The in vivo effects of low-intensity radiofrequency fields on the motor activity of protozoa

References

• Baan R, Grosse Y, Secretan-Lauby B, El Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Guha N, Islami F, Galichet L, Straif K, WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. 2011. Carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Lancet Oncol 12:624–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakhvalova E, Yegorova E, Tushmalova N. 2007. The behavior of protozoa Spirostomum is the indicator of heavy metals’ contamination in aquatic medium. Inland Water Biol 2:100–104.
   Google Scholar
• Barber RC, Dubrova YE. 2006. The offspring of irradiated parents, are they stable?. Mutat Res 598:50–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belyaev I. 2010. Dependence of non-thermal biological effects of microwaves on physical and biological variables: Implications for reproducibility and safety standards In: Guiliani L, Soffritti M, editors. Non thermal effects and mechanisms of interaction between EMF and living matter. Bologna: National Institute for the Study and Control of Cancer and Environmental Diseases. pp 187–218.
   Google Scholar
• Brudzynski SM, Krol S. 1997. Analysis of locomotor activity in the rat: Parallelism index, a new measure of locomotor exploratory pattern. Physiol Behav 62:635–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buonanno F, Guella G, Strim C, Ortenzi C. 2012. Chemical defense by mono-prenyl hydroquinone in a freshwater ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum. Hydrobiologia 684:97–107.
   Google Scholar
• Bychkovskaya IB. 2013. Non-mutagenic non-targeted radiation effects. Determined decrease of cells viability in populations induced by low dose radiation. Radiat Biol Radioecol 53:246–258.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). 2010. Annual report 2010. Brussels: CENELEC.
   Google Scholar
• Dauer LT, Brooks AL, Hoel DG, Morgan WF, Stram D, Tran P. 2010. Review and evaluation of updated research on the health effects associated with low-dose ionizing radiation. Radiat Protect Dosimetry 140:103–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deitmer JW, Machemer H, Martinac B. 1984. Motor control in 3 types of ciliary organelles in the ciliate stylonychia. J Comparat Physiol 154:113–120.
   Google Scholar
• Drai D, Benjamini Y, Golani I. 2000. Statistical discrimination of natural modes of motion in rat exploratory behavior. J Neurosci Meth 96:119–131.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Funk RHW, Monsees T, Ozkucur N. 2009. Electromagnetic effects – from cell biology to medicine. Prog Histochem Cytochem 43:177–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jablonka E, Raz G. 2009. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: Prevalence, mechanisms, and implications for the study of heredity and evolution. Quart Rev Biol 84:131–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litovchenko AV, Kozmin GV, Ignatenko GK, Sarapultseva EI, Igolkina JV. 2011. The laboratory setup for studying effects of low-intensity electromagnetic fields on different species. Biomed Engineer 12: 24–27.
   Google Scholar
• Nałecz-Jawecki G, Sawicki J. 1999. Spirotox – a new tool for testing the toxicity of volatile compounds. Chemosphere 38:3211–3218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nałecz-Jawecki G, Sawicki J. 2002. A comparison of sensitivity of Spirotox biotest with standard toxicity tests. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 42:389–395.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nałecz-Jawecki G, Sawicki J. 2003. Influence of pH on the toxicity of nitrophenols to Microtox and Spirotox tests. Chemosphere 52:249–252.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Repacholi M, Grigoriev Y, Buschmann J, Pioli C. 2012. Scientific basis for the Soviet and Russian radiofrequency standards for the general public. Bioelectromagnetics 33:623–633.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Russell WL, Kelly EM. 1982. Mutation frequencies in male mice and the estimation of genetic hazards of radiation in men. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 79:542–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russian Ministry of Health. 2002. Methodical Instructions 4.3.1167-02. State sanitary and epidemiologic standardization of the Russian Federation. Determination of energy flux density of electromagnetic fields in places of placement of the radio aids working in the range of frequencies of 300 MHz – 300 GHz. Moscow: Ministry of Health. Available from: http://www.docload.ru/Basesdoc/10/10945/index.htm)
   Google Scholar
• Russian Ministry of Health. 2003. Sanitary rules and norms 2.1.8/2.2.4.1190-03. Hygienic requirements for the deployment and operation of land mobile radio. Moscow: Federal Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance.
   Google Scholar
• Sarapultseva EI. 2008. Motor activity of ciliate Spirostomum ambiguum as a bioassay of γ-irradiation in a broad range of dose. Radiat Biol Radioecol 48:346–348.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarapultseva EI, Igolkina JV, Litovchenko AV. 2009. Evaluation of the maximum permissible level of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation at mobile connection frequency (1 GHz) by changes in motor activity of Spirostomum ambiguum. Bull Experim Biol Med 147:411–413.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarapultseva EI, Igolkina JV, Bychkovskaya IB, Fedortseva RF, Aleksanin SS. 2010. Nonstochastic effects as a new test of radiation hazard to biota in the post-accident situation. Communication 2. Hereditary forms of damage. Medico-biolog Socio-psycholog Prob Safety Emerg Situations 3:65–69.
   Google Scholar
• Tushmalova N, Burlakova E, Lebedeva N, Tomkevich M, Golovkina T. 1998. Behaviour nerveless organisms are the effect indicator of ultrasmall doses. Bull Moscow Univ Biol 4: 24–25.
   Google Scholar
• Tushmalova NA. 2007. Changes in the level of motor activity of Spirostomum under the anthropogenic factors. In: Melekhova OP, Sarapultseva EI, editors. Biological control of the environment: Bioindication and bioassay. Moscow: Academy Publishers. pp 216–220.
   Google Scholar
• Vandegehuchte MB, De Coninck D, Vanderbrouck T, De Coen WM, Janssen CR. 2010. Gene transcription profiles, global DNA methylation and potential transgenerational epigenetic effects related to Zn exposure history in Daphnia magna. Environ Pollut 158:3323–3329.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wichterman R. 1986. The biology of paramecium. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar