REFERENCES
- Bohannon RW 1990 Muscle strength testing with hand-held dynamometers. In: Amundsen LR (ed) Muscle Strength Testing: Instrumented and Non-Instrumented Systems, pp 69–88. New York, Churchill Livingstone
- Clarke HH 1952 New objective strength tests of muscle groups by cable-tension methods. Research Quarterly 23: 136–148
- Currier DP 1972 Maximal isometric tension of elbow extensors at varied position. Physical Therapy 52: 1043–1049
- Cuthbert SC, Goodheart GJ 2007 On the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing: A literature review. Chiropractic and Osteopathy 15: 4
- Florence JM, Pandya S, King WM, Robison JD, Baty J, Miller JP, Schierbecker J, Signore L 1992 Interrater reliability of manual muscle (medical research council scale) grades in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Physical Therapy 72: 115–121
- Fowler WM, Gardner GW 1967 Quantitative strength measurement in muscular dystrophy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 48: 629–644
- Griffen JW, McClure MH, Bertorini TE 1986 Sequential isokinetic and manual muscle testing in patients with neuromuscular disease. Physical Therapy 66: 32–35
- Hall S 2006 Basic Biomechanics, 5th edn. USA: McGraw-Hill
- Hislop HJ, Montgomery J 2007 Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing Techniques for Manual Examination, 8th edn. St Louis, MO, Saunders
- Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG, Rodgers MM, Romani WA 2005 Muscle Testing and Function with Posture and Pain, 5th edn. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Kennedy WR 1965 The development and comparison of an electrical strain-gage dynamometer and a cable tensiometer for objective muscle testing. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 46: 793–803
- Lamb R 1985 Manual muscle testing. In: Rothstein JM (eds) Measurement in Physical Therapy, pp 47–102. New York, Churchill-Livingstone
- Lovett RW, Martin EG 1916 Certain aspects of infantile paralysis with a description of a method of muscle testing. Journal of the American Medical Association LXVI: 729–733
- Neumann DA 2009 Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations for Rehabilitation, 2nd edn. USA: Mosby
- Provins KA, Salter N 1955 Maximum torque exerted about the elbow joint. Journal of Applied Physiology 7: 393–398
- Smidt GL, Rogers MW 1982 Factors contributing to the regulation and clinical assessment of muscular strength. Physical Therapy 62: 1283–1290
- Smith SS 2000 Measurement of neuromuscular performance capacities. In: Bronzino JD (ed) The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press LLC
- Stratford PW 2004 Getting more from the literature: Estimating the standard error of measurement from reliability studies. Physiotherapy Canada 56: 27–30
- Stuberg WA, Metcalf WK 1988 Reliability of quantitative muscle testing in healthy children and in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a hand-held dynamometer. Physical Therapy 68: 977–982