Effect of stretch positions on hamstring muscle length, lumbar flexion range of motion, and lumbar curvature in healthy adults

REFERENCES

• Bandy WD, Irion JM 1994 The effect time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Physical Therapy 74: 845–852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandy WD, Irion JM, Briggler M 1997 The effect time and frequency of static stretch on flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Physical Therapy 77: 1090–1096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandy WD, Irion JM, Briggler M 1998 The effect of static stretch and dynamic range of motion training on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 27: 295–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogduk N 1997 Clinical anatomy of the lumbar spine and sacrum. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone
   Google Scholar
• Boyce D, Brosky JA 2008 Determining the minimal number of cyclic passive stretch repetitions recommended for an acute increase in an indirect measure of hamstring length. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 24: 113–120
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown A, Salmond S, Maxwell L 1993 Assessment of hamstring muscle flexibility: Which test? New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy 21: 33–34
   Google Scholar
• Clendaniel RA, Gossman MR, Katholi CR, Delitto A, Rose SJ 1984 Hamstring muscle length in men and women: Normative data. Physical Therapy 64: 716–717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosier J 2004 Factors associated with recurrent hamstring injuries. Sports Medicine 34: 681–695
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross KM, Worrell TW 1999 Effects of a static stretching program on the incidence of lower extremity musculotendinous strains. Journal of Athletic Training 34: 11–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis DS, Ashby PE, McCale KL, McQuain JA, Wine, JM 2005 The Effectiveness of 3 stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 19: 27–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis DS, Quinn RO, Whiteman CT, Williams JD, Young CR 2008 Concurrent validity of four clinical tests used to measure hamstring flexibility. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 22: 583–588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decoster LC, Scanlon RL, Horn KD, Cleland J 2004 Standing and supine hamstring stretching are equally effective. Journal of Athletic Training 39: 330–334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drezner JA 2003 Practical management: hamstring muscle injuries. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine 13: 48–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domholdt E 2005 Rehabilitation research: Principles and applications, 3rd edn. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders
   Google Scholar
• Farfan HF 1973 Mechanical disorders of the low back. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger
   Google Scholar
• Feland JB, Myrer JW, Schulthies SS, Fellingham GW, Measom GW 2001 The effect of duration of stretching of the hamstring muscle group for increasing range of motion in people aged 65 years of older. Physical Therapy 81: 1100–1117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajdosik RL, Albert CR, Mitman JJ 1994 Influence of hamstring length on standing position, and flexion range of motion of the pelvic angle, lumbar angle and thoracic angle. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 20: 213–219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajdosik RL, Lusin G 1983 Hamstring muscle tightness: Reliability of an active knee extension. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 63: 1085–1088
   Google Scholar
• Gajdosik RL, Rieck MA, Sullivan DK, Wrightman SE 1993 Comparison of four clinical tests for assessing hamstring muscle length. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 18: 614–618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett WE Jr 1996 Muscle strain injuries. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 6(Suppl):S2–S8
   Google Scholar
• Halbertsma JP, Goeken LN 1994 Stretching exercises: Effect on passive extensibility and stiffness in short hamstrings of healthy subjects. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 75: 976–981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halbertsma JP, van Bolhuis AI, Goeken LN 1996 Sport stretching: Effect on passive muscle stiffness of short hamstrings. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 77: 688–692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessey L, Watson AW 1993 Flexibility and posture assessment in relation to hamstring injury. British Journal of Sports Medicine 27: 243–246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess JA, Heckler S 2003 Stretching at work for injury prevention: Issues, evidence and recommendations. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 18: 339–342
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hopkins WG 2000 Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine 30: 1–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller TS, Colloca CJ, Harrison DE, Janik TJ 2005 Influence of spine morphology on intervertebral disc loads and stresses in asymptomatic adults: Implications for the ideal spine. Spine Journal 5: 297–309
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG 1993Muscle testing and function: With posture and pain. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
   Google Scholar
• Li Y, McClure PW, Pratt N 1996 The effect of hamstring muscle stretching on standing posture and on lumbar and hip motions during forward bending. Physical Therapy 76: 836–849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovell FW, Rothstein JM, Personius WJ 1989 Reliability of clinical measurements of lumbar lordosis taken with a flexible ruler. Physical Therapy 69: 96–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madding SW, Wong JG, Hallum A, Medeiros J 1987 Effect of duration of passive stretch on hip abduction range of motion. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 9: 409–416
   Google Scholar
• Mason DL, Dickens V, Vail A 2007 Rehabilitation for hamstring injuries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD004575
   Google Scholar
• Mayer TG, Kondraske G, Beals SB, Gatchel RJ 1997 Spinal range of motion, accuracy and sources of errors in inclinometric measurement. Spine 9: 588–595
   Google Scholar
• Norton BJ, Sahrmann SA, Van Dillen LR 2004 Differences in measurements of lumbar curvature related to gender and low back pain, Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Therapy 34: 524–534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nourbakhsh MR, Arab AM 2002 Relationship between mechanical factors and incidence of low back pain. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 32: 447–460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orchard J, Marsden J, Lord S, Garlick D 1997 Preseason hamstring muscle weakness associated with hamstring muscle injury in australian footballers. American Journal Sports Medicine 25: 81–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen J, Holmich P 2005 Evidence based prevention of hamstring injuries in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine 39: 319–323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope RP, Herbert RD, Kirwan JD, Graham BJ 2000 A randomized trial of preexercise stretching for prevention of lower-limb injury. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32: 271–277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portney LG, Watkins MP 2008Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall
   Google Scholar
• Sherry MA, Best MT 2004 A comparison of two rehabilitation programs in the treatment of acute hamstring strains. Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Therapy 13: 116–125
   Google Scholar
• Shrier I 1999 Stretching before exercise does not reduce the risk of local muscle injury: A critical review of the clinical and basic science literature. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine 9: 221–227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens JP 2002 Analysis of covariance. In: Applied multivariate statistics for social sciences, 4th edn, pp 339–373. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan MK, Dejulia JJ, Worrell TW 1992 Effect of pelvic position and stretching method on hamstring muscle flexibility. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 24: 1383–1389
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thacker SB, Gilchrist J, Stroup DF, Kimsey D 2004 The impact of stretching on sports injury risk: A systematic review of the literature. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 36: 371–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrall GM, Slavotinek JP, Barnes PG, Fon GT, Spriggins AJ 2004 Clinical risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury: a prospective study with correlation of injury by magnetic resonance imaging. British Journal of Sports Medicine 35: 435–439
   Google Scholar
• Webright WG, Randolph BJ, Perrin DH 1997 Comparison of nonballistic active knee extension in neural slump position and static stretch techniques on hamstring flexibility. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 26: 7–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weldon SM, Hill RH 2003 The efficacy of stretching for prevention of exercise-related injury: A systematic review of literature. Manual Therapy 8: 141–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells GA, Tugwell P, Brosseau L, Robinson VA, Graham ID, Shea BJ, McGowan J 2001 Philadelphia panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on selected rehabilitation interventions: Overview and methodology. Physical Therapy 81: 1629–1640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worrell TW, Smith TL, Winegardner J 1994 Effect of hamstring stretching on hamstring muscle performance. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 20: 154–159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagawa TL, Maitland ME, Burgess K, Young L, Hanley D 2000 Assessment of thoracic kyphosis using the flexicurve for individuals with osteoporosis. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 18: 53–56
   Google Scholar
• Youdas JW, Garrett TR, Egan KS, Therneau TM 2000 Lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination in adults with chronic low back pain. Physical Therapy 80: 261–275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youdas JW, Krause DA, Hollman JH, Harmsen WS, Laskowski E 2005 The influence of gender and age on hamstring muscle length in healthy adults. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 35: 246–252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youdas JW, Suman VJ Garrett TR 1995 Reliability of measurements of lumbar spine saggital mobility obtained with the flexible curve. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 21: 13–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar