Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder and recurrent strokes secondary to high blood homocysteine

References

• Bleich, S., Bleich, K., Kropp, S., Bittermann, H.J., Degner, D., Sperling, W., et al (2001). Moderate alcohol consumption in social drinkers raises plasma homocysteine levels: A contradiction to the ‘French Paradox’? Alcohol and Alcoholism, 36(3), 189–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bostom, A.G. & Culleton, B.F. (1999). Hyperhomocysteinaemia in chronic renal disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10(4), 891–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bottiglieri, T., Laundy, M., Crellin, R., Toone, B.K., Carney, M.W., & Reynolds, E.H. (2000). Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 69(2), 228–232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Castel-Dunwoody, K.M., Kauwell, G.P., Shelnutt, K.P., Vaughn, J.D., Griffin, E.R., Maneval, D.R., et al (2005). Transcobalamin 776C->G polymorphism negatively affects vitamin B-12 metabolism. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(6), 1436–1441
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dias, V.V., Brissos, S., Cardoso, C., Andreazza, A.C., & Kapczinski, F. (2009). Serum homocysteine levels and cognitive functioning in euthymic bipolar patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 113(3), 285–290
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fava, M., Borus, J.S., Alpert, J.E., Nierenberg, A.A., Rosenbaum, J.F., & Bottiglieri, T. (1997). Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in major depressive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(3), 426–428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, E.S., Smith, S.J., Stroup, D.F., Steinberg, K.K., Mueller, P.W., & Thacker, S.B. (2002). Homocyst(e)ine and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review of the evidence with special emphasis on case control studies and nested case-control studies. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31(1), 59–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friso, S., Girelli, D., Trabetti, E., Stranieri, C., Olivieri, O., Tinazzi, E., et al (2002). A1298C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation and coronary artery disease: Relationships with C677T polymorphism and homocysteine/folate metabolism. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2(1), 7–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frosst, P., Blom, H.J., Milos, R., Goyette, P., Sheppard, C.A., Matthews, R.G., et al (1995). A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: A common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nature Genetics, 10(1), 111–113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilland, J.C., Favier, A., Potier de Courcy, G., Galan, P., & Hercberg, S. (2003). Hyperhomocysteinaemia: An independent risk factor or a simple marker of vascular disease? 1. Basic data. Pathologie-Biologie (Paris), 51(2), 101–110
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hickie, I., Scott, E., Naismith, S., Ward, P.B., Turner, K., Parker, G., et al (2001). Late-onset depression: Genetic, vascular and clinical contributions. Psychological Medicine, 31(8), 1403–1412
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaplan, E.D. (2003). Association between homocyst(e)ine levels and risk of vascular events. Drugs Today (Barcelona, Spain: 1998), 39(3), 175–192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krishnan, K.R., Hays, J.C., & Blazer, D.G. (1997). MRI-defined vascular depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(4), 497–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, J., Sela, B.A., Osher, Y., & Belmaker, R.H. (2005). High homocysteine serum levels in young male schizophrenia and bipolar patients and in an animal model. Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 29(7), 1181–1191 (Review)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malinow, M.R., Nieto, F.J., Kruger, W.D., Duell, P.B., Hess, D.L., Gluckman, R.A., et al (1997). The effects of folic acid supplementation on plasma total homocysteine are modulated by multivitamin use and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotypes. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 17(6), 1157–1162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattson, M.P., & Shea, T.B. (2003). Folate and homocysteine metabolism in neural plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. Trends in Neurosciences, 26(3), 137–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudd, S.H., Skovby, F., Levy, H.L., Pettigrew, K.D., Wilcken, B., Pyeritz, R.E., et al (1985). The natural history of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. American Journal of Human Genetics, 37(1), 1–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachdev, P.S., Valenzuela, M., Wang, X.L., Looi, J.C., & Brodaty, H. (2002). Relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and brain atrophy in healthy elderly individuals. Neurology, 58(10), 1539–1541
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stanger, O., Herrmann, W., Pietrzik, K., Fowler, B., Geisel, J., Dierkes, J., et al (2004). Clinical use and rational management of homocysteine, folic acid, and B vitamins in cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie, 93(6), 439–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor, D., Paton, C., & Kapur, S. (2009). Post stroke Depression. In The Maudsley (10th edn, pp. 195–196). London: Informa Healthcare
   Google Scholar