References
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Joint motion: Method of measuring and recording. AAOS, Chicago 1965; 48–51
- American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. Health-related physical fitness and youth fitness test manual. AAHPERD, Washington, DC 1986
- Anderson J A D, Sweetman B J. A combined flexi-rule/hydrogoniometer for measurement of lumbar spine and its sagittal movement. Rheumatology and Rehabilitation 1975; 14: 173–179
- Archer I A, Moll J M H, Wright V. Chest and spinal mobility in physiotherapists: An objective clinical study. Physiotherapy 1974; 60: 37–39
- Balogun J A. The interrelationships between measures of physical fitness and self-concept. Journal of Human Movement Studies 1987a; 13: 255–265
- Balogun J A. Assessment of physical fitness of female physical therapy students. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 1987; 8: 525–532
- Balogun J A, Abereoje O K, Olaogun M OB, Obajuluwa V A. Inter- and intra-tester reliability of measuring neck motions with tape measure and Myrin gravity-reference goniometer. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 1989; 10: 248–253
- Batti'e M C, Bigos S J, Sheehy A, Wortley M D. Spinal flexibility and individual factors that influence it. Physical Therapy 1987; 67: 653–658
- Fitzgerald G K, Wynveen K J, Rheault W, Rothschild B. Objective assessement with establishment of normal values for lumbar spinal range of motion. Physical Therapy 1983; 63: 1776–1781
- Frost M, Stuckey S, Smalley L A. Reliability of measuring trunk motions in centimeters. Physical Therapy 1982; 62: 1431–1437
- Gould J A. The spine. Orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, J A Gould, C J Davis. C V Mosby, St Louis 1985; 518–549
- Haley S M, Tada W L, Carmichael E M. Spinal mobility in young children: A normative study. Physical Therapy 1986; 66: 1697–1703
- Jonck L M, Niekerk J M. A roentgenological study of the motion of the lumbar spine of Bantu. South African Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 1961; 7: 67–70
- Lefkof M B. Trunk flexion in healthy children aged 3 to 7 years. Physical Therapy 1986; 66: 39–44
- Loebel W Y. Measurement of spinal posture and range of spinal movement. Annals of Physical Medicine 1967; 9: 103–110
- Mayerson N H, Milano R A. Goniometric measurement reliability in physical medicine. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1984; 65: 92–94
- Moll J M H, Wright V. Normal range of spinal mobility: An objective clinical study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1971; 30: 381–386
- Moll J M H, Wright V. Measurement of spinal movement. The lumbar spine and back pain, M Jason. Grune and Stratton, San Diego 1976; 93–112
- Moran H M, Hall M A, Barr A. Spinal mobility in the adolescent. Rheumatology and Rehabilitation 1979; 18: 181–185
- Myers C R, Golding L A, Sinning W E. The Y's way to physical fitness. Rodale Press, Emmaus, Penn 1973
- Norkin C C, White D J. Measurement of joint motion: A guide to goniometry. F A Davis, Philadelphia 1985
- Sagua A C, Oyemade G A A. Normal range of lumbar spine flexion in adult Nigerians. African Journal of Medical Science 1987; 16: 39–42
- Schober P. The lumbar vertebral column and backache. Muenchener Medizinischs Wochen schrift 1937; 84: 336
- Troup J O G, Hood C A, Chapman A E. Measurements of the sagittal mobility of the lumbar spine and hips. Annals of Physical Medicine 1968; 9: 308–321
- White A A, III, Panjabi M M. Clinical biomechanics of the spine. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia 1978
- Wilmore J H. Training for sport and activity: The physiological basis of the conditioning process. Allyn and Bacon, Boston 1982