Metamorphosis delay in Xenopus laevis (Daudin) tadpoles exposed to a 50 Hz weak magnetic field

References

• Adair RK. 1991. Constraints on biological effects of weak extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Physical Review A 43:1039–1048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bawin SM, Kaczmarek LK, Adey WR. 1975. Effects of modulated VHF fields on the central nervous system. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 247:74–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman CF, Benane SG, Kinney LS, Joines WT, House DE. 1982. Effects of ELF fields on calcium-ion efflux from brain tissue in vitro. Radiation Research 92(3):510–520.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blank M. 2008. Protein and DNA reactions stimulated by electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 27:3–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackman CF, Benane SG, Rabinowitz JR, House DE, Joines WT. 1985. A role for the magnetic field in the radiation-induced efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics 6:327–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron IL, Hunter KE, Winters WD. 1985. Retardation of embryogenesis by extremely low frequency 60 Hz electromagnetic fields. Physiological Chemistry and Physics and Medical NMR 17:135–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cridland NA, Haylock RGE, Saundes RD. 1999. 50 Hz magnetic field exposure alters onset of S-phase in normal human fibroblasts. Bioelectromagnetics 20:446–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado JMR, Leal J, Moneagudo JL, Gracia G. 1982. Embryological changes induces by weak ELF EMF. Journal of Anatomy 134:533–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrel JM, Litovitz TL, Penafiel M, Montrose CJ, Doinov P, Barber M, Brown KM, Litovitz TL. 1997. The effect of pulsed and sinusoidal MF on the morphology of developing chick embryos. Bioelectromagnetics 18:431–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzsimmons RJ, Ryaby JT, Mohan S, Magee FP, Baylink DJ. 1995. Combined magnetic fields increase insulin-like growth factor-II in TE- 85 human osteosarcoma bone cell cultures. Endocrinology 136:3100–3106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girgert R, Gründker G, Emons G, Hant V. 2008. Electromagnetic fields alter the expression of estrogen receptor cofactors in breast cancer cells. Bioelectromagnetics 29:169–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris PA, Lamb J, Heaton B, Wheatley DN. 2002. Possible attenuation of the G2 DNA damage cell cycle checkpoint in HeLa cells by extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields. Cancer Cell International 2:3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartwell LH, Weinert TA. 1989. Checkpoints: Controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events. Science 246:629–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juutilainen J, Saali K. 1986. Development of chick embryos in 1 to 1 kHz MF. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 25:135–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaczmarek LK, Adey WR. 1974. Weak electric gradients change ionic and transmitter fluxes in cortex. Brain Research 66(3):537–540.
   Google Scholar
• Koch W, Koch B, Martin A, Moses GC. 1993. Examination of the development of chicken embryos following exposure to magnetic fields. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 105:615–624.
   Google Scholar
• Maffeo S, Miller M, Carstensen E. 1984. Lack of effect of weak low-frequency EMF on chick embryogenesis. Journal of Anatomy 139:613–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmood R, Bresnick J, Hornbruch A, Mahony C, Morton N, Colquhoun K, Martin P, Lumsden A, Dickson C, Mason I. 1995. A role for FGF-8 in the initiation and maintenance of vertebrate limb bud outgrow. Current Biology 5:797–806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markkanen A, Juutilainen J, Lang S, Pelkonen J, Rytömaa T, Naarala J. 2001. Effects of 50 Hz magnetic field on cell cycle kinetics and the colony forming ability of budding yeast exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 22:345–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin AH. 1992. Development of chicken embryos following exposure to 60 Hz MF with differing Waveforms. Bioelectromagnetics 13:223–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieuwkoop P, Faber J. 1956. Normal table of Xenopus laevis. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Olivares-Bañuelos T, Navarro L, González A, Drucker-Colín R. 2004. Differentiation of chromaffin cells elicited by ELF MF modifies gene expression pattern. Cell Biology International 28:273–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popp FA, Becker G, Konig HL, Peschka W. 1979. Electromagnetic bio-information, Baltimore, Maryland: Urban and Schwarzenberg 207.
   Google Scholar
• Reiter R. 1998. Melatonin in the context of the reported bioeffects of environmental electromagnetic fields. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 47:135–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandstrom M, Mild KH, Lovtrup S. 1986. Effects of weak-pulsed MF on chick embryogenesis. In: Knave B, Widebäck PG, editors. Work with display units, Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp 135–140.
   Google Scholar
• Sisken BF, Fowler I, Mayaud C, Ryaby JP, Pilla A. 1986. Pulsed EMF and normal chick development. Journal of Bioelectricity 5:25–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severini M, Dattilo AM, De Gaetano A. 2003. Sublethal effect of a weak intermittent magnetic field on the development of Xenopus laevis (Daudin) tadpoles. International Journal of Biometeorology 48:91–97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tang Y, Katuri V, Dillner A, Mishra B, Deng CX, Mishra L. 2003. Disruption of transforming growth factor-β signaling in ELF β-spectrin-deficient mice. Science 299:574–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takashima Y, Ikehata M, Miyakoshi J, Koana T. 2003. Inhibition of UV-induced G1 arrest by exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields in repair-proficient and -deficient yeast strains. International Journal of Radiation Biology 79(11):919–924.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tavares AT, Tsukui T, Belmonte JCI. 2000. Evidence that members of the Cut/Cux/CDP family may be involved in AER positioning and polarizing activity during chick limb development. Development 127:5133–5144.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ten Berge D, Brugmann SA, Helms JA, Nusse R. 2008. Wnt and FGF signals interact to coordinate growth with cell fate specification during limb development. Development 135:3247–3257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ubeda A, Leal J, Trillo M, Chacon L, Jimenez MA, Delgado JMR. 1983. Pulse shape of MF influences chick embryogenesis. Journal of Anatomy 137:513–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ventura C, Maioli M, Pintus G, Gottardi G, Bersani F. 2000. Elf-pulsed magnetic fields modulate opioid peptide gene expression in myocardial cells. Cardiovascular Research 45:1054–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright ML, Cuthbert KL, Donohue MJ, Solano SD, Proctor KL. 2000. Direct influence of melatonin on the thyroid and comparison with prolactin. Journal of Experimental Zoology 286:625–631.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zimmerman S, Zimmerman AM, Winters WD, Cameron IL. 1990. Influence of 60 Hz magnetic fields on sea urchin development. Bioelectromagnetics 11:37–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zusman I, Yaffe P, Pinus H, Ornoy A. 1990. Effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields on the prenatal and postnatal development in mice and rats: In vivo and in vitro studies. Teratology 42:157–170.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar