A 12-week randomized double-blind parallel pilot trial of Sinetrol XPur on body weight, abdominal fat, waist circumference, and muscle metabolism in overweight men

References

• Aballay LR, Eynard AR, Diaz MP, Navarro A, Munoz SE. 2013. Overweight and obesity: a review of their relationship to metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in South America. Nutr Rev 71:168–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. 2005. The metabolic syndrome – a new worldwide definition. Lancet 366:1059–1062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asgary S, Keshvari M, Afshani MR, Amiri M, Laher I, Javanmard SH. 2014. Effect of fresh orange juice intake on physiological characteristics in healthy volunteers. ISRN Nutr 2014:article ID 405867, 7 pages
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balkau B, Deanfield JE, Despres JP, Bassand JP, Fox KA, Smith SC Jr, Barter P, et al. 2007a. International Day for the Evaluation of Abdominal Obesity (IDEA): a study of waist circumference, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus in 168,000 primary care patients in 63 countries. Circulation 116:1942–1951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balkau B, Valensi P, Eschwege E, Slama G. 2007b. A review of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab 33:405–413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso-Saldana GC, Yamamoto-Kimura L, Medina-Urrutia A, Posadas-Sanchez R, Caracas-Portilla NA, Posadas-Romero C. 2010. Obesity or overweight and metabolic syndrome in Mexico City teenagers. Arch Cardiol Mex 80:12–18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cases J, Romain C, Dallas C, Gerbi A, Cloarec M. 2014. Regular consumption of Fiit-ns, a polyphenol extract from fruit and vegetables frequently consumed within the Mediterranean diet, improves metabolic ageing of obese volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, parallel trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 66:120–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesari M, Fielding RA, Pahor M, Goodpaster B, Hellerstein M, van Kan GA, Anker SD, et al. 2012. Biomarkers of sarcopenia in clinical trials-recommendations from the International Working Group on Sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 3:181–190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesari M, Penninx BW, Pahor M, Lauretani F, Corsi AM, Rhys WG, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. 2004. Inflammatory markers and physical performance in older persons: the InCHIANTI study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 59:242–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chudnovskiy R, Thompson A, Tharp K, Hellerstein M, Napoli JL, Stahl A. 2014. Consumption of clarified grapefruit juice ameliorates high-fat diet induced insulin resistance and weight gain in mice. PLoS One 9:e108408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dallas C, Gerbi A, Elbez Y, Caillard P, Zamaria N, Cloarec M. 2014. Clinical study to assess the efficacy and safety of a citrus polyphenolic extract of red orange, grapefruit, and orange (Sinetrol-XPur) on weight management and metabolic parameters in healthy overweight individuals. Phytother Res 28:212–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dallas C, Gerbi A, Tenca G, Juchaux F, Bernard FX. 2008. Lipolytic effect of a polyphenolic citrus dry extract of red orange, grapefruit, orange (SINETROL) in human body fat adipocytes. Mechanism of action by inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE). Phytomedicine 15:783–792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies KM, Heaney RP, Rafferty K. 2002. Decline in muscle mass with age in women: a longitudinal study using an indirect measure. Metabolism 51:935–939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Ferranti S, Mozaffarian D. 2008. The perfect storm: obesity, adipocyte dysfunction, and metabolic consequences. Clin Chem 54:945–955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de las Fuentes L, Brown AL, Mathews SJ, Waggoner AD, Soto PF, Gropler RJ, Davila-Roman VG. 2007. Metabolic syndrome is associated with abnormal left ventricular diastolic function independent of left ventricular mass. Eur Heart J 28:553–559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Despres JP, Lemieux I, Bergeron J, Pibarot P, Mathieu P, Larose E, Rodes-Cabau J, et al. 2008. Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28:1039–1049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fain JN. 2010. Release of inflammatory mediators by human adipose tissue is enhanced in obesity and primarily by the nonfat cells: a review. Mediators Inflamm 2010:article ID 513948, 20 pages
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanzani A, Conraads VM, Penna F, Martinet W. 2012. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy: an update. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 3:163–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Festa A, D'Agostino R Jr Williams K, Karter AJ, Mayer-Davis EJ, Tracy RP, Haffner SM. 2001. The relation of body fat mass and distribution to markers of chronic inflammation. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25:1407–1415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujioka K, Greenway F, Sheard J, Ying Y. 2006. The effects of grapefruit on weight and insulin resistance: relationship to the metabolic syndrome. J Med Food 9:49–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, Iwaki M, Yamada Y, Nakajima Y, Nakayama O, et al. 2004. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 114:1752–1761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genuth SM. 1973. Effects of oral alanine administration in fasting obese subjects. Metabolism 22:927–937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldwasser J, Cohen PY, Yang E, Balaguer P, Yarmush ML, Nahmias Y. 2010. Transcriptional regulation of human and rat hepatic lipid metabolism by the grapefruit flavonoid naringenin: role of PPARalpha, PPARgamma and LXRalpha. PLoS One 5:e12399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain M, Parmar HS. 2011. Evaluation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of hesperidin and naringin on the rat air pouch model of inflammation. Inflamm Res 60:483–491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen I, Ross R. 1999. Effects of sex on the change in visceral, subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in response to weight loss. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 23:1035–1046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janus ED, Laatikainen T, Dunbar JA, Kilkkinen A, Bunker SJ, Philpot B, Tideman PA, et al. 2007. Overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome in rural southeastern Australia. Med J Aust 187:147–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung UJ, Lee MK, Park YB, Kang MA, Choi MS. 2006. Effect of citrus flavonoids on lipid metabolism and glucose-regulating enzyme mRNA levels in type-2 diabetic mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 38:1134–1145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaysen GA, Kotanko P, Zhu F, Sarkar SR, Heymsfield SB, Kuhlmann MK, Dwyer T, et al. 2009. Relationship between adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in prevalent hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 19:357–364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim TN, Park MS, Ryu JY, Choi HY, Hong HC, Yoo HJ, Kang HJ, et al. 2014. Impact of visceral fat on skeletal muscle mass and vice versa in a prospective cohort study: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS). PLoS One 9:e115407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud AM, Ashour MB, Abdel-Moneim A, Ahmed OM. 2012. Hesperidin and naringin attenuate hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine production in high fat fed/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Complications 26:483–490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maury E, Ramsey KM, Bass J. 2010. Circadian rhythms and metabolic syndrome: from experimental genetics to human disease. Circ Res 106:447–462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monsalve FA, Pyarasani RD, Delgado-Lopez F, Moore-Carrasco R. 2013. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013:549627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulvihill EE, Huff MW. 2012. Protection from metabolic dysregulation, obesity, and atherosclerosis by citrus flavonoids: activation of hepatic PGC1alpha-mediated fatty acid oxidation. PPAR Res 2012:857142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mushtaq MU, Gull S, Abdullah HM, Shahid U, Shad MA, Akram J. 2011. Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and waist-height ratio percentiles and central obesity among Pakistani children aged five to twelve years. BMC Pediatr 11:105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petelin A, Bizjak M, Cernelic-Bizjak M, Jurdana M, Jakus T, Jenko-Praznikar Z. 2014. Low-grade inflammation in overweight and obese adults is affected by weight loss program. J Endocrinol Invest 37:745–755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Perea JM, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM. 2009. Obesity, insulin resistance and increase in adipokines levels: importance of the diet and physical activity. Nutr Hosp 24:415–421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross R, Rissanen J, Pedwell H, Clifford J, Shragge P. 1996. Influence of diet and exercise on skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in men. J Appl Physiol 81:2445–2455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roza AM, Shizgal HM. 1984. The Harris Benedict equation reevaluated: resting energy requirements and the body cell mass. Am J Clin Nutr 40:168–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaap LA, Pluijm SM, Deeg DJ, Visser M. 2006. Inflammatory markers and loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and strength. Am J Med 119:526–1517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma AK, Bharti S, Ojha S, Bhatia J, Kumar N, Ray R, Kumari S, Arya DS. 2011. Up-regulation of PPARgamma, heat shock proteinhps-27 and -72 by naringin attenuates insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, hepatic steatosis and kidney damage in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Br J Nutr 106:1713–1723
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen X, Tang Q, Wu J, Feng Y, Huang J, Cai W. 2009. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 79:255–263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RB, Ghosh S, Beegom R, Mehta AS, De AK, Haque M, Dube GK, et al. 1998. Prevalence and determinants of central obesity and age-specific waist: hip ratio of people in five cities: the Indian Women's Health Study. J Cardiovasc Risk 5:73–77
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stagnaro S. 2007. Epidemiological evidence for the non-random clustering of the components of the metabolic syndrome: multicentre study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 61:1143–1144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart AL, Brook RH. 1983. Effects of being overweight. Am J Public Health 73:171–178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titta L, Trinei M, Stendardo M, Berniakovich I, Petroni K, Tonelli C, Riso P, et al. 2010. Blood orange juice inhibits fat accumulation in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 34:578–588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadden TA, Phelan S. 2002. Assessment of quality of life in obese individuals. Obes Res 10:50S–57S
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wadden TA, Stunkard AJ. 1985. Social and psychological consequences of obesity. Ann Intern Med 103:1062–1067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasserman F. 1965. The development of adipose tissue. In: Renold AE, Cahill GF Jr., editors. Handbook of physiology. Section 5: Adipose tissue. Washington, DC: American Physiological Society. p 87–100
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2013. Available at: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/249022/WHO-European-Ministerial-Conference-on-the-Prevention-and-Control-of-Noncommunicable-Diseases-in-the-Context-of-Health-2020.pdf?ua=1. Accessed on 19 January 2015
   Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Zhang C. 2010. Adipose “talks” to distant organs to regulate insulin sensitivity and vascular function. Obesity (Silver Spring) 18:2071–2076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar