Publication Cover
Physiotherapy Theory and Practice
An International Journal of Physical Therapy
Volume 26, 2010 - Issue 3
87
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Descriptive Report

Factorial validation of a walking safety scale (GEM scale) for the geriatric population

, MSc, PT, , PhD, OT, , PhD, PT, , PT & , PT
Pages 173-183 | Accepted 22 Dec 2008, Published online: 23 Mar 2010

References

  • 1990 Functional Independence Measure, Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation. Buffalo, NY, State University of New York at Buffalo
  • 1991 SAFER Tool, Safety Assessment of Function and the Environment for Rehabilitation. Toronto, Community Occupational Therapists and Associates
  • 2005 Report on Seniors' Falls in Canada. Ottawa, Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Aberg AC, Lindmark B, Lithell H 2003 Development and reliability of the General Motor Function Assessment Scale (GMF)—A performance-based measure of function-related dependence, pain and insecurity. Disability and Rehabilitation 25:462–472
  • Berg KO, Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI, Maki B 1992 Measuring balance in the elderly: Validation of an instrument. Canadian Journal of Public Health 83:S7–S11
  • Boudreault R, Kaegi C, Rousseau J 2002 Grille d'Evaluation de la Sécurité à la Marché (GEM). Montreal, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal
  • Brosseau L, Laferriére L, Couroux N, Marion M, Thériault J 1998 Intra- and inter-rater reliability and factorial validity studies of the Physiotherapy Functional Mobility Profile (PFMP) in acute care patients. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 15:147–154
  • Crocker L, Algina J 1986 Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory. Belmont, CA, Wadsworth group/Thomas learning
  • Cronbach L 1951 Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16:297–334
  • Dubé F, Rousseau J, Kaegi C, Boudreault R, Nadeau S 2008 Development of a walking safety scale for older adults. Part II. Inter-rater and test-retest agreement of the GEM Scale. Physiotherapy Canada 60:274–282
  • Fabrigar L, MacCallum R, Wegener D, Strahan E 1999 Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods 4:272–299
  • Feinstein AR, Cicchetti DV 1990 High agreement but low kappa I. The problems of two paradoxes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 43:543–549
  • Forster A, Young J 1995 Incidence and consequences of falls due to stroke: A systematique inquiry. British Medical Journal 311:83–86
  • Hyndman D, Ashburn A, Stack E 2002 Fall events among people with stroke living in the community: Circumstances of falls and characteristics of fallers. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 83: 165–170
  • Kaegi C, Boudreault R, Rousseau J, Bourbonnais D, Nadeau S, Dubé F 2008 Development of a walking safety scale for older adults. Content validity study of the GEM Scale. Physiotherapy Canada 60:264–273
  • Maki BE 1997 Gait changes in older adults: Predictors of falls or indicators of fear? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 45:313–320
  • McDonald R 1985 Factor Analysis and Related Methods. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  • Means KM, Rodell DE, O'Sullivan PS 1996 Use of an obstacle course to assess balance and mobility in the elderly. A validation study. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 75:88–95
  • Norusis MJ 1990 Factor analysis. In: SPSS Base System User's Guide, pp 313–346. Chicago, SPSS Inc
  • Nyberg L, Gustafson Y 1995 Patient fall in stroke rehabilitation. A challenge to rehabilitation strategies. Stroke 26:838–842
  • O'Loughlin JL, Robitaille Y, Boivin J-F, Suissa S 1993 Incidence of and risk factors for falls and injurious falls among the community-dwelling elderly. American Journal of Epidemiology 137:342–354
  • Patla AE, Shumway-Cook A 1999 Dimensions of mobility: Defining the complexity and difficulty associated with community mobility. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 7:7–19
  • Pedhazur E, Schmelkin L 1991 Measurement, Design, and Analysis: An Integrated Approach. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc
  • Plas F, Viel E, Blanc Y 1983 La Marche Humaine: Kinésiologie Dynamique, Biomécanique et Pathomécanique. Paris, Masson
  • Platt W, Bell B, Kozak J 1998 Physiotherapy functional mobility profile: A tool for measuring functional outcome in chronic care client. Physiotherapy Canada 50:47–52
  • Podsiadlo D, Richardson S 1991 The timed “Up & Go”: A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 39:142–148
  • Poulin CL, Gelinas I, Gauthier S, Dayton D, Liu L, Rossignol M, Sampalis J, Dastoor D 2006 Reliability and validity of the Safety Assessment Scale for people with dementia living at home. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 73:67–75
  • Prajapati C, Watkins C, Cullen H, Orugun O, King D, Rowe J 1996 The “S” test—A preliminary study of an instrument for selecting the most appropriate mobility aid. Clinical Rehabilitation 10:314–318
  • Reuben DB, Siu AL 1990 An objective measure of physical function of elderly outpatients. The Physical Performance Test. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 38:1105–1112
  • Rogers JC, Holm MB 1998 Evaluation of occupational performance areas. In: Crepeau EB (ed) Williard and Spackman's Occupational Therapy, pp 185–208. Lippincott, Philadelphia
  • Schnelle JF, MacRae P, Simmons S, Uman G, Ouslander JG, Rosenquist L, Chang B 1994 Safety assessment for frail eldery: A comparison of restrained and unrestrained nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 42:586–592
  • Startzell JK, Owens DA, Mulfinger LM, Cavanagh PR 2000 Stair negotiation in older people: A review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 48:567–580
  • Stel VS, Smit JH, Pluijm SM, Lips P 2004 Consequences of falling in older men and women and risk factors for health service use and functional decline. Age Ageing 33: 58–65
  • Wolfson L, Whipple R, Amerman P, Tobin JN 1990 Gait assessment in the elderly: A gait abnormality rating scale and its relation to falls. Journals of Gerontology Series A 45:M12–19
  • Wrisley DM, Marchetti GF, Kuharsky DK, Whitney SL 2004 Reliability, internal consistency, and validity of data obtained with the functional gait assessment. Physical Therapy 84:906–918

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.