009;45:55–57.
- Ibrahim WH, Hammoudah M, Akhtar N, Al-Hail H, Deleu D. Central nervous system demyelination associated with etanercept in a 51 years old woman. Libyan J Med. 2007;2:99–102.
- Sukal SA, Nadiminti L, Granstein RD. Etanercept and demyelinating disease in a patient with psoriasis. JAAD. 2006;54:160–164.
- Mejico LJ. Infliximab-associated retrobulbar optic neuritis. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:793–794.
- Freeman HJ, Flak B. Demyelination-like syndrome in Crohn's disease after infliximab therapy. Can J Gastroenterol. 2005;19:313–316.
- Al Saieg N, Luzar MJ. Etanercept induced multiple sclerosis and transverse myelitis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:1202–1204.
- Ruiz-Jimeno T, Carvajal A, Mata C, Aurrecoechea E. Demyelinating disease in a patient with psoriatic arthritis and family history of multiple sclerosis treated with infliximab. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:1457–1458.
- Mercieca C, Vella N, Borg AA. Demyelination during TNF antagonist therapy for ankylosing spondylitis. Mod Rheumatol. 2011; Epub ahead of print; (PMID 21748364).
- Cay HF, Gungor HA, Sezer I, Kacar C, Balci N. Adverse effect of a TNF-alpha blocker? Demyelination in an ankylosing spondylitis patient: a case report. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2006;31:645–648.
- Martinez-Taboada VM, Val-Bernal JF, Pesquera LC, Fernandez-Llanio NE, Esteban JM, Blanco R, Demyelinating disease and cutaneous lymphocytic vasculitis after etanercept therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2006;35:322–331.
- Gomez-Gallego M, Meca-Lallana J, Fernandez-Barreiro A. Multiple sclerosis onset during etanercept therapy. Eur Neurol. 2008;59:91–93.
- Davis SA, Johnson RR, Pendleton JW. Demyelinating disease associated with use of etanercept in patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:1469–1471.
- Do HH, Mohamed A, Klistorner A, Grigg J. Ophthalmic manifestations of demyelination secondary to etanercept. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;36:392–394.
- Pfueller CF, Seipelt E, Zipp F, Paul F. Multiple sclerosis following etanercept treatment for ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2008;37:397–399.
- Kur-Zalewska J, Swarowska-Knap J, Ttustochowicz W. Neurological disorders with demyelinating brain lesions in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2008;118:234–237.
- Papadia M, Herbort CP. Infliximab-induced demyelination causes visual disturbance mistaken for recurrence of HLA-B27-related uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2010;18:482–484.
- Bensouda-Grimaldi L, Mulleman D, Valat JP, Autret-Leca E. Adalimumab-associated multiple sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:239–240.
- Chung JH, Van Stavern GP, Frohman LP, Turbin RE. Adalimumab-associated optic neuritis. J Neurol Sci. 2006;244:133–136.
- Li SY, Birnbaum AD, Goldstein DA. Optic neuritis associated with adalimumab in the treatment of uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2010;18:475–481.
- Ascherio A, Munger K. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: from risk factors to prevention. Semin Neurol. 2008;28:17–28.
- Tristano AG. Neurological adverse events associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor α treatment. J Neurol. 2010;257:1421–1431.
- Fernandez-Espartero MC, Perez-Zafrilla B, Naranjo A, Esteban C, Ortiz AM, Gomez-Reino JJ, Carmona L; BIOBADASER Study Group. Demyelinating disease in patients treated with TNF antagonists in rheumatology: data from BIOBADASER a pharmacovigilance database, and a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;40:330–337.
- Saad AA, Ashcroft DM, Watson KD, Symmons DP, Noyce PR, Hyrich KL; BSRBR. Efficacy and safety of anti-TNF therapies in psoriatic arthritis: an observational study from the British Society for rheumatology biologics register. Rheumatology. 2010;49:697–705.
- Leombruno JP, Einarson TR, Keystone EC. The safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor treatments in rheumatoid arthritis: meta-analysis and exposure-adjusted pooled analyses of serious adverse events. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1136–1145.
- Klareskog L, Gaubitz M, Rodriguez-Valverde V, Malaise M, Dougados M, Wajdula J; Etanercept Study 301 Investigators. Assessment of long term safety and efficacy of etanercept in a 5-year extension study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2011;29:238–247.
- Fleischmann R, Baumgartner SW, Weisman MH, Liu T, White B, Peloso P. Long term safety of etanercept in elderly subjects with rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:379–384.
- Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG. Multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:938–952.
- Midgard R, Gronning M, Riise T, Kvale G, Nyland H. Multiple sclerosis and chronic inflammatory disease: a case control study. Acta Neurol Scand. 1996;93:322–328.
- Heinzlef O, Alamowitch S, Sazdovich V, Chillet P, Joutel A, Tournier-Lasserve E, Roullet E. Autoimmune diseases in families of French patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2000;101:36–40.
- Gupta G, Gelfand JM, Lewis JD. Increased risk for demyelinating diseases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2005;129:819–826.
- Selmaj K, Raine CS, Cross AH. Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy abrogates autoimmune demyelination. Ann Neurol. 1991;30:694–700.
- Sharief MK, Hentges R. Association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:467–472.
- Kollias G, Douni E, Kassitis G, Kontoyiannis D. On the role of tumor necrosis factor and receptors in models of multi-organ failure, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Immunol Rev. 1999;169:175–194.
- Ruddle NH, Bergman CM, McGrath KM, Lingenheld EG, Grunnet ML, Padula SJ, Clark RB. An antibody to lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor prevents transfer of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Exp Med. 1990;172:1193–1200.
- Selmaj K, Papierz W, Glabinski A, Kohno T. Prevention of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor. J Neuroimmunol. 1995;56:135–141.
- Van Oosten BW, Barkhof F, Truyen L, Boringa JB, Bertelsmann FW, von Blomberg BM, Increased MRI activity and immune activation in two multiple sclerosis patients treated with the monoclonal anti-tumour necrosis factor antibody cA2. Neurology. 1996;47:1531–1534.
- The Lenercept Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. TNF neutralisation in MS: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled multicenter study. Neurology. 1999;53:457–465.
- Suvannavejh GC, Lee HO, Padilla J, Canto MC, Barrett TA, Miller SD. Divergent roles for p55 and p75 tumor necrosis factor receptors in the pathogenesis of MOG (35-555)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Immunol. 2000;205:24–33.
- Kassiotis G, Kollias G. Uncoupling the proinflammatory form the immunosupressive properties of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) at the p55 TNF receptor level: implications for pathogenesis and therapy of autoimmune demyelination. J Exp Med. 2001;193:427–434.
- Arnett HA, Mason J, Marino M, Suzuki K, Matsushima GK, Ting JP. TNF alpha promotes proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors and remyelination. Nat Neurosci. 2001;4:1116–1122.
- Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zeron P, Munoz S, Soria N, Galiana D, Bertolaccini L, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta MA. Autoimmune diseases induced by TNF-targeted therapies. Medicine. 2007;86:242–251.